| 词条 | Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt |
| 释义 |
| name = Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt | image = | birth_date = {{birth date|1830|12|29}} | birth_place = Staten Island, New York, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1882|04|02|1830|12|29}} | death_place = Manhattan, New York, U.S. | occupation = | nickname = Corneel | parents = Cornelius Vanderbilt Sophia Johnson | spouse = {{marriage|Ellen Williams |1856|1872|reason=her death}} | children = | relations = William Henry Vanderbilt (brother) }}Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt (December 29, 1830 – April 2, 1882) was an American member of the Vanderbilt family who after having a troubled relationship with his father, Cornelius Vanderbilt, eventually committed suicide at the age of 51.[1] Early lifeVanderbilt was born on Staten Island on December 29, 1830.{{refn|group=lower-alpha|He was referred to as Corneel or Corneil.[2]}} He was the second son of thirteen children born to first cousins Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794–1877) and Sophia Johnson Vanderbilt (1795–1868).[3][2] His siblings included Phebe Jane, Ethelinda, Eliza, William Henry "Billy", Emily Almira, Sophia Johnson, Maria Louisa, Frances Lavinia, George Washington I, Mary Alicia, Catherine Juliette, and George Washington Vanderbilt II.[2] Beginning when he was 18 years old, Corneel suffered from epilepsy, which his father interpreted as a sign of weakness.[3][4] Career{{Quote box| quote = In personal appearance Cornelius J. Vanderbilt did not exhibit any of the sturdy, rugged physical qualities which so greatly distinguished his father, the old Commodore. He had his stature alone, being over 6 feet in height but, in the middle of his life even, he was slender, poorly developed, and without physical energy, and as he grew older he began to stoop at the shoulders and to display the wanness and attenuation of features that usually betray the consumptive tendency. His features, unlike the Commodores, were delicate, and by no means strongly marked.[1]| source = C. J. Vanderbilt Obituary, April 3, 1882, The New York Times| width = 50%| align = right}}On March 4, 1849, young Vanderbilt departed on a ship headed for San Francisco around Cape Horn to work as a crewman. Upon arrival in San Francisco, he abandoned the ship and spent all his money. When he ran out, he tried to charge his expenses to his father, who became livid and interpreted Corneel's actions as a sign of insanity. When Corneel returned to New York in November 1849, his father had him arrested and committed to the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum in New York until February 1850.[4] After his release, he tried out several occupations, including law clerk, leather merchant, farmer, and revenue agent; all of which he was unsuccessful at.[2] He developed a gambling problem and reportedly used the Vanderbilt name and his considerable charm to borrow money, usually without paying them back. In particular, he obtained significant loans from Horace Greeley, the editor of the New York Tribune who was a long-time friend.[4] Corneel was also close friends with Schuyler Colfax, who later became the 17th Vice President of the United States under Ulysses S. Grant.[5] In January 1854, the elder Cornelius again had Corneel arrested and committed to the asylum on the grounds of "confusion" and "loose habits." The doctor at the asylum reportedly told Corneel, "I am satisfied that you are no more crazy than I am," and let him go home.[6] His elder brother William told him that they were trying to get him committed to the Asylum in order to avoid Corneel being charged criminally for his acts of forgery, to which Corneel reportedly replied that he would rather be considered a damn rascal than a lunatic.[7] Personal lifeIn 1856, he married Ellen Williams (1820–1872) of Hartford, Connecticut, the daughter of a minister. The marriage was reportedly the only thing in Corneel's life that pleased his father; however, they did not have any children.[1] With funds from his allowance,[16]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|The Commodore gave Corneel an allowance of $200 a week.[5]}} Corneel set up a fruit farm in East Hartford, Connecticut, but was unable to make the farm solvent, and had to file for bankruptcy in 1868.[4] After his mother's death in 1868, and the death of his wife in 1872, Vanderbilt "took up with George Terry, an unmarried hotel keeper whom Corneil considered 'my dearest friend,'"[2] Vanderbilt biographer T. J. Stiles has questioned whether the two may have been lovers, which the elder Cornelius may have suspected. Their letters between each other were intense, including a letter where Vanderbilt writes:[2] "Oh! George I cannot give you up. You must not desert me now, but must be brave & patient, and give me encouragement and hope for the future."[2] Terry met with the Commmodore in December 1873 about a business proposition in Toledo, Ohio, to which he replied: "Mr. Terry, if you go to Toledo, what will become of Corneil?"[2] Father's estateUpon his father's death in 1877, his elder brother William inherited the vast majority of the Vanderbilt estate and holdings (around $100,000,000), becoming the wealthiest man in the United States.[8] According to his father's will, Corneel was only to inherit the income from $200,000 in U.S. Bonds held in trust (receiving 5% interest),[8] which was distributed by trustees who were cautioned to oversee his behavior.[7] Additionally, should Corneel try to advance funds from the Trust, he would lose it altogether.[9] After a lengthy court battle,[10][11][12][13][14] William eventually paid Corneel an extra $600,000 ($200,000 in cash and $400,000 in additional trust) allowing him to pay off his debts,[15] including to the estate of the late Horace Greeley, which aggregated to approximately $61,000 including interest.[4] According to his obituary, "almost immediately after the settlement Cornelius J. went to Europe, accompanied by his particular friend, Mr. Terry, and remained abroad over six months."[1] The Commodore had purchased a 110 acre West Hartford estate in 1857 as a place for his Corneel to live. The land was not developed, and after the death of Corneel's wife in 1872, the Commodore sold the property. In 1879, two years after the elder Cornelius' death, Corneel repurchased the estate.[16] After Corneel owned the estate, he built a 30 room home mansion, designed by John C. Mead, on the land.[17] 1882 suicideOn April 2, 1882, reportedly after a night spent at a gambling house,[18] the 51-year-old Vanderbilt took his own life at the Glenham Hotel on Fifth Avenue in New York City.[1][19] He was discovered in his fifth floor room, number 80, by Terry, who was referred to in Vanderbilt's obituary as "his friend and constant companion."[8] Terry was staying in an adjourning room, number 79, and reportedly rushed through the connecting door to Corneel's room upon hearing the gun shot that killed Vanderbilt.[1] Vanderbilt left his recently finished mansion in Hartford, which he was supposed to move into a few weeks later, to his dearest friend Terry.[17][20] Terry sold the estate, which was subdivided into 32 building lots. The mansion was torn down in 1918, and today is the West Hill Historic District[16][21][22] References
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|title=Suicide of C.J. Vanderbilt; He Shoots Himself in the Head in the Glenham Hotel {{!}} William H. Vanderbilt, His Brother, at the Death-Bed--Judge E. O. Perrin Declaring that Ill-Health was the Occasion for the Act|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1882/04/03/103411510.pdf|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=The New York Times|date=3 April 1882}} 2. ^{{cite news|last1=Schriftgiesser|first1=Karl|title=THE STORY OF THE VANDERBILTS; A Family Portrait of Significance in American Social History THE VANDERBILT LEGEND: THE STORY OF THE VANDERBILT FAMILY, 1794-1940. By Wayne Andrews, 454 pp. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. $3.50. The Story of the Vanderbilts|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/01/26/85198644.pdf |accessdate=3 April 2018|work=The New York Times|date=January 26, 1941}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Renehan Jr.|first1=Edward J.|title=Commodore: The Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt|date=2009|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=9780465010301|pages=38-39|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oo-FsjHw4c4C&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38|accessdate=3 April 2018|language=en}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=Derbyshire|first1=Wyn|title=Six Tycoons: The Lives of John Jacob Astor, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Henry Ford and Joseph P. Kennedy|date=2009|publisher=Spiramus Press Ltd|isbn=9781904905851|page=37|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R8A8XeUWt_EC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37|accessdate=3 April 2018|language=en}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Clews|first1=Henry|title=Twenty-Eight Years in Wall Street|date=1888|publisher=Irving Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=juMZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP25&lpg=PP25|accessdate=3 April 2018|language=en}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Charles Fenno|last2=Flint|first2=Timothy|last3=Clark|first3=Lewis Gaylord|last4=Cornwallis|first4=Kinahan|last5=Agnew|first5=John Holmes|title=The Knickerbocker: Or, New-York Monthly Magazine|date=1860|page=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBoAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA602&lpg=PA602|accessdate=3 April 2018|language=en}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Stasz|first1=Clarice|title=The Vanderbilt Women: Dynasty of Wealth, Glamour and Tragedy|date=2000|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9781475923537|page=109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H0dqCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT109&lpg=PT109|accessdate=3 April 2018|language=en}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last1=Clark|first1=Frank|title=The Commodore Left Two Sons {{!}} AMERICAN HERITAGE|journal=American Heritage|date=April 1966|volume=17|issue=3|url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/commodore-left-two-sons|accessdate=3 April 2018|language=en}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Barmash|first1=Isadore|title=The Self-Made Man: Success and Stress-American Style|date=2003|publisher=Beard Books|isbn=9781587981586|pages=262-263|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bY58S1X-hwwC&pg=PA260&lpg=PA260|accessdate=3 April 2018|language=en}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Cornelius J. Vanderbilt's Suit.; the Other Side of the Story--a Rather Flimsy Basis to a Suit for $1,000,000 --What a Friend of William H. Vanderbilt Says.|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1877/05/01/81705340.pdf|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=The New York Times|date=1 May 1877}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=The Vanderbilt Millions.; Cornelius J. and His Money. a Vanishing Income and Accumulating Debts--Bankruptcy and Extravagance, Lending and Borrowing--High Life on Small Capital--Mr. Terry, the Companion of Cornelius, on the Stand--His Talks with the Commodore. After Recess.|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1877/12/29/81718768.pdf |accessdate=3 April 2018|work=The New York Times|date=29 December 1877}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Cornelius J. Vanderbilt's Suit.|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1878/12/17/80739991.pdf |accessdate=3 April 2018|work=The New York Times|date=17 December 1878}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=C.j. Vanderbilt's Suit.|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/01/16/81740710.pdf |accessdate=3 April 2018|work=The New York Times|date=January 16, 1879}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=The Vanderbilt Litigation.; Cornelius J. Vanderbilt's Suit Against His Brother William.|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1880/04/08/98893964.pdf |accessdate=3 April 2018|work=The New York Times|date=8 April 1880}} 15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|last1=Stiles|first1=T. J.|title=The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt|date=2009|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|isbn=9780375415425|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMe2nqbOeRkC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119|accessdate=3 April 2018|language=en}} 16. ^1 {{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=96001366}}|title=NRHP nomination for West Hill Historic District|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2014-12-06}} 17. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Clark|first1=Marlene|title=A Place Grand Enough For The Vanderbilts To Call Home|url=https://articles.courant.com/2008-03-12/news/0803110681_1_hartford-area-fortune-s-children-mansion|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=Hartford Courant|date=March 12, 2008|language=en}} 18. ^{{cite book|last1=Vanderbilt II|first1=Arthur T.|title=Fortune's Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt|date=1991|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=9780688103866|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPbJX288i-kC|accessdate=3 April 2018|language=en}} 19. ^{{cite web|last1=Medina|first1=Miriam|title=The History Box.com{{!}} Suicide Of C.J. Vanderbilt: Shoots Himself In The Head 1882| url=http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/society/articles/nycity_society_gossip_scandals_article0053.htm |website=www.thehistorybox.com |accessdate=3 April 2018 |date=May 22, 2012}} 20. ^{{cite news |title=Cornelius J. Vanderbilt's Will. |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1882/04/10/96859486.pdf |accessdate=3 April 2018 |work=The New York Times|date=10 April 1882}} 21. ^{{cite web|last1=Cohen|first1=Deb|title=Charmed, I’m Sure: West Hartford's West Hill Drive Historic District - We-Ha {{!}} West Hartford News|url=https://we-ha.com/charmed-im-sure-west-hartfords-west-hill-drive-historic-district/|website=we-ha.com|publisher=We-Ha {{!}} West Hartford News|accessdate=3 April 2018|date=20 November 2015}} 22. ^{{cite news|last1=Cohen|first1=Deb|title=West Hill Drive Historic District {{!}} The Front Door Project|url=https://www.thefrontdoorproject.com/2015/11/historic-doors/charmed-im-sure-west-hill-drive-historic-district/|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=www.thefrontdoorproject.com|date=November 20, 2015}}
External links
6 : 1830 births|1882 deaths|American people of Dutch descent|People from Staten Island|American gamblers|Vanderbilt family |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。