| 词条 | Countess Teresa Łubieńska |
| 释义 |
|name = Teresa Łubieńska |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_name = Teresa Skarżyńska |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1884|4|18}} |birth_place = Poland |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1957|5|25|1884|4|18}} |death_place = London, England |occupation = Polish Red Cross organiser, Resistance fighter, social activist }} Teresa Łubieńska, née Skarżyńska, a Polish countess, (born 18 April 1884 in Poland, died 25 May 1957 in London) was a social activist, resistance fighter – lieutenant in the Polish Underground Army – and survivor of two Nazi concentration camps. After World War II, she settled in England, where she worked on behalf of Nazi camp survivors. In May 1957 she was the victim of an unprovoked and fatal stabbing at London's Gloucester Road tube station. The assailant was never traced. BiographyBorn into a noble Polish family in South-eastern Poland, she was the daughter of Władysław Skarżyński and his wife, Dorota Gołębiowska.[1] Teresa was educated at an élite Catholic boarding school for girls, run by the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, in Jazłowiec in the Podole region.[2] In 1902 she married Count Edward Łubieński (1871–1919), a member of a once powerful clan and went to live on the family estate in Łaszów.[3] They had a son, Stanisław, born in 1906 followed by a daughter, Izabela, born in 1910.[4] There, Teresa became an active member of the Polish Red Cross and continued supporting the 14th Regiment of Jazlowiec Uhlans, an association dating from her school days.[5] She was widowed in 1919. Her son attended a military academy and passed out as a cavalry officer, later killed in the September campaign of 1939.[6] Early during the German occupation of Poland in World War II Teresa moved to Warsaw and lived at no. 6 Sierpnia Street. During the occupation, she organised assistance for the civilian population of the capital. Her flat was also the venue of clandestine meetings of the Polish resistance cells. In 1942, she was betrayed to the Nazi authorities, arrested and taken to the Pawiak prison for interrogation. From there, she was sent to Auschwitz concentration camp and later moved to Ravensbrück concentration camp where her death sentence was commuted owing to the timely intervention of the Swedish Red Cross. After liberation, Countess Łubieńska came to the United Kingdom along with thousands of other Displaced persons from German camps. She settled in London where she resumed her work on behalf of war-time prisoners and sought compensation for them. Countess Łubieńska was a close friend of World War II British agent, Krystyna Skarbek, also known as 'Christine Granville', who was murdered by a stalker and whose funeral she attended at Kensal Green Cemetery in June 1952.[7] Fatal attackCountess Teresa Łubieńska was stabbed five times on the evening of 24 May 1957 on the eastbound Piccadilly line platform at Gloucester Road, in an unprovoked attack on her way home from dinner with friends in Ealing. Until the previous stop at Earl's Court, she had been in the company of a Polish army chaplain, Fr. K. Krzyżanowski (himself a survivor of Dachau concentration camp). A few days before her death, she had told friends that she had been to the Police to tell them that she felt threatened and that her life could be at risk. The Police subsequently carried out 18,000 interviews in the course of their murder investigations.[8] Her death remains a mystery.[9] Countess Łubieńska died in St Mary Abbots Hospital, Kensington in the night of 25 May 1957. She was buried at Brompton Cemetery in London. References1. ^Polish genealogical site: http://www.sejm-wielki.pl/b/16.78.299 2. ^Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the BVM: http://niepokalanki.pl/old/index.php?op=en 3. ^in Polish: Brandys, Marian. Koniec świata szwoleżerów, volume 1, Czcigodni weterani, MG, Warsaw 2010. in this hugely popular history (first published by Iskra in 1972), about the post-campaign life of the light cavalry that had served in Napoleon's Russian campaign, the Łubieński family were prominent as magnates and industrialists 4. ^in Polish: Nejman, Halina. Szlachta Sieradzka – http://tpzw.zdunskawola.pl/files/herbarz/l-l.pdf an historical account of the nobility in the Sieradz area. 5. ^in Polish: Koło Ułanów Jazłowieckich, Dzieje Ułanów Jazłowieckich. Praca zbiorowa. Wyd., 'Odnowa', London, 1988. 416 pages. A history published by London-based veterans of the regiment 6. ^in Polish': Wesołowski, Andrzej. http://www.lomianki.info/document.php?did=375 7. ^Mulley, Clare. The Spy Who Loved: the Secrets and Lives of Christine Granville, Britain's First Female Special Agent of World War II, Macmillan, 2012; {{ISBN|978-1-4472-2565-2}}. 8. ^{{Citation | url =http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/761/637/107023843w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS68245780&dyn=8!xrn_8_0_CS68245780&hst_1?| title =18,000 Interviewed in Murder Hunt | journal =The Times| edition =53924|year =1957| page = 4| access-date = 9 April 2016}} 9. ^http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C6145391- reference MEPO 2/11010 External links
20 : Polish activists|Polish nobility|People from Warsaw|Nazi concentration camp survivors|Ravensbrück concentration camp survivors|Auschwitz concentration camp survivors|Polish people of World War II|Polish women in war|Women in World War II|Women in European warfare|Assassinations in the United Kingdom|1950s murders in the United Kingdom|Polish people murdered abroad|Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom|People murdered in London|Deaths by stabbing in England|Burials at Brompton Cemetery|1884 births|1957 deaths|1957 crimes in the United Kingdom |
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