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词条 World Organization of the Scout Movement
释义

  1. History

  2. World Scout Conference

  3. World Scout Committee

     Current members 2017-2020  Bronze Wolf Award 

  4. World Scout Bureau

     Location   Leadership  

  5. World Scout Centres

  6. World Scout programmes

  7. World Scout Emblem

  8. Recognition of non-national Scouting organizations

  9. Publications

  10. See also

  11. References

  12. Further reading

  13. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}{{Infobox WorldScouting
| type =
| name =World Organization of the Scout Movement
| image = World Organization of the Scout Movement flag.svg
| caption =
| headquarters = {{plainlist|

World Scout Bureau: Geneva, Switzerland

Secretary General’s Office: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


}}
| country = worldwide
| f-date = 1922[1][2]
| founder =
| members = {{plainlist|
  • 170 organizations[1]
  • over 50 million participants (2018)[1]

}}
| chiefscouttitle = Secretary General
| chiefscout = Ahmad Alhendawi[2][3]
| chiefscouttitle2 = World Scout Committee Chairman
| chiefscout2 = Craig Turpie
| website = http://www.scout.org
}}

The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM {{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ʊ|z|əm}}) is the largest international Scouting organization. WOSM has 170 members.[1] These members are recognized national Scout organizations, which collectively have over 50 million participants.[4] WOSM was established in 1922,[5][6] and has its operational headquarters at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and its legal seat in Geneva, Switzerland. It is the counterpart of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).

The WOSM's current stated mission is "to contribute to the education of young people, through a value system based on the Scout Promise and Scout Law, to help build a better world where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a constructive role in society".[7][8] WOSM is organized into regions and operates with a conference, committee and bureau.

The WOSM is associated with three World Scout Centres. The World Scout Jamboree is held roughly every four years under the auspices of the WOSM, with members of WAGGGS also invited. WOSM also organises the World Scout Moot, a Jamboree for 17- to 26-year-olds, and has organised the World Scout Indaba, a gathering for Scout leaders. The World Scout Foundation is a perpetual fund governed by a separate Board of Governors and supported by donations for the development of WOSM associated Scouting programs throughout the world.

WOSM is a non-governmental organization with General Consultative Status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).[9]

History

As a result of an international conference held during the first World Scout Jamboree at Olympia, London in 1920, leaders there agreed to create a Boy Scouts International Bureau (BSIB). An office was established at 25, Buckingham Palace Road, London, and the then International Commissioner of The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom, Hubert S. Martin, was appointed as Honorary Director. The first task of the bureau was to co-ordinate the discussions and to prepare a second international conference in Paris in 1922.[5][6] At the 1922 Paris conference The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement, its committee and BSIB were constituted by the founding member organizations.[6] In 1961 The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement reconstituted the organization introducing the name World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement became the WOSM's World Scout Conference, its International Committee became the World Scout Committee and the Boy Scouts International Bureau became the WOSM's World Scout Bureau.[10]

World Scout Conference

The World Scout Conference (WSC) is the governing body and meets every three years, preceded by the World Scout Youth Forum. The World Scout Conference is the general assembly of Scouting and is composed of six delegates from each of the member Scout associations. If a country has more than one association, the associations form a federation for coordination and world representation. The basis for recognition and membership in the World Scout Conference includes adherence to the aims and principles of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, and independence from political involvement on the part of each member association.[18]

The Conference meets every three years and is hosted by a member association. At the World Scout Conference basic cooperative efforts are agreed upon and a plan of mutual coordination is adopted.[11]

Date Number Location Country Member Countries Host Candidate Countries
1920 Retrospectively referred to as the "First International Conference" LondonUnited Kingdom}} 33
1922 First International Conference (retrospectively referred to as the "Second")[6] ParisFrance}} 30
1924 Third International Conference CopenhagenDenmark}} 34
1926 Fourth International Conference KanderstegSwitzerland}} 29
1929 Fifth International Conference BirkenheadUnited Kingdom}} 33
1931 Sixth International Conference Baden bei WienAustria}} 44
1933 Seventh International Conference GödöllőHungary|1920}} 31
1935 Eighth International Conference StockholmSweden}} 28
1937 Ninth International Conference The HagueNetherlands}} 34
1939 10th International Conference EdinburghUnited Kingdom}} 27
1947 11th International Conference Château de Rosny-sur-SeineFrance}} 32
1949 12th International Conference ElvesaeterNorway}} 25
1951 13th International Conference SalzburgAustria}} 34
1953 14th International Conference VaduzLiechtenstein}} 35
1955 15th International Conference Niagara Falls, OntarioCanada|1921}} 44
1957 16th International Conference CambridgeUnited Kingdom}} 52
1959 17th International Conference New DelhiIndia}} 35
1961 18th International Conference LisbonPortugal}} 50
1963 19th World Scout Conference RhodesGreece}} 52
1965 20th World Scout Conference Mexico CityMexico}} 59
1967 21st World Scout Conference SeattleUnited States}} 70
1969 22nd World Scout Conference EspooFinland}} 64
1971 23rd World Scout Conference TokyoJapan}} 71
1973 24th World Scout Conference NairobiKenya}} 77
1975 25th World Scout Conference LundtoftDenmark}} 87
1977 26th World Scout Conference MontrealCanada}} 81
1979 27th World Scout Conference BirminghamUnited Kingdom}} 81
1981 28th World Scout Conference DakarSenegal}} 74
1983 29th World Scout Conference Dearborn United States}} 90
1985 30th World Scout Conference MunichWest Germany}} 93
1988 31st World Scout Conference MelbourneAustralia}} 77
1990 32nd World Scout Conference ParisFrance}} 100
1993 33rd World Scout Conference SattahipThailand}} 99
1996 34th World Scout Conference OsloNorway}} 108
1999 35th World Scout Conference DurbanSouth Africa}} 116
2002 36th World Scout Conference ThessalonikiGreece}} 125
2005 37th World Scout Conference HammametTunisia}} 122Hong Kong}}
2008 38th World Scout Conference Jeju-doSouth Korea}} 150
2011 39th World Scout Conference CuritibaBrazil}} 138Australia}}, {{flag|Hong Kong}},{{flag|Switzerland}}
2014 40th World Scout Conference LjubljanaSlovenia}} 143Italy}}
2017 41st World Scout Conference BakuAzerbaijan}} 169[12]Malaysia}}
2020 42nd World Scout Conference Sharm El SheikhEgypt}}Malaysia}}

World Scout Committee

The World Scout Committee is the executive body of the World Scout Conference and is composed of elected volunteers. The World Scout Committee represents World Scout Conference between the meetings of the full conference. The World Scout Committee is responsible for the implementation of the resolutions of the World Scout Conference and for acting on its behalf between its meetings. The Committee meets twice a year, usually in Geneva. Its Steering Committee, consisting of the Chairman, two Vice-Chairmen, a Youth Advisor and the Secretary General, meet as needed.[13]

The Committee has 15 members. Twelve, each from a different country, are elected for three-year terms by the World Scout Conference. The members, elected without regard to their nationality, represent the interests of the movement as a whole, not those of their country. The Secretary General, the Treasurer of WOSM and a representative member of the board of the World Scout Foundation are ex-officio members of the Committee. The chairmen of the regional Scout committees participate in the World Scout Committee meetings in a consultative capacity.[18]

The World Scout Committee has set up work streams to address the top strategic priorities, as defined by the World Scout Conference, which at present include:

  • Youth involvement
  • Volunteers in Scouting
  • Scouting's profile (communications, partnerships, resources)

Standing committees include:

  • Audit
  • Budget
  • Constitutions
  • Honours and Awards
  • Working With Others- a consultative committee of the WOSM and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), composed of members of the World Committee/World Board of both organizations
  • 2007 Task Force for the 100th Anniversary of Scouting, composed of members of the World Scout Committee, World Scout Bureau, World Scout Foundation, and The Scout Association of the United Kingdom

Current members 2017-2020

Name[14][15]CountryTerm to*
Craig TurpieChairman, United Kingdom2020
Jemima NarteyVice-Chair, Ghana2020
Andy ChapmanVice-Chair, United States2020
Mehdi Ben KhelilTunisia2020
Peter BlatchAustralia2020
Jo DemanBelgium2020
Janaprith FernandoSri Lanka2020
Ilyas IsmayilliAzerbaijan2020
Sarah Rita KattanLebanon2020
Leonardo Morales MoralesCosta Rica2020
Pia Melin MortensenDenmark2020
Juan ReigSpain2020
Ahmad AlhendawiSecretary General, WOSM[16]
Joseph LauTreasurer, Hong Kong
Héctor Robledo CervantesChairman Elect WSF, México
  • Note: The World Scout Conference in 2008 decided that, starting at the World Conference in 2011, elected members will serve for only three years, but be eligible for re-election for one additional term.

Bronze Wolf Award

The Bronze Wolf Award is the only distinction awarded by WOSM, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. It was first awarded to Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell by a unanimous decision of the then-International Committee on the day of the institution of the Bronze Wolf in Stockholm in 1935.

World Scout Bureau

The World Scout Bureau (WSB, formerly the International Bureau) is the secretariat that carries out the instructions of the World Scout Conference and the World Scout Committee. The WSB is administered by the secretary general, who is supported by a small staff of technical resource personnel. The bureau staff helps associations improve and broaden their Scouting by training professionals and volunteers, establishing finance policies and money-raising techniques, improving community facilities and procedures, and assisting in marshaling the national resources of each country behind Scouting.[17]

The staff also helps arrange global events such as the World Scout Jamborees, encourages regional events, and acts as a liaison between the Scouting Movement and other international organizations. A major effort in the emerging nations is the extension of the universal Good Turn into an organization-wide effort for community development.[18]

Location

The Bureau was first established in London, England in 1920 and moved to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in 1959. The International Conference directed the move of the Bureau from Ottawa to Geneva on 1 May 1968.[19] In August 2013, WOSM announced the relocation of the World Scout Bureau Central Office (WSB-CO) to Kuala Lumpur where it is now located.[20]

Leadership

This list includes Secretaries General and their deputies from the World Organization of the Scout Movement and members of the World Scout Bureau. From 1920 to 1968, this function was called Director.

  • Director 1920-1938: Hubert S. Martin
  • Director 1938-1951: John Skinner Wilson
    • Deputy Secretary General: Daniel Spry
  • Director 1951-1965: Daniel Spry
  • Director 1965-1968: Richard T. Lund
  • Secretary General 1968-1988: László Nagy
  • Secretary General 1988-2004: Jacques Moreillon
    • Deputy Secretary General 1991-2004: Malek Gabr
    • Deputy Secretary General 1991-2004: Luc Panissod
  • Secretary General 2004-2007: Eduardo Missoni
    • Deputy Secretary General 2004-2007: Dominique Bénard
    • Deputy Secretary General 2004-2007: Luc Panissod
  • Secretary General 2007-2012: Luc Panissod
  • Secretary General 2013-2016: Scott Teare
  • Secretary General (appointed) from March 2017: Ahmad Alhendawi[2][3]

World Scout Centres

{{unreferenced section|date=May 2018}}

World Scout Centre is a brand of the WOSM but the two World Scout Centres are operated by regional divisions of WOSM and an independent body:

  • Kandersteg International Scout Centre in Switzerland, operated by the Scouts International Home association.[21]
  • Cairo International Scout Centre in Egypt, operated by the Arab Region.

World Scout programmes

The Better World Framework combines the Scouts of the World Award, Messengers of Peace and World Scout Environment Programmes as programme initiatives administered by the World Scout Bureau.

[22]

World Scout Emblem

The WOSM emblem and membership badge is the World Scout Emblem, a purple, circular logo with a fleur-de-lis in the center, surrounded by a length of rope tied with a reef knot (also called a square knot). Baden-Powell used a fleur-de-lis badge awarded to British Army scouts and subsequently adopted and modified the badge for Scouting. The arrowhead represents the North point on a compass, and is intended to point Scouts on the path to service and unity. The three points on the fleur-de-lis represent the three parts of the Scout Promise: - service to others, duty to God and obedience to the Scout Law.[23] The two five-point stars stand for truth and knowledge, with the ten points representing the ten points of the Scout Law. The bond at the base of the fleur-de-lis symbolizes the family of Scouting. The encircling rope symbolizes the unity and family of the World Scout Movement.

Recognition of non-national Scouting organizations

The needs of Scout youth in unusual situations has created some interesting permutations, answerable directly to the World Scout Bureau. These permutations fall generally into three categories:

  • "National" Movements not operating within the boundaries of their original homelands, such as the Russian and Armenian exile groups;[10]
  • Small, non-voting associations basically viewed by the BSIB as "councils", such as the Boy Scouts of the United Nations and the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone[24]
  • The less well-known directly registered "mixed-nationality Troops".

Both the Boy Scouts of United Nations and the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone have long since disbanded, and the only remaining directly registered Troop is the International Boy Scouts, Troop 1 located in Yokohama, Japan.

In addition to these three groups a temporary recognition was extended by the BSIB to Scouts in displaced persons camps after World War II. In 1947 at the 11th International Conference the "Displaced Persons Division" of the BSIB was established to register and support Scouts in displaced person camps in Austria, Northern Italy, and Germany.[25] These Scouts did not receive the right of membership in the Boy Scouts International Conference but gained recognition as Scouts under the protection of the Bureau until they took up residense in a country that had a recognized National Scouting Organization, which they then could join.[26] The D.P. Division was closed on 30 June 1950.[27]

The International Conference of the Boy Scout Movement decided to admit and recognise the exile Russian Scout group as the "Representatives of Russian Scouting in Foreign Countries" on 30 August 1922 and the Armenian Scouts in France were recognized as a "National Movement on Foreign Soil" on 30 April 1929.[10]

The Boy Scouts of the United Nations began in 1945, and for years there was an active Boy Scouts of the United Nations with several troops at Parkway Village in New York City, with but 14 members in 1959.

The International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone, a group in Panama with Scouts that claimed British and not Panamanian nationality was originally placed under the American Scouting overseas of the BSA but, in 1947, was transferred under the International Bureau. In 1957 the group had over 900 members and existed as a directly registered group until the late 60s.

The third category in the directly registered groups, the "mixed-nationality troops", were registered after discussions concerning such troops took place at the 3rd International Conference of 1924[28] at which the BSIB was authorized to directly register such groups. It seems that the discussion at the 1924 International Conference was, at least in part, prompted by a letter to Baden-Powell from the Scoutmaster of one such troop in Yokohama, Japan.[29] Janning's troop became the first troop directly registered by the BSIB.[30] Only a few troops were directly registered as soon the practice was discontinued and new "mixed" groups were encouraged to join the National Scout Association of their country of residence. In 1955 only two such groups were still active, a troop in Iraq that disbanded that year,[31] and the first group to be registered, the International Troop 1 in Yokohama.[32] The international troop in Yokohama is the only remaining active troop of the small group of the originally directly registered mixed-nationality troops.[33]

Publications

Publications of WOSM include:

  • Scouting 'Round the World: a book updated every three years with details on all WOSM member organizations;
  • WorldInfo: a monthly circular distributed in electronic format with the help of Scoutnet.

See also

  • List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members
  • J. S. Wilson
  • László Nagy
  • Scouts of the World Award

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web |date=10 January 2019 |archivedate=10 January 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110080035/https://www.scout.org/node/520301 |title=Vietnam Rejoins Scout Movement, Growing Membership To 170 Strong |url=https://www.scout.org/node/520301}}
2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.scout.org/nextsgannouncement|title=Next Secretary General - World Organization of the Scout Movement|website=www.scout.org|access-date=2016-11-15}}
3. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2016/11/alhendawi-announces-departure-position-set-join-world-organization-scout-movement-secretary-general|title=Alhendawi announces departure - Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth|website=www.un.org|access-date=2016-11-15}}
4. ^{{cite web |title=National Scout Organizations |publisher=World Organization of the Scout Movement |url=https://www.scout.org/worldwide |accessdate=2 November 2018}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Constitution of the World Organization of the Scout Movement |date=January 2011 |page=3 |publisher=World Organization of the Scout Movement |url=http://scout.org/sites/default/files/library_files/WOSM_Constitution_EN.pdf |format=PDF}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |last=Colquhoun, OBE |first=John Frederick |authorlink=John Frederick Colquhoun |title=Running a Scout Group |year=1954 |publisher=The Boy Scouts Association |location=London UK| pages=198 |quote="the first International Conference was held in Paris in 1922, when Great Britain became one of the founder-members of the world organization."}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scout.org/mission |deadurl=no |year=2017 |accessdate=6 December 2017 |archivedate=6 December 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206111742/https://www.scout.org/mission |publisher=World Organization of the Scout Movement |title=Mission |df=dmy-all}}
8. ^{{cite web |deadurl=yes |archivedate=29 June 2009 |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090629035914/http://www.scout.org/en/about_scouting/mission_vision |df=dmy-all |url=http://www.scout.org/en/about_scouting/mission_vision |year=2007 |title=The Mission of Scouting |publisher=World Organization of the Scout Movement |accessdate=30 May 2007}}
9. ^{{cite web |year=2016 |url= https://www.scout.org/un |title=WOSM and the UN |publisher=World Organization of the Scout Movement}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Kroonenberg |first=Piet J. |authorlink=Piet J. Kroonenberg |title=The Undaunted|isbn=9780974647906 |edition=Integral Internet Edition, November 2011 |chapter=Chapter 2: International Scouting: Refugees, Displaced Persons and Exile Scouting |url=https://www.scouting.nl/downloads/referentiebibliotheek/historie/piet-j-kroonenberg/2338-undaunted/file}}
11. ^Laszlo Nagy (1921 - 2009) / Secretary General / World Bureau / Governance / Our Organisation / Home - World Organization of the Scout Movement {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926120551/http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/governance/world_bureau/secretary_general/laszlo_nagy |date=26 September 2009 }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.scout.org/node/366936|title=World Scouting Welcomes the Iraq Scout Association|publisher=World Scouting}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/international/worldscouting.aspx|work=WOSM World Scouting|title=World Scout Committee|accessdate=1 January 2012}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.wsc2017.az/news/craig-turpie-is-the-chairperson-of-the-wsc-2017-2020/ |deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818094009/http://www.wsc2017.az/news/craig-turpie-is-the-chairperson-of-the-wsc-2017-2020/ |location=Azerbaijan |date=18 August 2017 |archivedate=18 August 2017 |accessdate=18 August 2017 |publisher=World Scout Conference |title=Craig Turpie is the Chairperson of the WSC 2017-2020}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/sports/117736.html|title=World Scout Conference continues its work in Baku|last=Ismayilova|first=Laman|date=17 August 2018|work=AzerNews.az|location=Azerbaijan|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817095516/https://www.azernews.az/sports/117736.html|archivedate=17 August 2017|deadurl=no|accessdate=17 August 2017}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.scout.org/10thsgannouncement|title=Next Secretary General Announced|date=11 November 2016|publisher=World Organization of the Scout Movement|accessdate=11 November 2016}}
17. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.scouting.org/international/worldscout.html|work=WOSM World Scouting|title=World Scouting|accessdate=2 February 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051224111016/http://www.scouting.org/international/worldscout.html|archivedate=24 December 2005|df=dmy-all}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scouting.org/Media/FactSheets/02-505.aspx|work=WOSM World Scouting|title=World Scout Bureau fact sheet|accessdate=2 February 2006}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/governance/world_bureau|work=WOSM World Scout Bureau|title=History and Location|accessdate=1 September 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806172626/http://scout.org/en/our_organisation/governance/world_bureau|archivedate=6 August 2013|df=dmy-all}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://scout.org/en/content/download/34284/312108/file/Circular%2021-2013%20EN.pdf|work=WOSM Circular N° 20/2013|title=World Scout Bureau - Relocation of Central Office|accessdate=11 September 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919090636/http://www.scout.org/en/content/download/34284/312108/file/Circular%2021-2013%20EN.pdf|archivedate=19 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.scout.org/kisc|title=Kandersteg International Scout Centre|website=www.scout.org|language=en|access-date=2018-05-17}}
22. ^{{cite web|format = pdf |page=2 |url=https://scout.org/sites/default/files/news_files/2015-07-31%20Media%20Release%20-%20World%20Scout%20Programmes_0.pdf |title=Launched: World Scouting-UNESCO World Heritage Recognition Initiative, Messengers of Peace Programme at the 23rd World Scout Jamboree |publisher = WOSM }}
23. ^{{cite web |title=The World Membership Badge |publisher=The Scout Association |date=16 May 2006 |url=http://members.scouts.org.uk/factsheets/FS260016.pdf}}
24. ^{{cite book| last = Wilson| first = John S.| authorlink = J. S. Wilson| title = Scouting Round the World| edition = first| year = 1959| publisher = Blandford Press| location = London| pages = 134| chapter = The International Bureau Goes on the Road| quote = "At Balboa we met up with Gunnar Berg and Ray Wyland of the B.S.A., also on their way to Bogota, and had a conference about the question of coloured Scouts in the Canal Zone, who claim British and not Panamanian nationality. It was agreed that they should be taken under the wing of the Canal Zone Council of the Boy Scouts of America, but ten years later they were transferred directly under the International Bureau as the International Boy Scouts of the Canal Zone." }}
25. ^{{cite book|last=Kroonenberg|first=Piet J.|authorlink=Piet J. Kroonenberg|title=The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe|publisher=Oriole International Publications|location=Geneva|year=1998|pages=42–43|isbn=2-88052-003-7}}
26. ^{{cite book|last=Kroonenberg|first=Piet J.|authorlink=Piet J. Kroonenberg|title=The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe|publisher=Oriole International Publications|location=Geneva|year=1998|pages=43–46|isbn=2-88052-003-7}}
27. ^{{cite book|last=Kroonenberg|first=Piet J.|authorlink=Piet J. Kroonenberg|title=The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe|publisher=Oriole International Publications|location=Geneva|year=1998|pages=45–46|isbn=2-88052-003-7}}
28. ^{{cite web|last=1948 Letter from J. S. Wilson|first=BSIB Deputy Director|title=Historical Documents|url=http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html|publisher=International Boy Scouts|accessdate=30 January 2013}}
29. ^{{cite web|last=1967 Letter from Jos. Janning|first=IBS Scoutmaster|title=Historical Documents|url=http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html|publisher=International Boy Scouts|accessdate=30 January 2013}}
30. ^{{cite web|last=1955 Letter from R.T. Lund|first=BSIB Deputy Director|title=Historical Documents|url=http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html|publisher=International Boy Scouts|accessdate=30 January 2013}}
31. ^{{cite web|last=1950 Letter from R.T. Lund|first=BSIB Deputy Director|title=Historical Documents|url=http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html|publisher=International Boy Scouts|accessdate=30 January 2013}}
32. ^{{cite web|last=1972 Letter from BSIS Kentropp|first=BSIB Public Relations|title=Historical Documents|url=http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html|publisher=International Boy Scouts|accessdate=30 January 2013}}
33. ^{{cite web|last=1956 Letter from R.T. Lund|first=BSIB Deputy Director|title=Historical Documents|url=http://www.troop1.net/history/historical_docs.html|publisher=International Boy Scouts|accessdate=30 January 2013}}

Further reading

  • Facts on World Scouting, Boy Scouts International Bureau, Ottawa, Canada, 1961
  • Laszlo Nagy, 250 Million Scouts, The World Scout Foundation and Dartnell Publishers, 1985
  • Eduard Vallory, "World Scouting: Educating for Global Citizenship", Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2012

External links

  • [https://www.scout.org/governance World Scout Conference & World Scout Committee]
  • [https://www.scout.org/wsb World Scout Bureau & Secretary General of the World Organisation of the Scout Movement]
  • World Scout Shops
{{WOSM|regions}}{{scouting|movement}}{{Authority control}}{{commons category|World Organization of the Scout Movement}}

6 : Youth organizations established in 1922|World Organization of the Scout Movement|International Scouting organizations|Organizations with general consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council|Organisations based in Geneva|International nongovernmental youth organizations
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