| 词条 | Wuhan University | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Wuhan University |native_name = 武汉大学 |native_name_lang = zh-hans |image_name = Wuhan University Logo.png |image_size = 150px |motto = 自强 弘毅 求是 拓新[1] |motto_lang = zh-hans |mottoeng = Self-improvement, Perseverance, Truth-seeking, Innovation[2] |established = November 29, 1893 |type = National research university |president = Dou Xiankang |city = Wuhan |province = Hubei |country = China |students = 53,000 |faculty = 5,000 |campus = Urban, 5,600 mu (亩) |website = {{URL|www.whu.edu.cn}} |logo=Wuhan University logo with name.png |logo_size=280px }} Wuhan University (WHU; {{Lang-zh|s=武汉大学|t=武漢大學|p=Wǔhàn Dàxué}}; colloquially {{zh|labels=no |c=武大 |p=Wǔdà}}) is in Wuhan, Hubei.[3] It is one of the most prestigious and selective universities in China, which has been selected as a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University.[4] It was one of the four elite universities in the republican period[5]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=March 2019}} and also one of the oldest universities in China. In 1948, University of Oxford in the United Kingdom wrote to the Ministry of Education in China, confirming that undergraduate students at Wuhan University with degrees in liberal art and science, who had an average grade above 80 would be awarded "the senior status of Oxford". Wuhan university is located at Luojia Hill, with palatial buildings blending Chinese and Western styles. It is regarded by many as one of the most beautiful campuses[6] in China. Wuhan University has been perennially ranked among the top-tier universities in China. Nationally, it was ranked fourth[7] in 2016 and third[8] in 2017 due to its academic excellence. The university has many well-known research fields such as social and human science, remote sensing, surveying engineering, and hydraulic engineering which have been in the leading positions for decades. It is administered by the Ministry of Education of China and was selected by both Project 985 and Project 211 as a major receiver of state funding. So far, it is the only university in China to have been reported by the journal SCIENCE[9] due to its 125 years of academic excellence (1893–2018). HistoryThe university dates back to the Ziqiang Institute ({{zh|first=t |t=自強學堂 |s=自强学堂 |p=Zìqiáng Xuétáng}}), which was founded in 1893 by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei and Hunan provinces in the late Qing Dynasty.[10] It changed its name several times before it was named National Wuhan University in July 1928 and was among the first group of national universities in modern China. (There is a dispute on the establishment of Wuhan University: Some believe that its history should date back to 1913, when the National Wuchang Higher Normal College was founded.) In the early time of its establishment, Ziqiang Institute provided four courses: Chinese, Mathematics, Nature, and Business. After combining the Institute of Minerals and the Institute of Chemical, courses provided were enlarged, with Nature Science and Engineering added. Chinese was extended to English, French, German, Russian, and Japanese. In October 1902, Ziqiang Institute moved to Dongchang kou, Wuchang, and changed its name to Foreign Languages Institute ({{zh|labels=no |t=方言學堂}}), teaching Geography, History, Mathematics, Law, and Communication. With the approaching Xinhai Revolution of 1911, the Foreign Languages Institute was forced to pause due to lack of funding. In October, the Wuchang Uprising and the end of the Qing dynasty made it impossible for the school to go back to normal. The Foreign Languages Institute stopped running. In 1913, the Ministry of Education of Beiyang Government decided to found six higher normal colleges in China. Based on the original location, book resource, and faculties of Foreign Language Institute, the Wuchang State Superior Normal Institute ({{lang|zh-hant|國立武昌高等師範學院}}) was founded. In 1922, faculties were extended to Education Philosophy, Chinese, English, Mathematics, Physics and Chemical, History and Sociology, Biology, and Geography. In August 1923, the school changed its name to the National Wuchang Normal University ({{lang|zh-hant|國立武昌師範大學}}). In 1924, it changed its name to National Wuchang University ({{lang|zh-hant|國立武昌大學}}). In 1926, National Wuchang University merged with the Wuchang State Business University ({{lang|zh-hant|國立武昌商科大學}}), Hubei University of Medicine ({{lang|zh-hant|湖北省立醫科大學}}), Hubei University of Law ({{lang|zh-hant|湖北省立法科大學}}), Hubei Arts and Humanity University ({{lang|zh-hant|湖北省立文科大學}}), Wuchang Private Chinese University ({{lang|zh-hant|私立武昌中華大學}}) to form Wuchang Sun Yat-Sen State University ({{lang|zh-hant|國立武昌中山大學}}), alias No. 2 Sun Yat-Sen State University ({{lang|zh-hant|國立第二中山大學}}), with Department of University, and subjects of Arts, Science, Law, Business, Medicine and Yu ({{lang|zh-hant|文、理、法、經、醫、預}}), 17 faculties, 2 departments. In 1928, the National Government in Nanjing formed National Wuhan University ({{lang|zh-hant|國立武漢大學}}) on the basis of the original National Wuchang Sun Yat-Sen University, consisting of four colleges: Arts, Law, Science, and Engineering ({{lang|zh|文、法、理、工}}). In February 1929, the jurist Wang Shijie became the first president of Wuhan University. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Wuhan University moved to Leshan, Sichuan Province and returned to Luojia Hill after the war.[11][12] By the end of 1946, the university had six faculties: liberal arts, law, sciences, engineering, agriculture and medicine. Wuhan University enjoyed a very high academic status, with Wang Shijie, Wang Xinggong, and Zhou Gengsheng as its successive presidents.[12] Scholars such as Gu Hongming, Zhu Kezhen, Wu Baoliang, Zha Qian, Gui Zhiting, Ye Yage, Li Siguang, Wen Yiduo, Huang Kan, Yu Dafu, Shen Congwen, Zhu Guangqian, Liu Ze, Liu Yongji, Ye Shengtao, Yang Duanliu, and Li Jiannong taught here successively. According to the university, in 1948, the University of Oxford wrote an official letter to the Ministry of Education of the Chinese National Government, stating that Bachelors of liberal arts and sciences that graduated from Wuhan University with average grades above 80 could enjoy "the senior status of Oxford".[12][13] In 1952, after a general reshuffle of the colleges and departments of the higher education institutions throughout the country, Wuhan University became a university of liberal arts and sciences directly under the administration of the Ministry of Higher Education.[14] Professor Li Da, delegate to the First Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a celebrated philosopher, economist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, held the post of president of the university for 14 years. The Wuhan University School of Medicine and Tongji University Medical School jointly formed Central-south Tongji Medical College (later Wuhan Medical College), then Tongji Medical University.[12] MergerOn August 2, 2000, with the approval of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, the new Wuhan University was established as a combination of four major universities close together: the former Wuhan University, the former Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering (WUHEE), the former Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping (WTUSM), and the former Hubei Medical University (HBMU).[15] Note:
Historical names
AcademicsIn 2014, Wuhan University's student body consisted of 34,131 full-time undergraduates and 13,918 full-time master's degree candidates, 7,477 Ph.D candidates and 1,477 international students.[16] RankingsChinaWuhan University is ranked among the top 10 universities in China. In 2016, CUAA ranked it the 4th.[17] In 2015, CUAA ranked it the 4th[18] and Wu Shulian ranked it the 7th.[19] In 2014, CUAA ranked it the 5th[20] and Wu Shulian ranked it the 7th.[21] WorldIn 2019, QS World University Rankings ranked it 257th in the world and 9th in China.[22] In 2016, US News and World Report ranked it 251st in the world and 9th in China.[23] In 2015, Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked it between 301st-400th in the world[24] and 14th-27th in Greater China (including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan).[25] It came 351st-400th in the 2014 Times Higher Education World University Rankings where it ranked 10th in China.[26] Schools and colleges{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
CampusThe university has rolling physical features with the scenic Luojia Hill and the beautiful East Lake. Its campus is heavily wooded and green, with fragrant flowers everywhere year-round. Wuhan University is widely known as one of the most beautiful universities in China, especially for its cherry blossom garden. A cherry blossom festival is held every spring.[27] Most stylish old buildings were designed by F. H. Kales (1899–1979).[28] Educated in MIT, Kales was a pioneer to blend western architectural styles with traditional Chinese elements, which is most evident from his roof designs. Wuhan University boasts a campus covering an area of 5508 mu and has a floor area of 2.42 square kilometres. The university's libraries have a collection of approximately 5.4 million volumes and subscriptions to more than 10,000 Chinese and foreign periodicals.[29] CooperationWuhan University has established cooperative relationship with more than 300 universities and research institutes in over 40 countries and regions.
Art and culture
Notable alumni{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
IncidentsIn 2009, the university had been cited as part of a scandal involving corruption by its administrators.[37] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.whu.edu.cn/xxgk/xxsy.htm|script-title=zh:校训释义 |language=zh-hans |publisher=Wuhan U.|accessdate=July 14, 2014}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://en.whu.edu.cn/About_WHU1/Overview.htm|title=Overview|publisher=Wuhan U.|accessdate=April 22, 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.whu.edu.cn/info.php?rid=452|title=Overview|accessdate=October 27, 2012}} 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A22/moe_843/201709/t20170921_314942.html |script-title=zh:教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知 (Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines)}} 5. ^zh:民国四大名校 6. ^{{zh-hans}} Ten most beautiful campuses in China, No. 1 is Wuhan University. 7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cuaa.net/cur/2016/|script-title=zh:《2016中国大学评价研究报告》出炉 2016中国大学排行榜700强|via=www.cuaa.net}} 8. ^{ 9. ^{ 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://ems.whu.edu.cn/m/wdrwfc/2009-12-02/124.html |script-title=zh:武汉大学校园风貌|accessdate=12 09, 2011}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://w3.whu.edu.cn/cn/xxgk/xsda/index.htm |script-title=zh:校史档案|accessdate=12 09, 2011}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.whu.edu.cn/cn/xxgk/xsda/index.htm|title=History of Wuhan University.|author=|date=|website=whu.edu.cn|accessdate=5 April 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://manage.future.org.cn/article/53646.htm |script-title=zh:武大校史之信步杂谈|accessdate=June 28, 2012}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://gaokao.eol.cn/gxph_2922/20120914/t20120914_844626.shtml |script-title=zh:教育部直属高校改革发展成果展—武汉大学|accessdate=November 30, 2012}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.whiedu.com/html/England/VisaGuide/1445.html|title=Wuhan University (merger of Wuhan University, Wuhan University of Hydraulic & Electric Engineering, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying & Mapping, Hubei Medical University in 2000)|accessdate=November 30, 2012}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.whu.edu.cn/About_WHU1/Facts___Figures.htm|title=Facts & Figures|publisher=Wuhan University|accessdate=August 18, 2014}} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cuaa.net/cur/2016/|script-title=zh:《2016中国大学评价研究报告》出炉 2016中国大学排行榜700强|via=www.cuaa.net}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cuaa.net/cur/2015/index_700|script-title=zh:《2015中国大学评价研究报告》-2015中国大学排行榜700强揭晓|publisher=中国校友会网|accessdate=18 July 2015}} 19. ^{{Cite web |script-title=zh:武书连2015年中国大学排行榜_腾讯教育_腾讯网|url=http://edu.qq.com/zt2013/2013wsl/|website=edu.qq.com|access-date=2016-01-28}} 20. ^{{Cite web |script-title=zh:中国校友会网2014年中国大学排行榜-新浪教育|url=http://edu.sina.com.cn/gaokao/2014-03-27/1418413502.shtml|website=edu.sina.com.cn|access-date=2016-01-28}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://edu.sina.com.cn/gaokao/2014utop/ |script-title=zh:武书连2014年中国大学排行榜|publisher=新浪教育|accessdate=18 July 2015}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/wuhan-university|title=Wuhan University|date=2015-07-16|website=Top Universities|language=en|access-date=2019-03-05}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/wuhan-university-503252|title=Wuhan University|publisher=|accessdate=28 January 2016}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings/Wuhan-University.html|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015 - Wuhan University|publisher=Academic Ranking of World Universities|accessdate=28 January 2016}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2015.html|title=Ranking of Top Universities in Greater China - 2015|publisher=|accessdate=28 January 2016}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2014-15/world-ranking/region/asia|title=World University Rankings 2014-15: Asia|publisher=Times Higher Education|accessdate=October 2, 2014}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://scenery.cultural-china.com/en/157S11932S14596.html|title=Hubei:Wuhan University—Cherry blossom|accessdate=March 18, 2013}} 28. ^Sir Banister Fletcher's a history of architecture, Architectural Press, 1996. 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.whu.edu.cn/xxgk/ |script-title=zh:学校简介|accessdate=March 19, 2013}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iva.dk/english/aboutus/networksandcooperations/|title=Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi – Københavns Universitet|publisher=|accessdate=18 July 2015}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iva.dk/omiva/samarbejdemedwuhanuniversitet/|title=Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi – Københavns Universitet|publisher=|accessdate=18 July 2015}} 32. ^"Duke Names Senior Leadership for Its Campus in China", The Chronicle of Higher Education Sept 20, 2012 33. ^Duke Chronicle Wuhan steps in to sponsor China campus 34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602955/neural-network-learns-to-identify-criminals-by-their-faces/|title=A deep-learning machine was trained to spot criminals by looking at mugshots|first=Emerging Technology from the|last=arXiv|date=|website=technologyreview.com|accessdate=5 April 2018}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/426599/how-a-single-screen-can-show-several-interactive-perspectives/|title=How a Single Screen Can Show Several Interactive Perspectives|first=Emerging Technology from the|last=arXiv|date=|website=technologyreview.com|accessdate=5 April 2018}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/~xwu/|title=Xiaolin Wu|author=|date=|website=www.ece.mcmaster.ca|accessdate=5 April 2018}} 37. ^https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Chinese-education-minister-sacked-for-corruption/articleshow/5186401.cms?referral=PM External links{{Commons category|Wuhan University}}
9 : Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Hubei|Project 211|Project 985|Universities and colleges in Wuhan|Universities in China with English-medium medical schools|Vice-ministerial universities in China|Wuhan University|1893 establishments in China|Educational institutions established in 1893 |
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