| 词条 | Copper(II) chlorate |
| 释义 |
| ImageFile = | ImageSize = | ImageAlt = | IUPACName = Copper(2+) chlorate hydrate (1:2:4) | OtherNames = Copper(II) chlorate; Cupric chlorate | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | index1_label = anhydrous | index2_label = hexahydrate | index3_label = hexahydrate | CASNo = 135821-00-0 | PubChem = 3083246 | PubChem1 = 3014850 | CASNo1 = 26506-47-8 | CASNo2 = 13478-36-9 | CASNo3 = 14721-21-2 | EC_number = 238-767-0 | UNII1 = 242533NAM2 | UNNumber = 2721 | UNII2 = TVV0TW380J | InChI1=1S/2ClHO3.Cu/c2*2-1(3)4;/h2*(H,2,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2 | InChIKey1 = IJCCOEGCVILSMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L | StdInChI=1S/2ClHO3.Cu.4H2O/c2*2-1(3)4;;;;;/h2*(H,2,3,4);;4*1H2/q;;+2;;;;/p-2 | StdInChIKey = VPXMBRBPUORXKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L | SMILES = O.O.O.O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[Cu+2] | ChemSpiderID = 2340508 }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = Cu(ClO3)2•4H2O | MolarMass = 302.509 | Appearance = Light blue | Density = 2.26 g cm−3 | MeltingPt = 73 °C | BoilingPt = decomposes | Solubility = highly water-soluble }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | Structure_ref =[1] | CrystalStruct = Orthorhombic | SpaceGroup = Pcab | PointGroup = mmm | LattConst_a = 12.924 | LattConst_b = 9.502 | LattConst_c = 7.233 | LattConst_ref =[2] | LattConst_Comment = Å | UnitCellVolume = 888.3Å3 | UnitCellFormulas = 3 | Coordination = distorted octahedral | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = oxidiser | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = }} }} Copper(II) chlorate is a chemical compound of the transition metal copper and the chlorate anion with basic formula Cu(ClO3)2. Copper chlorate is an oxidiser.[2] It commonly crystallizes with four molecules of water. ProductionCopper chlorate can be made by combining a hot one molar solution of copper sulfate, with barium chlorate, which results in the precipitation of barium sulfate. When the solution is filtered, cooled and evaporated under a vacuum blue crystals form.[3] CuSO4 + Ba(ClO3)2 → Cu(ClO3)2 + BaSO4(s) PropertiesIn 1902 A Meusser investigated solubility of copper chlorate. He found that it melted and started decomposing above 73 °C giving off chlorine.[4] Hexaaquacopper(II) chlorate Cu(ClO3)2•6H2O has a molecular weight of 338.54 and melts at 65 °C. Its solubility in water in g/100ml at different temperatures: 141 (0 °C) 164.4 (18 °C) 195.6 (45 °C) 332 (70 °C) g/100ml. It also dissolves in acetone and ethanol[5] Tetraaquacopper(II) chlorate has an orthorhombic crystal structure with cell dimensions a=12.924 b=9.502 c=7.233 Å, V = 888.3Å3, Density = 2.26 g cm-3.[6] Each copper atom is octahedrally coordinated, surrounded by four oxygen atoms of water, and two oxygen atoms from chlorate groups, which are opposite each other. Water is closer to the copper than clorate, 1.944 Å compared to 2.396 Å, exhibiting the Jahn-Teller effect. The chlorate groups take the shape of a distorted tetrahedron. In chlorate at {{Convert|298|K|C}} the chlorine oxygen distances are 1.498, 1.488 and 1.468 Å, with the longest being the oxygen next to copper. The ∠O-Cu-O (angle subtended at copper by oxygen atoms) is 105.2°, 108.3°, and 106.8°. At lower temperatures {{convert|233|K|C}} the water molecules and copper-chlorate distance shrink.[6] Tetraaquacopper(II) chlorate solubility in water -31 °C 54.59 -21° 57.12 0.8° 58.51 18° 62.17 45° 66.17 59.6° 69.42 71° 76.9 g/100ml of solution A saturated water solution at 18° has a density of 1.695 g·cm−3.[7][8] Copper chlorate decomposes when heated, giving off a yellow gas, which contains chlorine, oxygen and chlorine dioxide.[9] A green solid is left that is a basic copper salt.[10] 2Cu(ClO3)2 → 2CuO + Cl2 + 3O2 + 2ClO2 Sulfur is highly reactive with copper chlorate, and it is important not to cross contaminate these chemicals, for example in pyrotechnic making.[11] UseFrançois-Marie Chertier used tetrammine copper chlorate to colour flames blue in 1843. This material was abbreviated TACC with formula Cu(NH3)4(ClO3)2. TACC explodes on impact.[12] The substance became known as Chertier'c copper for use in blue coloured pyrotechnics.[13] However its deliquescence causes a problem.[14] Mixtures with other metal salts can yield violet or lilac colours also.[15] It has also been used to colour copper brown.[16] References1. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.17188/1286535|journal=Materials Project|title=CuH8(ClO5)2}} {{copper compounds}}2. ^{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Richard J.|title=Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference|date=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470334454|page=384|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=q-6-fCfskYMC&pg=PA384|language=en}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Suhara|first1=Masahiko|title=The Temperature Dependence of the Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance of 35Cl in KClO3, AgClO3, Ba(ClO3)2·H2 O, and Cu(ClO3) 2·6H2O|journal=Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan|date=April 1973|volume=46|issue=4|pages=1053–1055|doi=10.1246/bcsj.46.1053}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Meusser|first1=A.|title=Metallchlorate. Studien über die Löslichkeit der Salze. X|journal=Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft|date=April 1902|volume=35|issue=2|pages=1414–1424|doi=10.1002/cber.19020350240}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=copper(II) chlorate hexahydrate|url=http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=7986|website=chemister.ru|language=en}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Blackburn|first1=A. C.|last2=Gallucci|first2=J. C.|last3=Gerkin|first3=R. E.|title=Structure of tetraaquacopper(II) chlorate at 296 and 223 K|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B|date=1 August 1991|volume=B47|pages=474–479|issn=0108-7681|pmid=1930830|doi=10.1107/S0108768191000435}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Seidell|first1=Atherton|title=A. Solubilities of inorganic and organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1.|date=1919|publisher=D. Van Nostrand Company|location=New York|page=264|edition=2|url=http://scans.library.utoronto.ca/pdf/1/2/2ndsolubilitieso00seiduoft/2ndsolubilitieso00seiduoft_bw.pdf}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Woolley|first1=E. M.|last2=Miyamoto|first2=H.|last3=Salomon|first3=M.|title=Copper and Silver Halates|date=1990|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781483286051|url=https://srdata.nist.gov/solubility/IUPAC/SDS-44/SDS-44.pdf|language=en}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Rosenstiehl|first1=A.|title=The Theory of Formation of Aniline Black|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society|date=September 1876|volume=30|issue=165|page=311|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=PZowAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA311|location=London}} 10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Waechter|first1=M. Alexander|title=On the preparation and properties of certain chlorates|journal=Philosophical Magazine |series=3rd Series|date=30 April 2009|volume=25|issue=165|pages=235–237|doi=10.1080/14786444408644978}} 11. ^{{cite book|last1=Bretherick|first1=L.|title=Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards|date=1990|publisher=Butterworths|isbn=9780750601030|page=975|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=g98aAQAAMAAJ|language=en}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Kosanke|first1=K. L.|last2=Sturman|first2=Barry T.|last3=Winokur|first3=Robert M.|last4=Kosanke|first4=B. J.|title=Encyclopedic Dictionary of Pyrotechnics: (and Related Subjects)|date=2012|publisher=Journal of Pyrotechnics|isbn=9781889526218|page=1107|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=AK8zAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1107|language=en}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=Browne|first1=W. H.|title=The art of pyrotechny|date=1873|publisher=The Bazaar|location=London|page=35|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=AzsCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA35|language=en}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Thorpe|first1=Sir Thomas Edward|title=A Dictionary of Applied Chemistry|date=1924|publisher=Longmans, Green, and Company|page=520|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=NNgoAQAAMAAJ|language=en}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=Hiscox|first1=G. D.|title=Henley's twentieth century formulas, recipes and processes|date=1931|publisher=Рипол Классик|isbn=9785876347008|pages=609–610|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=aN4OAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA610|language=en}} 16. ^{{cite book|last1=Krause|first1=Hugo|title=Metal coloring and finishing: latest practical methods for coloring and finishing metals of all kinds|date=1938|publisher=Chemical publishing co. of N. Y., inc.|page=96|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=IYhRAAAAMAAJ|language=en}} 2 : Chlorates|Copper(Ⅱ) compounds |
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