| 词条 | David McDowall (criminologist) |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = David McDowall | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1949}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = Criminology | workplaces = University at Albany, SUNY, University of Maryland, College Park | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = Portland State University, Northwestern University | thesis_title = Structure and ideology in a university faculty's response to an intramural change | thesis_url = | thesis_year = 1980 | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | influences = | influenced = | awards = 2005 SUNY Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching and the University at Albany Excellence in Teaching Award, 2011 Criminology Teaching Award from American Society of Criminology | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} David McDowall (born 1949) is an American criminologist and distinguished teaching professor in the School of Criminal Justice at University at Albany, SUNY, where he is also co-director of the Violence Research Group. Educated at Portland State University and Northwestern University, he taught at the University of Maryland, College Park from 1990 until joining the University at Albany in 1996. He has published a number of studies pertaining to gun violence in the United States. EducationDavid McDowall was born in 1949.[1] He received his B.A. from Portland State University in 1973 and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Northwestern University in 1975 and 1980, respectively. All three of his degrees are in sociology.[2] After graduating from Northwestern, he did postdoctoral work at the University of Michigan.[3] CareerMcDowall joined the faculty of the University of Maryland, College Park in 1990 as an associate professor in their Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, and became a full professor there in 1992. In 1996, he joined the faculty of the University at Albany's School of Criminal Justice, where he was appointed a distinguished teaching professor in 2013.[2][4] Prior to being appointed a distinguished professor, he had served on over 25 dissertation committees.[5] At the University at Albany, he is also the co-director of the Violence Research Group, along with Colin Loftin.[7][6] ResearchMcDowall is a criminologist[7] whose research focuses on "the social distribution of crime and criminal victimization."[8] He has also researched gun violence and the effects of certain gun laws, such as the Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975, which, in a 1991 study, he and his co-authors found was followed by "a prompt decline in homicides and suicides by firearms in the District of Columbia".[9][10] He has also researched the frequency of defensive gun use, and has criticized the research of Gary Kleck with respect to this issue, saying, "Kleck is a really smart guy. That's why his work is as prominent as it is. . . (But) I think he starts with conclusions, then works backward to support them."[11] He has also criticized Kleck's 1995 study estimating 2.5 million DGU incidents per year for including not just situations in which guns were used by crime victims, but also those when people thought the presence of a gun protected them from threats. In 2012, he said that "Given that half of the U.S. households own a gun, armed self-defense is extremely uncommon."[12] In 1995, McDowall and two of his colleagues published a study evaluating the effect of passing more lenient concealed carry laws on homicide rates in three states, and found that these laws did not reduce homicide rates and, in fact, may have even increased them in two of the states studied.[13][14] The same study found that one of the states that relaxed their concealed carry laws, Oregon, saw a decrease in homicide rates in its largest city, Portland. McDowall told the New York Times that this may have happened because Oregon passed stricter laws regulating the purchase of guns around the time they also relaxed their concealed carry laws, "and that might have overwhelmed the effect of the relaxation."[15] J. Neil Schulman and Brad Linaweaver criticized this study, arguing that its focus on only urban areas led the study to mainly capture homicide rates in high-crime areas, and that this, in turn, produced results that were relevant to criminals, not to "ordinary people legally carrying guns for protection."[16] Dave Kopel has also criticized the study, calling it "a classic illustration of how changing the parameters of a "before-and-after" analysis can change the results".[17] Honors and awardsIn 2005, McDowall received two awards for Excellence in Teaching: one from the State University of New York System's Chancellor, and the other from the President of the University at Albany. In 2009, he was named a fellow of the American Society of Criminology (ASC); in 2011, he received a Criminology Teaching Award from the ASC in recognition of his entire teaching career.[2] Editorial activitiesMcDowall was the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Quantitative Criminology from 2001 to 2008.[2] He became the editor-in-chief of Criminology starting in the fall of 2016.[18] References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n83214960.html | title=David McDowall | work=Library of Congress Name Authority File | accessdate=11 December 2015}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:McDowall, David}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=http://www.albany.edu/scj/files/McDowallD.pdf | title=David McDowall CV | work=University at Albany | accessdate=11 December 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.asc41.com/Criminologist/2009/2009_July-Aug_Criminologist.pdf | title=ASC Fellow Recipients | publisher=American Society of Criminology | work=The Criminologist | date=July–August 2009 | accessdate=30 October 2016 | pages=13}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.albany.edu/academics/distinguished.teaching.professors.shtml | title=Distinguished Teaching Professors | work=University at Albany | accessdate=11 December 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.albany.edu/news/40322.php | title=McDowall Named Distinguished Teaching Professor | publisher=University at Albany | work=News Center | accessdate=30 October 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.albany.edu/scj/research.php | title=Research | publisher=University at Albany | work=School of Criminal Justice | accessdate=30 October 2016}} 7. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=onazHNIEopEC | title=Armed: New Perspectives on Gun Control | publisher=Prometheus Books | author=Kleck, Gary | year=2001 | pages=236 | quote=University of Maryland criminologist David McDowall| isbn=9781615922406 }} 8. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.albany.edu/scj/david_mcdowall.php | title=David McDowall | work=University at Albany | accessdate=11 December 2015}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Loftin|first1=C|last2=McDowall|first2=D|last3=Wiersema|first3=B|last4=Cottey|first4=TJ|title=Effects of restrictive licensing of handguns on homicide and suicide in the District of Columbia.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=5 December 1991|volume=325|issue=23|pages=1615–20|pmid=1669841|doi=10.1056/NEJM199112053252305}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/06/AR2008070602118.html | title=Packing Protection or Packing Suicide Risk? | work=Washington Post | date=7 July 2008 | accessdate=11 December 2015 | author=Vedantam, Shankar}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-06-19/features/9406190168_1_gun-control-period-and-background-checks-brady-act | title=Under The Gun | work=Chicago Tribune | date=19 June 1994 | accessdate=11 December 2015 | author=Galloway, Paul}} 12. ^{{cite web | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/20/nation/la-na-more-guns-20121221 | title=More or fewer guns? The experts are divided | work=Los Angeles Times | date=20 December 2012 | accessdate=11 December 2015 | author=Rainey, David}} 13. ^{{cite journal|last1=McDowall|first1=David|last2=Loftin|first2=Colin|last3=Wiersema|first3=Brian|title=Easing Concealed Firearms Laws: Effects on Homicide in Three States|journal=The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology|date=Autumn 1995|volume=86|issue=1|pages=193|doi=10.2307/1144006|jstor=1144006}} 14. ^{{cite web | url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-02-05/news/9602050147_1_concealed-gun-violence-gun-control | title=Experts Tackle Gun Issues | work=Chicago Tribune | date=5 February 1996 | accessdate=11 December 2015 | author=Worthington, Rogers}} 15. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/15/us/study-links-rise-in-killings-to-relaxed-gun-laws.html |title=Study Links Rise in Killings to Relaxed Gun Laws |website=The New York Times |date=15 March 1995}} 16. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VC-P4-DDy_gC | title=Self Control: Not Gun Control | publisher=Pulpless.com | author=Schulman, J. Neil | year=1995 | pages=64–66 | author2=Linaweaver, Brad| isbn=9781584450900 }} 17. ^{{cite journal | url=http://www.davekopel.com/2A/Mags/Untold-Triumph-Concealed-Carry-Permits.html | title=The Untold Triumph of Concealed Carry Permits | author=Kopel, Dave | journal=Policy Review | publisher=Hoover Institution|issue=78 | pages=9 | date=July–August 1996}} 18. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.albany.edu/news/69901.php | title=UAlbany's School of Criminal Justice Welcomes Flagship Journals | publisher=University at Albany | date=24 May 2016 | accessdate=30 October 2016}} 10 : American criminologists|Living people|1949 births|University at Albany, SUNY faculty|Portland State University alumni|Northwestern University alumni|University of Maryland, College Park faculty|Academic journal editors|Place of birth missing (living people)|Gun violence researchers |
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