| 词条 | Crank machine |
| 释义 |
The crank machine was a device which turned a crank by hand which in turn forced four large cups or ladles through sand inside a drum, doing nothing useful. The crank machine is a historical form of penal labour used in England. The prisoner would typically be forced to do 6,000–14,400 revolutions over the period of six hours per day (1.5–3.6 seconds per revolution), and the warden could make the task harder by tightening an adjusting screw, hence the slang term "screw" for prison warden. The crank machine is no longer in use; in 1895 there were 29 crank machines in use, but by 1901 there were only 5.[1] In popular cultureThe television show Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt features a crank machine.[2] See also
References1. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Britannica editors|title=Britannica on the treadmill|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Britannica-on-the-treadmill-1998450#ref1205851|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=19 September 2016|ref={{sfnref|Britannica|1926}}|location=13th edition|date=1926}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2016/04/11/how_unbreakable_kimmy_schmidt_s_bunker_was_designed.html|title=How Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt’s Production Designers Dreamed Up That Apocalyptic Bunker|last=Bradley|first=Laura|date=2016-04-11|work=Slate|access-date=2018-03-13|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339}} Bibliography
2 : Ethically disputed judicial practices|Penal labour |
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