| 词条 | Conquest of Sylhet |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Conquest of Sylhet | image = | caption = | partof = Islam in Bangladesh | campaign = | date = 1303 CE | place = Govinda's Fort, Bishwanath and the banks of the Barak River | result = Decisive Sultanate victory | combatant1 = Bengal (Independent Balban dynasty) | combatant2 = Kingdoms of Gour and Taraf | commander1 = Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah Syed Nasiruddin Sikander Khan Ghazi Shah Jalal | commander2 = Raja Gour Govinda Raja Achak Narayan | strength1 = <10,000 | strength2 = 10,000 | casualties1 = Heavy | casualties2 = Heavy |}} The Conquest of Sylhet, ({{lang-bn|সিলেটের বিজয়,}} Silet-er Bijoy, Sylheti: ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠞ ꠙꠤꠞꠥꠎꠤ, Silot-or Piruzi), refers to many battles which took place in the region of Srihatta which consisted of many petty kingdoms. Predominantly, it refers to the three battles between Shamsuddin Firoz Shah of the Bengal Sultanate and Raja Govinda of the Gour Kingdom. However, other battles taking place after this incident such as the battles of Taraf are also part of the Conquest of Sylhet. BackgroundThe ancient Hindu region of Srihatta consisted of many petty kingdoms such as Gour, Laur, Ita and Taraf. Raja Gour Govinda was a firm Hindu ruler of the Kingdom of Gour. Although majority of the population was Hindu, there was a small minority of Muslims in the country. The region also bordered the independent Bengal region ruled by the Muslim Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah of the Balban dynasty. The war is said to have began when Burhanuddin, a Muslim living in Gour sacrificed a cow for his newborn son's aqiqah or celebration of birth.[1] Govinda, in a fury for what he saw as sacrilege due to his Hindu beliefs, had the newborn killed as well as having Burhanuddin's right hand cut off.[2]At the same time, a Sufi missionary by the name of Shah Jalal was due to arrive in the region of Bengal. After being commanded by his uncle Shaykh Kabir before his journey to reside and propagate Islam in a region in which the soil matches the one that was given to him in his home country, Shah Jalal knew that it is in Srihatta where he shall reside in for the rest of his life.[3] Shah Jalal journeyed eastward and reached India in c. 1300, where he met many great scholars and Sufi mystics.[3] It is said that prior to the conquest, Shah Jalal was a guest of the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya in Delhi and that he was summoned by Firoz Shah for aid after the initial failed attacks against Gour Govinda. Alternatively he may already have been present in Sylhet, fighting against the Hindu king independently prior to being approached by the Sultan.[5][4] First and Second Battles of SrihattaWhen word of this reached Shamsuddin Firoz Shah, he commanded his nephew Sikander Khan Ghazi to lead an army against the Raja. The Bengali army however were inexperienced in the foreign terrain which consisted of tea gardens and low-lying hills. The army had no option but to retreat back to Bengal to avoid casualties. Firoz Shah then turned to his Sipah Salar (commander-in-chief) Syed Nasiruddin as he realised that this undertaking was much bigger than he anticipated and he would need a larger and more skilled army. The two armies decided to attack together but it ended in failure due to Govinda's superior military strategy.[5][6] The Raja then came to an understanding between the ruler of Bengal, and even allowed the establishment of a mosque in his kingdom. Many pirs and Sufi saints settled in and around the mosque and the locality became known as Pir Mahalla.[7] Third Battle of SrihattaDuring the treaty between Gour and Bengal, a man named Qazi Nuruddin who lived in Taraf was expelled from the kingdom after its king, Raja Achak Narayan heard that he also slaughtered a cow. Both Nuruddin and Burhanuddin, aggrieved at the attitudes of their rulers, knew that they could not expect redressal solely from Bengal and so appealed to the Delhi Sultanate as well. The force was then joined by the arrival of Shah Jalal and his companions who at this point numbered 360.[8] The army was then guided through Sylhet by Burhanuddin, ultimately arriving at the banks of the Barak River. Here the third battle was fought between Gour Govinda and the combined armies of Shah Jalal and Syed Nasiruddin, with the latter forces ultimately claiming victory. Govinda was forced to retreat and Srihatta was brought under Muslim control. According to tradition, Shah Jalal at this point compared the soil in Srihatta with that which was previously given to him by his uncle, finding them to be identical. In any case, following the battle, Shah Jalal along with his followers permanently settled in Sylhet.[1][8] Raja Achak Narayan was also defeated and the Kingdom of Taraf was annexed to Gour. AftermathThe Gour and Taraf Kingdoms were then incorporated into the Sultanate of Shamsuddin Firoz Shah, which later became known as the Bengal Sultanate. The region of Srihatta was also renamed to Jalalabad after Shah Jalal for his aid in delivering Islam to the population. To this day, Gour Govinda's fort still remains in Bishwanath Upazila, Sylhet District. The Ita and Laur kingdoms also joined Bengal after its rulers converted to Islam. Sarbananda of Barsala, who also converted to Islam, was made the first Nawab of Sylhet under the name of Sarwar Khan. References1. ^1 {{cite book |last=Hussain |first= M Sahul |year=2014 |chapter= Burhanuddin (R) |chapter-url= http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Burhanuddin_(R) |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}} 2. ^EB, Suharwardy Yemani Sylheti, Shaikhul Mashaikh Hazrat Makhdum Ghazi Shaikh Jalaluddin Mujjarad, in Hanif, N. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7JInpQL0x8C "Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East. Vol. 2"]. Sarup & Sons, 2002. p.459 3. ^1 {{cite book |last=Karim |first=Abdul |year=2012 |chapter=Shah Jalal (R) |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shah_Jalal_%28R%29 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last=Wise |first=J |year=1873 |title=Note on Sháh Jalál, the patron saint of Silhaț |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.30946/page/n199 |journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |volume=42 |page=279}} 5. ^Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh,"Population Census of Bangladesh, 1974: District census report" (1979), p. 15 6. ^{{harvtxt| Mujjarad|2002|p=459}} 7. ^{{cite book |last=Rao|first=Venkata|year=1994|editor1-last=Sangma|editor1-first=Milton|title=Essays on North-east India: Presented in Memory of Professor V. Venkata Rao|publisher=Indus Publishing Company}} 8. ^1 2 {{harvtxt|Mujjarad|2002|p=460}} 8 : Conflicts in 1303|Battles involving Bengal|History of Bangladesh|History of Sylhet|Sylhet|History of Islam in Bangladesh|History of Bengal|Military history of the Bengal Sultanate |
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