| 词条 | Cuba–France relations |
| 释义 |
Cuba–France relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Cuba and France. HistorySoon after Cuba was colonized and incorporated into the Spanish Empire, there had been several contacts between Cuba and France. The first initial French contact with Cuba was in 1554 when French pirate Jacques de Sores (under the commission of King Francis I of France to raid Spanish ships and territories of gold) raided the Cuban city of Santiago de Cuba. In 1555, Sores also attacked and burned Havana.[1] In 1791, during the initial stages of the Haitian Revolution, several thousand French and Haitian-born French citizens sought refugee in Cuba to escape the war. During 1800–1809, over 20,000 French, creoles and former slaves immigrated from Haiti to Cuba.[2] During the Spanish–American War (April - August 1898), France (along with the United Kingdom and Germany) urged Spain to end the war with the United States and to relinquish its territories of Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam. The end of the war was finalized by the signing of the Treaty of Paris in December 1898.[3] After the war, Cuba became a territory of the United States. In 1902, Cuba became an independent nation. In January 1959, after the Cuban Revolution, Fidel Castro came to power on the island-nation. Initially, French intellectuals and writers were intrigued with the new change in Cuba. In 1960, French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and French writer Simone de Beauvoir paid a visit to Cuba and met with President Fidel Castro and Argentine-born Cuban revolutionary hero, Ernesto "Che" Guevara.[4] In 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, French President Charles de Gaulle supported the United States on the blockade of Cuba to prevent more missiles from landing on the island.[5] During a world tour in December 1964, Cuban diplomat Che Guevara paid an official visit to France. In October 1974, as First Secretary of the French Socialist Party, François Mitterrand (and future President of France), paid an official visit to Cuba for a week and was given a state visit in the country.[6] In 1995, President Fidel Castro paid his first official visit to France and met with French President François Mitterrand.[7] Fidel would return to France the following year to attend the funeral for Mitterrand.[6] In July 2015 during the Cuban thaw, France sought closer relations with Cuba. In May 2015, French President François Hollande became the first French head-of-state to visit Cuba.[8] In February 2016, Cuban President Raúl Castro reciprocated the visit to France.[9] In May 2018, French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian paid a visit to Cuba.[10] State visitsPresidential visits from Cuba to France[7][9]
Bilateral agreementsBoth nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Science, Technology and the Environment (2015); Agreement on Tourism (2016); Agreement on Trade (2016); Agreement on Agricultural Cooperation (2016) and an Agreement on Joint Oil Exploration in the Gulf of Mexico (2016).[11][8] Tourism and TransportationIn 2016, over 200,000 French citizens visited Cuba for tourism.[9] There are direct flights between Cuba and France with the following airlines: Air Caraïbes, Air France, Corsair International and Cubana de Aviación. TradeIn 2016, trade between Cuba and France totaled €209 million Euros.[12] Cuba's main exports to France include: fish, rum and cigars. France's main exports to Cuba include: cereals, chemical based products, automobile parts, dairy products, industrial and agricultural machinery and communication equipment.[13] France is Cuba's eleventh largest trading partner globally. French multinational companies such as Pernod Ricard and Total S.A. operate in Cuba.[9] Resident diplomatic missions
See also
References1. ^An Introduction to Piracy in Cuba {{Foreign relations of Cuba|France}}{{Foreign relations of France|Cuba}}{{Portal bar|International relations|Cuba|France}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuba-France}}2. ^[https://www.hicuba.com/articulos/huella-francesa-santiago-cuba.php La huella francesa en Santiago de Cuba (in Spanish)] 3. ^[https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/treaty-of-paris-ends-spanish-american-war Treaty of Paris ends Spanish–American War] 4. ^[https://theconversation.com/quand-sartre-et-de-beauvoir-decouvraient-le-cuba-de-castro-69468 Quand Sartre et de Beauvoir découvraient le Cuba de Castro (in French)] 5. ^Cuban Missle [sic] Crisis Telegram From the Embassy in France to the Department of State 6. ^1 Fidel y Mitterrand: una amistad más allá de las fronteras (in Spanish) 7. ^1 [https://elpais.com/diario/1995/03/14/internacional/795135604_850215.html Castro cree que su visita a Francia pone fin al bloqueo de Cuba (in Spanish)] 8. ^1 [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/12/francois-hollande-calls-on-us-to-lift-cuba-trade-embargo Cuba announces France oil deal as Hollande urges end to US trade embargo] 9. ^1 2 3 4 [https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/es/infografias/article/infografia-las-relaciones-entre-francia-y-cuba Infografia - Las relaciones entre Francia y Cuba (in Spanish)] 10. ^[https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/cuba/events/article/cuba-meeting-between-jean-yves-le-drian-and-his-counterpart-paris-18-05-18 Cuba – Meeting between Jean-Yves le Drian and his counterpart (Paris, 18 May 2018)] 11. ^[https://www.cibercuba.com/noticias/2017-02-17-u129488-cuba-y-francia-firman-acuerdo-cooperacion-cientifico-tecnica Cuba y Francia firman un acuerdo de cooperación científico-técnica (in Spanish)] 12. ^[https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/cuba/presentation-de-cuba/ Présentation de Cuba (in French)] 13. ^[https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Ressources/File/434344 Les Echanges Commerciaux France - Cuba en 2016 (in French)] 14. ^Embassy of Cuba in Paris 15. ^[https://cu.ambafrance.org/-FRANCAIS- Embassy of France in Havana] 3 : Cuba–France relations|Bilateral relations of Cuba|Bilateral relations of France |
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