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词条 Crown Firecoach
释义

  1. Background

  2. Design overview

      Mechanical Layout    Cab Design    Configurations  

  3. Discontinuation

  4. Variants

      Chassis-based apparatus  

  5. In popular culture

  6. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2016}}{{Infobox automobile|name = Crown Firecoach|image = Fire Truck, UC Davis.jpg|interiorimage = |alt = |caption = Retired Crown Firecoach in use as a parade vehicle by UC Davis Aggies"|type = Fire engine|manufacturer = Crown Coach Corporation|production = 1951–1985|assembly = Los Angeles, California|designer = Roy Hardy (1951)|body_style = |factory = |class = |chassis = |platform = |related = Crown Supercoach|layout = Mid-engine, rear-wheel drive (4x2)}}Crown Firecoach is a nameplate used for various types of firefighting apparatus manufactured and marketed by Crown Coach Corporation in Los Angeles, California from 1951 to 1985. Although sold primarily in the West Coast region of the United States (California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Arizona, and Nevada), other examples of the Firecoach were sold to fire departments in Hawaii, Illinois, and New Jersey, as well as in Mexico and Kuwait.[1]

Using the mid-engine chassis of the Crown Supercoach school bus as a basis, the Firecoach was produced in several configurations for fire departments. In addition, Crown Coach served as a second-stage manufacturer, producing fire apparatus bodies for a variety of customer-supplied chassis upon request.

Shortly after the sale of Crown Coach in 1979, the Firecoach line was discontinued in favor of bus manufacturing. In 1991, Crown ended operations altogether.

Background

The production of fire apparatus by Crown Coach can be traced back to World War II. As was the case with other vehicle manufacturers, all production was diverted towards the armed forces following the outbreak of the war. In the case of Crown Coach, the company was asked to produce fire engine bodies for a chassis produced by Ford/Marmon-Herrington.[1] In the postwar era, though Crown Coach concentrated its resources on updating its bus products (on what would become the 1949 Crown Supercoach school bus), the company built a few more chassis-based fire engines in the late 1940s.

In 1949, Crown engineer Roy Hardy (a former Mack executive) commenced work on a dedicated design for a company-produced fire engine. The Crown fire engine would compete with the recently-introduced American LaFrance 700 cab-forward fire engine, but built to Crown Coach standards and quality.[1] A key part of the design behind the new fire engine was adapting the chassis and front bodywork of the mid-engine Supercoach school bus for the vehicle.[2]

With the blessing of company president M.M. Brockway, construction of the first prototype was completed in 1951.[3] Taking on the name "Crown Firecoach" in relation to its configuration and its relation to the Supercoach bus, the Firecoach would remain a demonstration vehicle for two years, as Crown both completed its development and marketed it to potential customers.[1]

In 1965, following an increase in school bus production, Firecoach production was split into its own division within the company.[1][3]

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Design overview

As with its Supercoach counterpart, the Firecoach saw only gradual changes during its production run. Built largely to order for individual fire departments, the firm produced the Firecoach in a variety of different types and configurations, including pumpers, tillers, aerial trucks, and tender trucks.

Mechanical Layout

While nearly all Firecoaches were two-axle configurations, several "tractor" units were built to tow aerial devices and for various specialty uses. Derived from the Crown Supercoach product line, the cab-forward Firecoach was of a mid-engine layout. Although equipped with Hall-Scott gasoline engines like the Supercoach, the Firecoach was equipped with much larger versions (935 and 1091 cubic inches vs. 590). In 1958, to improve braking ability, Firecoaches (alongside all other Crown Coach vehicles) were equipped with 10-inch wide brake drums.[4][5] For 1963, an automatic transmission became an option.[6] Although introduced in the Supercoach a decade earlier, Crown produced its first diesel-powered Firecoach in 1964.[6]

Cab Design

In 1954, Crown Coach produced its first Firecoach with an enclosed cab; a 4-door cab made its debut in 1963.[6] Although an enclosed cab had been introduced as an option, into the mid-1960s, the majority of Crown Firecoaches were constructed with open-air cabs. Following the Watts riots of 1965, in order to provide better security for firefighters, Crown Coach introduced a compartment roof design for its open-air cabs; the design became retrofitted to many in-service Firecoaches as well.[3]

During the 1970s, fully enclosed cabs grew in popularity.[7] In 1977, Crown Coach made the first major change to the Firecoach cab with the introduction of a "wide-cab" configuration; sold alongside its predecessor, the wide-cab Firecoach became standard in 1979.[6]

Configurations

When first designed in 1951, the Firecoach was initially configured as a 2-axle pumper. During its production run, the Firecoach would be introduced in a variety of other configurations for customer requests. In 1955, the first water tender Firecoach was introduced.[6] In 1956, a Firecoach was introduced as a tiller truck; the Firecoach chassis was a tractor towing an American LaFrance aerial device.[6]

In 1961, aerial devices saw a change as Crown introduced its first Firecoach snorkel truck (bucket lift).[6] In 1966, Crown produces its first company-produced tiller-based aerial device, though a 2-axle ladder truck made its debut the same year.[6] In 1969, the first quint version of the Firecoach made its debut as Crown introduced the Firecoach TeleSquirt.[6]

TypeIntroduction[6]Cab[6]Vertical ReachOther Notes
Aerial19562-door open-air

2-door enclosed

4-door enclosed

2-door wide-body enclosed

100'Mid mount ladder or rear mount ladder

Available as 2-axle tilller truck

Pumper

Water Tender

1951
Snorkel truck196150'

65'

75'

85'

First Crown snorkel truck is an International Harvester COE chassis.[6]
TeleSquirt196954'

55'

75'

Discontinuation

During the late 1970s, sales of the Crown Firecoach began to decline as the design began to age. Following the sale of Crown Coach in 1979, sales largely collapsed, leading to an initial discontinuation of the line in 1982.[3][6] In 1984, production resumed of cab and chassis vehicles; the bodywork was completed in partnership with a California fire engine manufacturer.[6] In 1985, the final Crown Firecoach chassis was produced, closing a 34-year production run.[6]

Variants

Chassis-based apparatus

Crown Coach produced the Firecoach in a variety of different types and configurations, including pumpers, tillers, aerial trucks, and tender trucks.

In addition to the fire engines based on its Supercoach bus line, various fire engine bodies were built on truck chassis by Crown during the production of the Firecoach by customer request. Chassis bodied by Crown included:

  • Chevrolet C30
  • Ford C850 (F-Series COE)
  • Ford C700
  • Pierce-Crown
  • VanPelt-Crown (1984–1985)[6]

Crown Coach also built custom-designed fire vehicles from Supercoach and Firecoach chassis:

  • 1957: 4 fire engines for Kuwait produced with stainless steel water tanks (to use ocean water in pumping).[1]
  • 1958: 28-foot crew bus for Los Angeles County Fire Department
  • 1960: Bulldozer transport using Firecoach tractor for Los Angeles City Fire Department
  • 1965: Two open-cab rescue trucks using Firecoach chassis for Honolulu, Hawaii Fire Department
  • 1967: Heavy Utility tow truck using Firecoach chassis for Los Angeles Fire Department
  • 1971: Mobile hospital/ambulance for Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington DC (using Supercoach body)
  • 1975: 2-axle trailer water tank/50-foot TeleSqurt for Tulare, California Fire Department

In popular culture

During the first two seasons of the NBC/Universal television series Emergency!, in-service Crown Firecoaches of the Los Angeles County Fire Department (LACoFD) gained a second role as media props. In Emergency!, Engine 51 was portrayed by two different 1965 Crown Firecoach Triple engines. Engine 60, the fire engine stationed on the Universal set, was used for scenes filmed at the Universal lot; Engine 127 was used for scenes filmed at Station 127 where location filming was completed.

In 1974, LACoFD purchased a large number of P-80 Ambassador pumpers from the Ward LaFrance Truck Corporation, and the company donated an additional, identical unit to Universal for use as Engine 51 on the show, thereby allowing LACoFD to discontinue taking the Crown Engines 60 and 127 periodically out of service for filming. The Crown Firecoach of Engine 127 was later destroyed in a traffic accident, though the Firecoach of Engine 60 (along with the donated 1974 Ward LaFrance P-80 Ambassador) are now owned by the County of Los Angeles Fire Museum Association and have been fully restored.[8][9][10]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web | url=http://crowncoach.info/2010/03/23/the-dentist-who-built-buses-and-fire-engines-by-ed-hass/ | title=The Dentist Who Built Buses and Fire Engines | date=March 23, 2010 | accessdate=January 23, 2016 | author=Hass, Ed}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://crowncoach.info/2010/03/23/the-dentist-who-built-buses-and-fire-engines-by-ed-hass/ | title=The Dentist Who Built Buses and Fire Engines | date=March 23, 2010 | accessdate=January 23, 2016 | author=Hass, Ed}}
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/c/crown_coach/crown_coach.htm | title=Crown Carriage Co., 1903–1927; Crown Motor Carriage Co., 1927–1933; Crown Body & Coach Corp., 1933–1980; Crown Coach International, 1980–1984; Los Angeles; Crown Coach International, 1984–1987; Crown Coach Inc. division of GE Railcar Services, 1987–1991; Chino, California | accessdate=January 23, 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web | url=http://crowncoach.info/2010/03/23/the-dentist-who-built-buses-and-fire-engines-by-ed-hass/ | title=The Dentist Who Built Buses and Fire Engines | date=March 23, 2010 | accessdate=January 23, 2016 | author=Hass, Ed}}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/c/crown_coach/crown_coach.htm | title=Crown Carriage Co., 1903–1927; Crown Motor Carriage Co., 1927–1933; Crown Body & Coach Corp., 1933–1980; Crown Coach International, 1980–1984; Los Angeles; Crown Coach International, 1984–1987; Crown Coach Inc. division of GE Railcar Services, 1987–1991; Chino, California | accessdate=January 23, 2016}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{Cite web|url=http://www.crownisking.org/techtimeline.html|title=techtimeline|website=www.crownisking.org|access-date=2016-04-11}}
7. ^{{cite web | url=http://crowncoach.info/2010/03/23/the-dentist-who-built-buses-and-fire-engines-by-ed-hass/ | title=The Dentist Who Built Buses and Fire Engines | date=March 23, 2010 | accessdate=January 23, 2016 | author=Hass, Ed}}
8. ^{{cite web | url=http://johnweeks.com/tour/emergency/index.html | title=Emergency! TV Show Equipment and Filming Locations | publisher=Weeks, John | date=2011 | accessdate=January 23, 2016 | author=Weeks, John}}
9. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.lacountyfiremuseum.com/Engine51Crown.html | title=County of Los Angeles Fire Museum's Engine 51 Crown | accessdate=January 23, 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web|title = Engine 51 Restoration|url = http://www.lacountyfiremuseum.com/Engine51Restoration.html|publisher = LA County Fire Museum, Inc.|accessdate = May 25, 2013}}

3 : Fire service vehicles|Vehicles introduced in 1951|Mid-engined vehicles
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