| 词条 | Wyangala Dam |
| 释义 |
| name = Wyangala Dam | name_official = | image = Wyangaladamfullcapacity.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Wyangala Dam, near full capacity, 2012 | image_alt = | location_map = New South Wales | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Location of the Wyangala Dam in New South Wales | coordinates = {{coord|33|57|S|148|59|E|type:landmark_region:AU-NSW|display=inline,title}} | location = New South Wales, Australia | status = O | construction_began = 1928 | opening = 1935 | demolished = | cost = A£1.352 million | owner = State Water Corporation | dam_type = E | dam_height = {{convert|85|m|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation = | dam_length = {{convert|1370|m|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = {{convert|3580|m3|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = Lachlan River | spillway_count = 9 | spillway_type = Radial gates and concrete chute | spillway_capacity = {{convert|14700|m3/s|abbr=on}} | res_name = Lake Wyangala | res_capacity_total = {{convert|1220000|ML|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = {{convert|8300|km2|abbr=on}} | res_surface = {{convert|5390|ha|abbr=on}} | res_elevation = {{convert|379|m|abbr=on}} AHD | res_max_depth = {{convert|79|m|abbr=on}} | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = C | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = {{convert|18|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = {{convert|42.9|GWh|abbr=on}} | website = {{URL|http://www.statewater.com.au/Water%20delivery/Dams/Wyangala%20Dam|Wyangala Dam at www.statewater.com.au}} | extra = }} Wyangala Dam is a major gated rock fill with clay core embankment and gravity dam with eight radial gates and a concrete chute spillway across the Lachlan River, located in the south-western slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, hydro-power, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Wyangala. Location and featuresCommenced in 1928, completed in 1935, and upgraded in 1971, Wyangala Dam is a major reservoir situated below the confluence of the Lachlan and Abercrombie rivers, located approximately {{convert|38|km|abbr=on}} upstream, east of Cowra. The dam was built by the New South Wales Water Conservation & Irrigation Commission to supply water for irrigation, flood mitigation and potable water for the towns of Cowra, Forbes, Parkes, Condobolin, Lake Cargelligo, Euabalong and Euabalong West.[1][2][3] The dam also provides water for a far larger area and operates in conjunction with Lake Brewster and Lake Cargelligo, to supply water to the lower Lachlan valley customers.[1] The dam wall constructed with {{convert|3580|m3|abbr=on}} of rockfill and a clay core is {{convert|85|m|abbr=on}} high and {{convert|1370|m|abbr=on}} long. The maximum water depth is {{convert|79|m|abbr=on}} and at 100% capacity the dam wall holds back {{convert|1220000|ML|abbr=on}} of water at {{convert|379|m|abbr=on}} AHD. The surface area of Lake Wyangala is {{convert|5390|ha|abbr=on}} and the catchment area is {{convert|8300|km2|abbr=on}}. The eight radial gates and concrete chute of the spillway are capable of discharging {{convert|14700|m3/s|abbr=on}}.[1][2][3] A {{AUD}}43 million upgrade of facilities commenced in 2009 and, when completed by 2016, is expected to result in the raising and locking of the spillway radial gates; raising of the spillway chute wall; and raising of the parapet wall crest.[4][5] The Wyangala Dam is the second oldest dam built for irrigation in New South Wales and was one of the last dams in the state where a railway or tramway system for construction purposes was utilised.[6] It is the only dam on the Lachlan River system,[1] which feeds the Murrumbidgee River, and in turn feeds the Murray River. Power generationA hydro-electric power station generates up to {{convert|22.5|MW|abbr=on}} of electricity from the flow of the water leaving Wyangala Dam with an average output of {{convert|42.9|GWh|abbr=on}} per annum.[2] A {{convert|7.5|MW|abbr=on}} station was initially constructed below the dam wall and opened in 1947,[7][8] and the new facility, managed by Hydro Power Pty Ltd,[1] completed in 1992.[7] History{{See also|Wyangala}}The name Wyangala is said to originate from an indigenous Wiradjuri word of unknown meaning and is the name of Wyangala Station, one of the properties flooded by Lake Wyangala waters when construction of the dam was completed in 1935.[9] The Wyangala Station homestead site, which was originally settled by the Newham family, is under the water level and can only be seen when the dam is close to being dry. The small settlement of Wyangala, located downstream of the dam wall, was established to house workers during the dam construction. The current earth and rock wall was constructed between 1961 and 1971 due to fears that the original dam wall was beginning to lift away from its base, and as a result, would not be able to withstand a major flood. The original dam wall can be seen when the water level is around 30 per cent of the reservoir's catchment capacity. In 2008, water entitlements were down to just 10 per cent of normal availability. Some inflows to the reservoir later in the year allowed restrictions for high security licence holders to be relaxed.[10] In late 2009, drought had reduced the water storage level to 4.5 per cent of the reservoir's capacity.[11] See also{{stack|{{Portal|New South Wales|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.statewater.com.au/_Documents/Dam%20brochures/Wyangala+Dam+Brochure.pdf|format=PDF brochure|title=Wyangala Dam|publisher=State Water Corporation|year=2009|accessdate=21 April 2013}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.ancold.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Dams-Australia-2010-v1-for-website.xls|format=Excel (requires download)|title=Register of Large Dams in Australia|publisher=The Australian National Committee on Large Dams Incorporated|year=2010|accessdate=21 April 2013|work=Dams information}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.statewater.com.au/Water%20delivery/Dams/Wyangala%20Dam|title=Wyangala Dam|work=Water delivery: dams|publisher=State Water Corporation|year=|accessdate=21 April 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.statewater.com.au/current%20projects/Dam%20safety%20upgrades/Wyangala%20upgrade |title=Wyangala upgrade|work=Projects: Dam safety upgrades |publisher=State Water Corporation|year=2012 |accessdate=21 April 2013}} 5. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/03/11/2842868.htm |title=Councils get Wyangala Dam report |accessdate=12 June 2011|date=11 March 2010 |work=ABC News |location=Australia}} 6. ^{{cite journal |last1=Newland |first1=John R. |year=1989 |title=The Construction Railways of Wyangala Dam |journal=Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin |issue=September–October |pages=199–211, 228–236 |publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society|accessdate=}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://kids.mdbc.gov.au/encyclopedia/electricity_generation.html|title=Wyangala Dam |work=Basin Kids: Electricity Generation |publisher=Murray-Darling Basin Commission |accessdate=21 April 2013}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2713426 |title=Wyangala Power Station Opened |date=28 April 1947 |work=The Canberra Times|publisher=National Library of Australia |accessdate=21 April 2013}} 9. ^{{NSW GNR|id=SXlpFxKmMn |title=Wyangala Dam |accessdate=21 April 2013}} 10. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/11/04/2409653.htm |title=Boost for Lachlan Valley water allocations |accessdate=12 June 2011|date=4 November 2008 |work=ABC News|location=Australia}} 11. ^{{Cite news |title=Premier Kristina Keneally waives fees for water|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/state-politics/premier-kristina-keneally-waives-fees-for-water/story-e6frgczx-1225810373312 |first=Joe |last=Kelly |accessdate=12 June 2011|date=15 December 2009 |newspaper=The Australian}} External links
10 : Lachlan River|Dams completed in 1935|Energy infrastructure completed in 1935|Energy infrastructure completed in 1947|Energy infrastructure completed in 1992|Dams in New South Wales|Central West (New South Wales)|Embankment dams|Hydroelectric power stations in New South Wales|Dams in the Murray River basin |
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