词条 | Władysław Tatarkiewicz |
释义 |
| region = Western philosophy | era = 20th-century philosophy | image = Copy of the photograph - Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz and Arman Vetulani in 1960 or later.jpeg | caption = Władysław Tatarkiewicz (right) and Armand Vetulani, 1960; courtesy Barbara Vetulani | name = Władysław Tatarkiewicz | birth_date = April 3, 1886 | birth_place = Warsaw, Russian Empire | death_date = April 4, 1980 (aged 94) | death_place = Warsaw, People's Republic of Poland | alma_mater = Warsaw University of Technology University of Warsaw | school_tradition = Lwów–Warsaw school of logic | main_interests = aesthetics, ethics, history of art, history of philosophy | influences = | influenced = }}Władysław Tatarkiewicz ({{IPA-pol|vwaˈdɨswaf tatarˈkʲevitʂ|lang}}; 3 April 1886, Warsaw – 4 April 1980, Warsaw) was a Polish philosopher, historian of philosophy, historian of art, esthetician, and ethicist.[1] LifeTatarkiewicz began his higher education at Warsaw University. When it was closed by the Russian Imperial authorities in 1905, he was forced to continue his education abroad in Marburg, where he studied from 1907 to 1910.[2] As he describes in his Memoirs, it was a chance encounter with a male relative, whose height made him stand out above the crowd at a Kraków railroad station, upon the outbreak of World War I that led Tatarkiewicz to spend the war years in Warsaw.[3] There he began his career as a lecturer in philosophy, teaching at a girls' school on Mokotowska Street, across the street from where Józef Piłsudski was to reside during his first days after World War I. During World War I, when the Polish University of Warsaw was opened under the sponsorship of the occupying Germans – who wanted to win Polish support for their war effort – Tatarkiewicz directed its philosophy department in 1915–19. In 1919–21 he was professor at Stefan Batory University in Wilno, in 1921–23 at the University of Poznań, and in 1923–61 again at the University of Warsaw. In 1930 he became a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.[4] During World War II, risking his life, he conducted underground lectures in German-occupied Warsaw[5] (one of the auditors was Czesław Miłosz).[6] After the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising (August–October 1944) he again consciously risked his life when retrieving a manuscript from the gutter, where a German soldier had hurled it (this and other materials were later published as a book, in English translation titled Analysis of Happiness).[7] Władysław Tatarkiewicz died the day after his 94th birthday. In his Memoirs, published shortly before, he recalled having been ousted from his University chair (by Henryk Holland, a politically connected former student[8]). Characteristically, he saw even that indignity as a blessing in disguise, as it gave him freedom from academic duties, and leisure to pursue research and writing.[9] {{blockquote|And in sum it is a good existence: that of a retired old professor. He still has something to do, but is under no compulsion. He only voluntarily imposes compulsions on himself. He has time: at any time of day, he can go for a walk in the park—as long as his legs will still carry him. Equally, or even more, important is this: he no longer has ambition, he has ceased to be a rival to others. He is no inconvenience to others, they have no need to fear him, they have no reason to envy him: in this situation—without opponents, rivals and enemies—life is considerably more tolerable.[10]|}}Tatarkiewicz reflected that at all crucial junctures of his life, he had failed to foresee events, many of them tragic, but that this had probably been for the better, since he could not have altered them anyway.[11] Major worksTatarkiewicz belonged to the interbellum Lwów–Warsaw school of logic, created by Kazimierz Twardowski, which gave reborn Poland many scholars and scientists: philosophers, logicians, psychologists, sociologists, and organizers of academia.[12] Tatarkiewicz educated generations of Polish philosophers, estheticians and art historians, as well as a multitude of interested laymen.[13] He posthumously continues to do so through his History of Philosophy and numerous other works. In his final years, Tatarkiewicz devoted considerable attention to securing translations of his major works. Of the below incomplete listing of his works, his 1909 German-language doctoral thesis, and his History of Philosophy, Łazienki warszawskie, Parerga, and Memoirs have not been translated into English.
See also
Notes1. ^"Władysław Tatarkiewicz," Encyklopedia Polski, p. 686. 2. ^Marek Jaworski, Władysław Tatarkiewicz, pp. 26–36. 3. ^Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Wspomnienia (Memoirs), p. 144. 4. ^"Władysław Tatarkiewicz," Encyklopedia powszechna PWN, vol. 4, p. 412. 5. ^Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Wspomnienia (Memoirs), p. 165–68. 6. ^Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Wspomnienia (Memoirs), p. 171. 7. ^* Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Analysis of Happiness, p. xi. 8. ^See (in Polish): "List grupy uczestników seminarium filozoficznego profesora Władysława Tatarkiewicza" (Letter by Participants in Professor Władysław Tatarkiewicz's Philosophy Seminar"), Przegląd Filozoficzny (Philosophical Review), no. 2, 1995 (14), p. 88. 9. ^Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Wspomnienia (Memoirs), p. 119. 10. ^Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Wspomnienia (Memoirs), pp. 172–73. 11. ^Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Wspomnienia (Memoirs), p. 181. 12. ^Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Zarys dziejów filozofii w Polsce (A Brief History of Philosophy in Poland), pp. 31–32. 13. ^"Władysław Tatarkiewicz," Encyklopedia powszechna PWN, vol. 4, p. 412. References
External links
11 : 1886 births|1980 deaths|Polish male writers|Writers from Warsaw|Polish philosophers|Polish historians of philosophy|Polish ethicists|Polish art historians|University of Warsaw faculty|Vilnius University faculty|Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。