| 词条 | Wyomia Tyus |
| 释义 |
|name= |nickname= |image=Wyomia Tyus 1968.jpg | image_size = |caption= |birth_date= {{birth date and age|1945|8|29}} |birth_place=Griffin, Georgia, United States | death_date = | death_place = | height = {{convert|1.72|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|61|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |sport=Athletics |event=100 m, 200 m |club= TSU Tigers, Nashville |pb=100 yd – 10.3 (1965) 100 m – 11.08 (1968) 200 m – 23.08 (1968) |alma_mater= | show-medals = yes | medaltemplates ={{Medal|Country | the {{USA}} }}{{Medal|Competition|Olympic Games}}{{Medal|Gold|1964 Tokyo|100 m}}{{Medal|Gold|1968 Mexico City|100 m}}{{Medal|Gold|1968 Mexico City|4×100 m relay}}{{Medal|Silver|1964 Tokyo|4×100 m relay}}{{Medal|Competition|Pan American Games}}{{Medal|Gold| 1967 Winnipeg | 200 m}} }}Wyomia Tyus (pronunciation: why-o-mia; born August 29, 1945) is a retired American track and field sprinter, and the first person to retain the Olympic title in the 100 m (a feat since duplicated by Carl Lewis, Gail Devers, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce and Usain Bolt).[1] Early lifeRaised on a dairy farm, as the youngest of four children, and the only girl in the family Tyus was encouraged by her father to participate in sports.[2] While a high school athlete Tyus participated in basketball and began her track endeavors as a high jumper before transitioning to the sprints after being invited to a summer track clinic at Tennessee State University in 1960.[3] It was in this same year that Tyus's father died leaving the job of male role model in Tyus's life to her soon to be track coach at Tennessee State Ed Temple.[2] College and professional careerTyus, from Tennessee State University, participated in the 1964 Summer Olympics at age 19. In the heats of the event, she equaled Wilma Rudolph's world record, propelling her to a favored position for the final, where her main rival was fellow American Edith McGuire. Tyus won the final, beating McGuire by 0.2 seconds. At the same Olympics, she also won a silver medal with the 4 × 100 m relay team.[1] The following years, Tyus won numerous national championships in the sprint events, and a gold medal in the 200 m at the Pan-American Games. In 1968, she returned to the Olympics to defend her title in the 100 m. In the final, she set a new world record of 11.08 s to become the first person, male or female, to retain the Olympic 100 metres title.[4] Tyus also qualified for the 200 m final, in which she finished sixth. Running the final leg for the relay team, Tyus helped setting a new world record, winning her third gold medal.[1] Director Bud Greenspan filmed Tyus casually dancing behind her starting blocks before the Olympic final. When interviewed later she said she was doing the "Tighten Up" to stay loose. Tyus retired from amateur sports after the 1968 Olympics. In 1973 she was invited to compete in the 60-yard dash in the new Professional International Track Association competitions. In her first-year return, she won eight of eighteen events. The following year, she won every event she entered, a total of twenty-two races. Tyus continued to compete in the 60 yard dash up until 1982.[3] Post athleticsTyus went on to coach at Beverly Hills High School, and was a founding member of the Women's Sports Foundation. During the Richard Dawson era of Family Feud, Tyus appeared with her family (1980). They won the $5,000 prize.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} In 1976 Tyus was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame.[5] In 1980, Tyus was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame. At the 1984 Summer Olympics, she was one of eleven athletes who carried in the Olympic Flag during the Opening Ceremony. In 1985, she was inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame.[6] In 1999 her hometown Griffin, Georgia honored her with the unveiling of the Wyomia Tyus Olympic Park.[7] The 2010 Breeder's World Cup featured a two-year-old filly racing horse bearing her namesake.[8] In 2018 she published the memoir Tigerbelle : the Wyomia Tyus story, with co-author Elizabeth Terzakis; it is part of Dave Zirin's Edge of Sports series.[9] Personal lifeTyus grew up in a primarily white neighborhood and became aware of her race and of racial segregation at an early age. She was forced to take an hour bus ride to school each day, in spite of the fact that there was a white school within walking distance.[3] Racial divide in her neighborhood also prevented Tyus from playing with the white girls that lived nearby and as the nearest black family lived almost a mile away, Tyus spent most of her time playing sports with her brothers and the white boys in the neighborhood.[3] As she grew older her father helped to solidify the idea that she could accomplish anything in her life, but not without hard work to overcome racial stigma.[3] After finishing high school Tyus attended Tennessee State University (TSU), making her the first of her family to go to college.[3] While at TSU Tyus participated in the Tigerbelles collegiate team.[10] Tyus began training with TSU coach Ed Temple, however poor grades, study habits, and a general lack of interest in her classes nearly derailed her chances to continue her training and attend the 1964 Olympics.[3] She has credited her training with Coach Temple as helping with her development and success in her sports, academic, and professional life, especially as he highlighted the struggle that comes with being a black athlete and having to work harder to receive positive recognition.[3] In December 1968 Tyus moved with her then boyfriend from Georgia to California, where she worked as a substitute teacher.[3] She married her boyfriend in 1969 and held multiple jobs until becoming a teacher in 1971.[3] Tyus left this job within a year in order to stay at home with her first child.[3] Tyus's first marriage ended in 1974 and in 1978 she married Duane Tillman, with whom she had her second child, a son.[3] References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Wyomia Tyus|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ty/wyomia-tyus-1.html|publisher=Olympics at Sports-Reference|accessdate=31 May 2017}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Ennis|first1=Lisa A.|title=Wyomia Tyus (b. 1945)|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/sports-outdoor-recreation/wyomia-tyus-b-1945|publisher=Georgia Encyclopedia|accessdate=31 May 2017}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite book|last1=Walter|first1=John C|last2=Iida|first2=Malina|title=Better than the best : black athletes speak, 1920-2000|date=2011|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=9780295990538|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/better-than-the-best-black-athletes-speak-1920-2000/oclc/665136806|accessdate=31 May 2017}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Aitcheson|first1=Connie|title=Wyomia Tyus|url=https://www.si.com/vault/1969/12/31/105711795/wyomia-tyus|accessdate=31 May 2017|publisher=Sports Illustrated|date=July 14, 2008}} 5. ^{{cite web | title=Wyomia Tyus | url=http://gshf.org/pdf_files/inductees/track_and_field/wyomia_tyus.pdf | website=Georgia Sports Hall of Fame | access-date=July 5, 2017 | deadurl=no | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719014441/http://gshf.org/pdf_files/inductees/track_and_field/wyomia_tyus.pdf | archive-date=July 19, 2011 | df= }} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Wyomia Tyus|url=http://www.usatf.org/halloffame/TF/showBio.asp?HOFIDs=175|publisher=U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame|accessdate=31 May 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Wyomia Tyus Olympic Park|url=http://spaldingparksandrec.com/parks_wyomia_tyus_olympic.php|publisher=Spalding Parks and Recreation|accessdate=31 May 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Biles|first1=Deidre B.|title=Track Star's Namesake a Breeders' Cup Runner|url=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/139599/track-stars-namesake-a-breeders-cup-runner|publisher=Bloodhorse|accessdate=31 May 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=Tyus|first1=Wyomia|title=Tigerbelle : the Wyomia Tyus story|url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1048941540|accessdate=10 November 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://americansportsnet.com/news/greatest-moments-tennessee-states-tigerbelles-set-olympic-standard|title=ASN HEROES OF BLACK HISTORY Ed Temple created TSU's legendary Tigerbelles|publisher=American Sports Net|last1=BAMBACH|first1=MIKE|accessdate=31 May 2017}} Further reading
External links
19 : 1945 births|Living people|People from Griffin, Georgia|Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)|Track and field athletes from California|American female sprinters|African-American female track and field athletes|Olympic track and field athletes of the United States|Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field|Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field|Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)|Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States|Athletes (track and field) at the 1967 Pan American Games|Tennessee State Lady Tigers track and field athletes|Contestants on American game shows|Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics |
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