| 词条 | Curius and Apuleius |
| 释义 |
Curius and Apuleius were chieftains of the Lusitanians, a Celtic tribe from western Hispania. They were active at the last phase of the Lusitanian War. BiographySources describe them as heading a gang of robbers that fought Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus while he was entering Lusitania in the search of Viriathus.[1] While it is accepted that they commanded Lusitanian forces, their nationality is disputed due to their ostensibly Roman names. It has been argued they might have been either Romanized Iberians[1][3] or Roman deserters who had adopted local tribal customs.[3][2] Their relation to Viriathus is also a blurred matter. Oral tradition have them serving as lieutenants to the Lusitanian leader,[3] but it is more likely they were independent rebels from the lands south of the Tajo river,[4] inspired by but not affiliated to Viriathus.[2] In any case, the large size of their forces is considered proof that they were authentic military commanders and not mere bandits.[5] In 140 BC, after conquering Baeturia and five other cities, Servilianus marched with his remnant 17000 soldiers towards and attacked the Cynetes on his path.[5] When he was approaching the Guadiana river, Curius and Apuleius ambushed him with a contingent of 10000 men, defeating him and stealing his loot.[3][5] However, the Lusitanian victory was ephemeral, as they decided to divide their forces in order for Curius to retreat with the plunders and a large number of prisoners. This allowed Servilianus to recover and initiate a counterattack, in which Curius was killed and the loot was recovered.[3][5] The Romans continued their march through Lusitania, where they would be ultimately defeated by Viriathus and forced to sign a peace treaty.[4] EtymologyIt is traditionally considered they sported Roman names, opening up several theories about their identities.[1][4][2] However, it has been suggested ancient chroniclers might have misunderstood their names and turned them into Roman patronymics.[6] Under this view, "Apuleius" might be a corruption of a Celtic name like the preexistent "Apulus" or "Apanus",[6] while "Curius" would come from "Coutius" or "Curundus".[6] See also{{Portal|Celtic Studies|History}}
Notes1. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Luciano Pérez Vilatela|title=Lusitania: historia y etnología|url=|date=2000|publisher=Real Academia de Historia|isbn=978-84-895126-8-9|page=|language= Spanish}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Jean Gérard Gorges, Trinidad Nogales Basarrate|title=Sociedad y cultura en Lusitania romana: IV mesa redonda internacional|url=|date=2000|publisher=Casa de Velázquez|isbn=978-84-767156-0-4|page=|language= Spanish}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Francisco Javier Manuel de la Huerta y Vega|title=Anales de el Reyno de Galicia: tomo primero|url=|date=1606|publisher=Biblioteca Complutense|isbn=|page=|language= Spanish}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|author=Julián de Francisco Martín|title=Conquista y romanización de Lusitania|url=|date=1996|publisher=Universidad de Salamanca|isbn=978-84-748183-6-9|page=|language= Spanish}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author=Benjamín Collado Hinarejos|title=Guerreros de Iberia: La guerra antigua en la península Ibérica|url=|date=2018|publisher=La Esfera de los Libros|isbn=978-84-916437-9-1|page=|language= Spanish}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Juan Luis García Alonso|title=Continental Celtic Word Formation: The Onomastic Data|url=|date=2014|publisher=Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca|isbn=978-84-901238-3-6|page=|language= Spanish}} 6 : 143 BC|Lusitanians|Celtic warriors|Spanish rebels|Rebellions against the Roman Empire|Year of birth unknown |
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