| 词条 | Battle of Hedgeley Moor |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Battle of Hedgeley Moor | image= York victory over Lancaster.svg | image_size = 300 |caption= |partof=Wars of the Roses |date=25 April 1464 |place=Hedgeley Moor in Northumberland, England |result=Yorkist victory |combatant1= House of York |combatant2= House of Lancaster |commander1= John Neville, Baron Montagu |commander2= Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset Thomas, Baron Roos Robert, Baron Hungerford Ralph Percy{{KIA}} |strength1=6,000 |strength2=5,000 |casualties1=Unknown |casualties2=Unknown }}{{Campaignbox Wars of the Roses}}{{Location map |Northumberland |lat=55.47111 |long=-1.92405 |width=180 |float=right |caption=Hedgley Moor shown within Northumberland ({{gbmapping|NU049197}}) }} The Battle of Hedgeley Moor, 25 April 1464, was a battle of the Wars of the Roses. It was fought at Hedgeley Moor, north of the villages of Glanton and Powburn in Northumberland, between a Yorkist army led by John Neville, Lord Montagu and a Lancastrian army led by Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset. The battle ended in a Yorkist victory. BackgroundAt the beginning of 1464, after setbacks in 1463, the Lancastrians were hoping that the Welsh Marches and the West Country would rise in their support. The Yorkists wanted to remove the threat of Scottish invasion, by reaching an agreement with the Scots. The English parliament was due to meet at York on 5 May to discuss terms with a party from Scotland, but a burst of Lancastrian activity in Northumberland and North Yorkshire meant that it would be difficult for the Scottish party to travel safely to York. Lord Montagu was therefore sent north with a small force to escort them to York. The Duke of Somerset tried to ambush Montagu near Newcastle but the latter was able to evade this attempt. He continued his journey northwards, gathering troops as he went. When Montagu reached Hedgeley Moor he had an army of five or six thousand men. There he met a Lancastrian army of five thousand men commanded by Somerset. The Lancastrian army also included Lords Roos and Hungerford, Sir Ralph Percy, and Sir Ralph Grey. BattleThe battle began with the normal exchange of archery between the two armies. Montagu then advanced across the 1,500 yards of moorland, only to be forced to halt and readjust his lines when the Lancastrian left flank, under Lords Roos and Hungerford (some 2,000 men), faltered, broke and scattered. The whole Lancastrian force gave way when the Yorkists clashed with their line. Pushed back by weight of numbers all but a few of the remaining Lancastrians fled the field. Sir Ralph Percy stayed with his household retainers and made a brave last stand. However, deserted by the rest of the army, including all the other commanders, he was soon slain. As he died he is said to have uttered the enigmatic words: ‘I have saved the bird in my bosom’. AftermathThe defeat and dispersal of the Lancastrian forces made it possible for the Scottish negotiators to be safely escorted to York, where a peaceful solution was successfully negotiated. A square sandstone pillar stands near the site of the battle, and is known as ‘Percy’s Cross’. It can be found on the east side of the A697, a couple of miles north of the village of Powburn. The road at this point is following the line of the Roman road known as the Devil's Causeway. There are two ballads commemorating the battle, The Battle of Hedgley Moor by Frederick Sheldon, and The Legend of Percy's Cross by James Service.[1] References1. ^Armstrong, Graham, Rowland Curiosities of Northumberland 1970 p.63 {{ISBN|0900409274}}
4 : 1464 in England|Battles of the Wars of the Roses|Military history of Northumberland|Conflicts in 1464 |
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