“Crotalaria pallida”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

This shrub (annual or short-lived perennial herb) has height of about 1.5 m. The stout stem is hairy and has longitudinal grooves. Leaves are trifoliate with a 2-8.5 cm long petiole, leaflets 3-13 x 2–5 cm and elliptical to obovate. Flowers are yellow, often reddish-brown veined and borne on 15–40 cm long racemes, each with 20-30 flowers. Fruits are 3-5 x 0.6-0.8 cm, 30-40 seeded that are heart-shaped, 3 x 2 mm, shiny, mottled ochre and dark grey-green or brown.^[4]

Distribution

C. pallida is found in Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Indonesia, Sudan, Florida, Puerto Rico, Brazil^[3] and India.

Uses

The plant is grown as a ground cover and a green manure crop, especially in the inter-rows of rubber trees and coconut palms. Flowers are eaten as a vegetable in Cambodia, where the seeds are roasted and grounded for use as a sort of coffee beverage. The roots are sometimes chewed with betel nuts in Vietnam. In traditional medicine, the plant is used to treat urinary problems and fever, a poultice of the roots is applied to swelling of joints and an extract of the leaves is taken to expel intestinal worms.^[4]^[5]

Crotalaria mucronata Desv was reported to be widely used in the southern part of the U.S.A. as a green manure crop under the name “giant striata”.

Research

The egg and the body of Bella moth (Utetheisa ornatrix) contained toxic plant alkaloids acquired during the feeding at the caterpillar stage.^[6] The caterpillar fed mainly on Crotalaria. A plant alkaloid mucronatinine (C₁₈H₂₅NO₆) and two minor alkaloids were isolated from the seeds of C. mucronata.

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32573|title=Crotalaria pallida Aiton Accepted Name|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
2. ^¹{{Cite book|title=International Poisonous Plants Checklist|last=Jesse Wagstaff|first=D|date=2008-07-07|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781420062526|doi = 10.1201/9781420062533}}
3. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16160|title=Crotalaria pallida (smooth crotalaria)|website=www.cabi.org|language=en|access-date=2018-11-19}}
4. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/dna/organisms/details/523|title=Crotalaria pallida Aiton, 1789|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
5. ^Chong, K. Y., H. T. W. Tan & R. T. Corlett, 2009. A Checklist of the Total Vascular Plant Flora of Singapore: Native, Naturalised and Cultivated Species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 273 pp.
6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Dussourd|first=D. E.|last2=Ubik|first2=K.|last3=Harvis|first3=C.|last4=Resch|first4=J.|last5=Meinwald|first5=J.|last6=Eisner|first6=T.|date=1988-08-01|title=Biparental defensive endowment of eggs with acquired plant alkaloid in the moth Utetheisa ornatrix.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=85|issue=16|pages=5992–5996|doi=10.1073/pnas.85.16.5992|issn=0027-8424}}