| 词条 | Wubbo Ockels |
| 释义 |
| name = Wubbo Ockels | image = Wubbo_Ockels_2007.jpg | caption = Wubbo Ockels in 2007 | type = ESA Astronaut | nationality = Dutch | birth_date = {{Birth date|1946|03|28|df=y}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2014|05|18|1946|03|28|df=y}} | birth_place = Almelo, Netherlands | death_place = Amsterdam, Netherlands | occupation = Physicist | selection = 1978 ESA Group | time = 7d 00h 44m | mission = STS-61-A | insignia = |}} Wubbo Johannes Ockels (28 March 1946 – 18 May 2014) was a Dutch physicist and an astronaut of the European Space Agency (ESA). In 1985 he participated in a flight on the Space Shuttle Challenger, STS-61-A, making him the first Dutch citizen in space. After his astronaut career, Ockels was professor of Aerospace for Sustainable Engineering and Technology at the Delft University of Technology. Education and early lifeOckels was born in Almelo, Netherlands, but considered Groningen to be his hometown. He obtained his MSc degree in physics and mathematics in 1973 and subsequently a PhD degree in the same subjects in 1978 from the University of Groningen. His thesis was based on experimental work at the Nuclear-physics Accelerator Institute (KVI) in Groningen. From 1973 to 1978, Ockels performed experimental investigations at the Nuclear Physics Accelerator Institute in Groningen. His work concerned the gamma-ray decay of nuclear systems directly after formation and the development of a data-handling system involving design of electronics and programming of real-time software. He also contributed to the design and construction of position-sensitive charged particle detectors. While at the K.V.I. Institute, Ockels supervised the practical work of first-year physics students at the University of Groningen. ESA careerIn 1978, he was selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) as one of three European payload specialists to train for the Spacelab 1 mission. In May 1980, under the terms of an agreement between ESA and NASA, Ockels and Swiss astronaut Claude Nicollier were selected to begin basic astronaut training for mission specialist together with the NASA astronaut candidates at NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas. Ockels successfully completed this training in August 1981. He rejoined the Spacelab 1 crew for training as a back-up payload specialist to operate experiments aboard Spacelab 1. This mission of a reusable, scientific research facility built by the European Space Agency (ESA) took place aboard the Space Shuttle in November 1983. Spacelab 1 was a joint NASA/ESA mission. He was the first Dutch citizen astronaut, not the first Dutch-born astronaut, as he is preceded by the naturalized American Lodewijk van den Berg, who flew on STS-51-B. Having served his role as back-up payload specialist for German astronaut Ulf Merbold, he took his place in Mission Control in Houston as the primary communicator between the astronauts working in Spacelab and the Mission Management Team in Houston. Ockels flew as a payload specialist on the crew of STS-61A Challenger (30 October to 6 November 1985). STS-61A was the West German D-1 Spacelab mission. It was the first to carry eight crew members, (five Americans, two Germans and Ockels); the largest to fly in space; and was also the first in which payload activities were controlled from outside the United States: from the DLR control center in Germany. More than 75 scientific experiments were completed in the areas of physiological sciences, materials science, biology, and navigation. At mission conclusion Ockels had traveled 2.5 million miles in 110 Earth orbits, and logged over 168 hours in space. A small planetoid was named after Wubbo Ockels by the International Astronomical Union. The planetoid orbits the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. The object's full name is 9496 Ockels. Ockels was a member of the American Physical Society and the European Physical Society. From 1999 to 2003, he was head of ESA's Office for Educational Projects Outreach Activities. Scientific careerIn 1992, Ockels was appointed part-time professor of aerospace engineering (in particular, Aerospace for Sustainable Engineering and Technology) at Delft University of Technology, and promoted to full-time professor in September 2003. In this function, he oversaw the Nuna projects. He also proposed the development of a Superbus, a new method of high speed (250 km/hour) public transportation by road. The public transportation company Connexxion was the first company to invest in the development of this Superbus.[1] Thanks to his work on the "Laddermill" sustainable energy program, he is considered one of the founders of the promising Airborne Wind Energy. As quoted from his Web site:[2] {{Quote | style=font-size:100%; | text=The LadderMill is the response to the challenge for exploiting the gigantic energy source contained in the airspace up to high altitudes of 10 km. The concept has been developed with the aim to convert wind energy at altitude in electricity on the ground in an environmental and cost effective manner.}}While working at the university he assisted and advised the Nuon Solar Team, a solar racer team consisting of students, which won the biannual World Solar Challenge four consecutive times from 2001 to 2007. Ockels was also the initiator of the Superbus project. In 2009, Ockels presented a talk arguing that the notion of time is human-constructed as a result of our interpretation of the effects of gravity.[3] Personal lifeOckels was married, had two children and two grandchildren. His sister Marjet Ockels (1943–2016) was a politician.[4] Indiepop band John Wayne Shot Me recorded a song called "Wubbo Ockels" for their album The Purple Hearted Youth Club.[5] Health and deathIn August 2005, Ockels suffered a severe heart attack, which required his hospitalization. He recovered well and was able to resume his work at the Delft University of Technology.[6] On 29 May 2013 it was announced that Ockels had an aggressive form of kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma) with a metastasis in his pleural cavity, and a life expectancy of one to two years.[7] He died from complications of cancer on 18 May 2014.[8] Honours
Notes1. ^TU Delft - Connexxion steekt geld in Superbus 2. ^Laddermill 3. ^http://www.tedxamsterdam.com/2009/video-wubbo-ockels-on-time-and-gravity/ 4. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.parlement.com/id/vk49garygxzc/nieuws/oud_pvda_dissidente_marjet_ockels |title=Oud-PvdA-dissidente Marjet Ockels overleden |language=Dutch |publisher=Parlement.com |date=19 May 2016 |accessdate=22 May 2016}} 5. ^[https://www.myspace.com/johnwayneshotme myspace.com] 6. ^News Former Dutch astronaut improving in hospital - News from the Netherlands - Expatica 7. ^{{nl icon}} Wubbo Ockels heeft agressieve vorm van nierkanker, Destentor.nl, 29 May 2013 8. ^{{nl icon}}Wubbo Ockels overleden, nos.nl, 18 May 2014 9. ^Lintje voor Wubbo Ockels - Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (Dutch newspaper), 18-11-1985 10. ^1 2 3 http://www.lr.tudelft.nl/en/current/latest-news/article/detail/in-memoriam-profdr-wubbo-ockels/ References
External links{{Portal|Sustainable development}}{{Commons category}}
19 : 1946 births|2014 deaths|Dutch aviators|Dutch academics|Dutch astronauts|Dutch physicists|Dutch engineers|Dutch television presenters|Deaths from kidney cancer|Deaths from cancer in the Netherlands|Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau|Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|People from Almelo|People from Groningen (city)|Delft University of Technology faculty|University of Groningen faculty|University of Groningen alumni|Hybrid electric vehicle advocates|Sustainability advocates |
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