| 词条 | Yad Vashem | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Yad Vashem | native_name = יָד וַשֵׁם | native_name_lang = | logo = Yad Vashem Logo.svg | logo_upright = 0.75 | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Israel-2013(2)-Aerial-Jerusalem-Yad Vashem 01.jpg | image_size = 280px | alt = | caption = Aerial view of Yad Vashem | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_caption = | coordinates = | former_name = | established = 19 August 1953 | dissolved = | location = On the western slope of Mount Herzl, also known as the Mount of Remembrance, a height in western Jerusalem, Israel | type = Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust | accreditation = | key_holdings = | collections = | collection_size = | visitors = about 925.000 (2017)[1], 800.000 (2016 and 2015)[2] | founder = | executive_director = | director = | president = | ceo = | chairperson = | curator = | architect = | historian = | owner = | publictransit = | car_park = | parking = | network = | website = {{URL|https://www.yadvashem.org/}} | embedded = }} Yad Vashem ({{lang-he-n|יָד וַשֵׁם}}; literally, "a monument and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the dead; honoring Jews who fought against their Nazi oppressors and Gentiles who selflessly aided Jews in need; and researching the phenomenon of the Holocaust in particular and genocide in general, with the aim of avoiding such events in the future. Established in 1953, Yad Vashem is on the western slope of Mount Herzl, also known as the Mount of Remembrance, a height in western Jerusalem, {{convert|804|m|ft|0|sp=us}} above sea level and adjacent to the Jerusalem Forest. The memorial consists of a {{convert|180|dunam|ha acre|adj=on|sigfig=3}} complex containing the Holocaust History Museum, memorial sites such as the Children's Memorial and the Hall of Remembrance, the Museum of Holocaust Art, sculptures, outdoor commemorative sites such as the Valley of the Communities, a synagogue, a research institute with archives, a library, a publishing house, and an educational center, the International School/Institute for Holocaust Studies. A core goal of Yad Vashem's founders was to recognize non-Jews who, at personal risk and without a financial or evangelistic motive, chose to save Jews from the ongoing genocide during the Holocaust. Those recognized by Israel as Righteous Among the Nations are honored in a section of Yad Vashem known as the Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations. Yad Vashem is the second-most-visited Israeli tourist site, after the Western Wall, with approximately one million visitors each year. It does not charge any fee for admission. EtymologyThe name "Yad Vashem" is taken from a verse in the Book of Isaiah: "To them I will give within my temple and its walls a memorial and a name better than sons and daughters; I will give them an everlasting name that will endure forever" ({{bibleverse||Isaiah|56:5}}). Naming the Holocaust memorial "yad vashem" (Biblical Hebrew {{Hebrew|יָ֣ד וָשֵׁ֔ם}} yād wā-šêm) conveys the idea of establishing a national depository for the names of Jewish victims who have no one to carry their name after death. The original verse referred to eunuchs who, although they could not have children, could still live for eternity with the Lord.[3] HistoryThe idea of establishing a memorial in the historical Jewish homeland for Jewish victims of the Nazi Holocaust was conceived during World War II, as a response to reports of the mass murder of Jews in Nazi-occupied countries. Yad Vashem was first proposed in September 1942, at a board meeting of the Jewish National Fund, by Mordecai Shenhavi, a member of Kibbutz Mishmar Ha'emek.[3] In August 1945, the plan was discussed in greater detail at a Zionist meeting in London. A provisional board of Zionist leaders was established that included David Remez as chairman, Shlomo Zalman Shragai, Baruch Zuckerman, and Shenhavi. In February 1946, Yad Vashem opened an office in Jerusalem and a branch office in Tel Aviv, and in June that year convened its first plenary session. In July 1947, the First Conference on Holocaust Research was held at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. However, the outbreak in May 1948 of the War of Independence brought operations to a standstill for two years. On 19 August 1953, the Knesset, Israel's Parliament, unanimously passed the Yad Vashem Law, establishing the Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority, the aim of which was "the commemoration in the Homeland of all those members of the Jewish people who gave their lives, or rose up and fought the Nazi enemy and its collaborators," and to set up "a memorial to them, and to the communities, organizations and institutions that were destroyed because they belonged to the Jewish people."[4] On 29 July 1954, the cornerstone for the Yad Vashem building was laid on a hill in western Jerusalem, to be known as the Mount of Remembrance ({{lang-he|Har HaZikaron}}); the organization had already begun projects to collect the names of individuals killed in the Holocaust; acquire Holocaust documentation and personal testimonies of survivors for the Archives and Library; and develop research and publications. The memorial and museum opened to the public in 1957.[5][6] The location of Yad Vashem on the western side of Mount Herzl, an area devoid of weighty historical associations, was chosen to convey a symbolic message of "rebirth" after destruction, distinct from the Chamber of the Holocaust, founded in 1948 on Mount Zion.[7][8] Thus, the latter museum, whose walls are lined with plaques memorializing over 2,000 Jewish communities destroyed during the Holocaust,[9][10] portrays the Holocaust as a continuation of the "death and destruction" that plagued Jewish communities throughout Jewish history.[11] On 15 March 2005, a new Museum complex four times larger than the old one opened at Yad Vashem. It included the Holocaust History Museum with a new Hall of Names, a Museum of Holocaust Art, an Exhibitions Pavilion, a Learning Center and a Visual Center.[12][13] The new Yad Vashem museum was designed by Israeli-Canadian architect Moshe Safdie, replacing the previous 30-year-old exhibition.[14] It was the culmination of a $100 million decade-long expansion project.[15] AdministrationIn November 2008, Rabbi Yisrael Meir Lau was appointed Chairman of Yad Vashem's Council, replacing Tommy Lapid.[17] The Vice Chairmen of the Council are Yitzhak Arad and Moshe Kantor. Elie Wiesel was Vice Chairman of the Council until his death on July 2, 2016.[18] The Chairman of the Directorate is (since 1993) Avner Shalev, who replaced Yitzhak Arad, who had served in this position for 21 years. The Director General is Dorit Novak. The Head of the International Institute for Holocaust Research and Incumbent is John Najmann. The Chair for Holocaust Studies is Prof. Dan Michman. The Chief Historian is Prof. Dina Porat. The Academic Advisor is Prof. Yehuda Bauer.[18] The Members of the Yad Vashem Directorate are Yossi Ahimeir, Daniel Atar, Michal Cohen, Matityahu Drobles, Abraham Duvdevani, Prof. Boleslaw (Bolek) Goldman, Vera H. Golovensky, Moshe Ha-Elion, Adv. Shlomit Kasirer, Yossi Katribas, Yehiel Leket, Baruch Shub, Dalit Stauber, Dr. Zehava Tanne, Adv. Shoshana Weinshall, and Dudi Zilbershlag.[18] ObjectivesThe aims of Yad Vashem are education, research and documentation, and commemoration.[19] Yad Vashem organizes professional development courses for educators both in Israel and throughout the world; develops age-appropriate study programs, curricula, and educational materials for Israeli and foreign schools in order to teach students of all ages about the Holocaust; holds exhibitions about the Holocaust; collects the names of Holocaust victims;[20] collects photos, documents, and personal artifacts; and collects Pages of Testimony memorializing victims of the Holocaust.[21] Yad Vashem seeks to preserve the memory and names of the six million Jews murdered during the Holocaust, and the numerous Jewish communities destroyed during that time. It holds ceremonies of remembrance and commemoration; supports Holocaust research projects; develops and coordinates symposia, workshops, and international conferences; and publishes research, memoirs, documents, albums, and diaries related to the Holocaust.[22] Yad Vashem also honors non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. The International School/Institute for Holocaust Studies at Yad Vashem, founded in 1993, offers guides and seminars for students, teachers, and educators, and develops pedagogic tools for use in the classroom. Yad Vashem trains 10,000 domestic and foreign teachers every year.[23] The organization operates a web site in several languages, including German, Hebrew, Farsi, and Arabic.{{cn|date=March 2019}} In 2013 Yad Vashem launched an online campaign in Arabic, promoting Yad Vashem's website. The campaign reached over 2.4 million Arabic speakers from around the globe, and the traffic to Yad Vashem's website was tripled.[24] The institution's policy is that the Holocaust "cannot be compared to any other event". In 2009 Yad Vashem fired a docent for comparing the trauma Jews suffered in the Holocaust to the trauma Palestinians suffered during Israel's War of Independence, including the Deir Yassin massacre.[25] Yad Vashem StudiesYad Vashem Studies is a peer-reviewed semi-annual scholarly journal on the Holocaust. Published since 1957, it appears in both English and Hebrew editions.[26]MuseumYad Vashem opened to the public in 1957. Its exhibits focused on Jewish resistance in the Warsaw ghetto, the uprisings in Sobibor and Treblinka death camps, and the struggle of survivors to reach Israel.[27] In 1993, planning began for a larger, more technologically advanced museum to replace the old one. The new building, designed by Canadian-Israeli architect Moshe Safdie, consists of a long corridor connected to 10 exhibition halls, each dedicated to a different chapter of the Holocaust. The museum combines the personal stories of 90 Holocaust victims and survivors, and presents approximately 2,500 personal items including artwork and letters donated by survivors and others. The old historical displays revolving around anti-Semitism and the rise of Nazism have been replaced by exhibits that focus on the personal stories of Jews killed in the Holocaust. According to Avner Shalev, the museum's curator and chairman, a visit to the new museum revolves around "looking into the eyes of the individuals. There weren't six million victims, there were six million individual murders."[27] The new museum was dedicated on 15 March 2005 in the presence of leaders from 40 states and former Secretary General of the UN Kofi Annan. President of Israel Moshe Katzav said that Yad Vashem serves as "an important signpost to all of humankind, a signpost that warns how short the distance is between hatred and murder, between racism and genocide".[28] According to Jonathan Kis-Lev, in recent years the Museum was visited by a growing number of Palestinians, as part of efforts of various organizations to bridge the gap between Israelis and Palestinians. "Learning about the Holocaust," Kis-Lev wrote, "helped the Palestinian members of our binational group better understand the Jewish perspective, and was a turning point in improving our relationship."[29]{{page needed|date=January 2017}} In April 2019, Yad Vashem will break ground on a new subterranean center to house and conserve millions of artifacts from the Holocaust.[30] ArchitectureThe museum, designed by Moshe Safdie, is shaped like a triangular concrete prism that cuts through the landscape, illuminated by a {{convert|200|m|ft|0|sp=us}}-long skylight. Visitors follow a preset route that takes them through underground galleries that branch off from the main hall.[15] Hall of Names{{main|Hall of Names}}The Hall of Names is a memorial to the six million Jews who perished in the Holocaust. The main hall is composed of two cones: one ten meters high, with a reciprocal well-like cone excavated into the underground rock, its base filled with water. On the upper cone is a display featuring 600 photographs of Holocaust victims and fragments of Pages of Testimony. These are reflected in the water at the bottom of the lower cone, commemorating those victims whose names remain unknown. Surrounding the platform is the circular repository, housing the approximately 2.2 million Pages of Testimony collected to date, with empty spaces for those yet to be submitted. Since the 1950s, Yad Vashem has collected approximately 110,000 audio, video, and written testimonies by Holocaust survivors. As the survivors age, the program has expanded to visiting survivors in their homes, to tape interviews. Adjoining the hall is a study area with a computerized data bank where visitors can do online searches for the names of Holocaust victims. ArchivesThe Archive is the oldest department of Yad Vashem. Before presenting an exhibition, Yad Vashem collects items. The best known of these are the historical photographs, as well as the Pages of Testimonies collected from survivors. The latter is a database of personal information about those who survived and those who perished in the Holocaust. Yad Vashem has also acquired access to the database of the International Tracing Service of Bad Arolsen of the International Committee of the Red Cross, and these two databases complement each other for research purposes. Examples of photos from the Yad Vashem ArchiveRighteous Among the Nations{{Main|Righteous Among the Nations}}{{Righteous Among the Nations}}One of Yad Vashem's tasks is to honor non-Jews who risked their lives, liberty, or positions to save Jews during the Holocaust. To this end, a special independent commission, headed by a retired Supreme Court justice, was established. The commission members, including historians, public figures, lawyers, and Holocaust survivors, examine and evaluate each case according to a well-defined set of criteria and regulations. The Righteous receive a certificate of honor and a medal, and their names are commemorated in the Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations,[31] on the Mount of Remembrance, Yad Vashem. This is an ongoing project that will continue for as long as there are valid requests, substantiated by testimonies or documentation. Five hundred fifty-five individuals were recognized during 2011, and {{As of|2019|lc=y}}, more than 26,973 individuals have been recognized as Righteous Among the Nations.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}[32] Yad Vashem's declared policy is not to provide meaningful recognition, even in a possible new category, to Jews who rescued Jews, regardless of the number of people their activism saved. The stated reason is that Jews had an obligation to save fellow Jews and don't deserve recognition.[33][34] Art galleryYad Vashem houses the world's largest collection of artwork produced by Jews and other victims of Nazi occupation in 1933–1945. The Yad Vashem Art Department supervises a 10,000-piece collection, adding 300 pieces a year, most of them donated by survivors' families or discovered in attics.[35] Included in the collection are works by Alexander Bogen, Alice Lok Cahana, Samuel Bak, and Felix Nussbaum. {{anchor|Prizes by Yad Vashem}} Prizes awarded by Yad VashemYad Vashem awards the following book prizes:
Awards bestowed upon Yad Vashem
Notable visitorsRoyalty
PoliticiansPresidents{{Div col}}
Prime Ministers (Head of government){{Div col}}
International organizations
Religious figures{{Div col}}
Others
See also
References1. ^www.yadvashem.org: [https://www.yadvashem.org/pressroom/highlights/2017.html yadvashem.org] 2. ^[https://www.yadvashem.org/pressroom/highlights/2016.html yadvashem.org 2016], [https://www.yadvashem.org/pressroom/highlights/2015.html vadvashem.org 2015] 3. ^1 {{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=HHG5mRuVXN4C |page=22 }} |title=The Ethics of Memory |first=Avishai |last=Margalit |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2002 |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Gilbert|first1=Martin|authorlink1=Martin Gilbert|title=Israel: A History|date=2008|publisher=Harper Perennial|location=New York|isbn=978-0688123635|page=288|edition=Revised and updated}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Silberklang|first1=David|title=More Than a Memorial: The Evolution of Yad Vashem|journal=Yad Vashem Quarterly Magazine: Special Commemorative Edition|date=Fall 2003|volume=|issue=|pages=6–7|publisher=Yad Vashem|location=Jerusalem, Israel|issn=|url= https://www.yadvashem.org/sites/default/files/yv_magazine31.pdf}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Naor|first1=Mordechai|title=The Twentieth Century in Eretz Israel|date=1998|publisher=Konenmann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH|location=Cologne, Germany|isbn=9783895085956|pages=317–318|edition=English|translator-last=Krausz|translator-first=Judith|chapter=1954}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=On Memory: An Interdisciplinary Approach |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=zBE_q09a5mgC |page=43 }} |first=Arye |last=Edrei|chapter=Holocaust Memorial|editor=Doron Mendels|page=43|isbn=978-3-03911-064-3|date=2007-06-07}} 8. ^{{cite journal|journal=ShiurTimes|date=May 6, 2008|pages=36–37|url=http://issuu.com/shiurtimes/docs/may2008|first=Yehudit|last=Singer|title=60 Years of Commemorating the Holocaust}} 9. ^{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=fG8WAQAAIAAJ }} |title=A guide to Jewish genealogical research in Israel |page=67 |first=Sallyann |last=Amdur Sack | authorlink = Sallyann Amdur Sack|year=1995 |publisher=Avotaynu |isbn=0962637378}} 10. ^{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=TRc9ea_CKOUC |page=371 }} |title=Israel and the Palestinian Territories: The Rough Guide |page=371 |first1=Daniel |last1=Jacobs |first2=Shirley |last2=Eber |first3=Francesca |last3=Silvani |year=1998 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=1858282489}} 11. ^{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=FOckAQAAMAAJ |page=99 }} |page=99 |title=The Holocaust in Israeli Public Debate in the 1950s: Ideology and memory |year=2007 |publisher=Vallentine Mitchell |first=Roni |last=Stauber |isbn=085303723X}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=New Holocaust Museum Opens in Jerusalem|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/15/international/middleeast/new-holocaus-holocaust-museum-opens-in-jerusalem.html|accessdate=15 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=March 15, 2005}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=The new Holocaust History Museum at Yad Vashem - Facts & Figures|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/15-march-2005-12-04.html|website=Yad Vashem|publisher=Yad Vashem Press Release|date=15 March 2005}} 14. ^{{cite web|author=ETGAR LEFKOVITS; 700+ words |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-109780569.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525225645/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-109780569.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2013-05-25 |title=Jerusalem: Yad Vashem |publisher=Highbeam.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|last=Ser|first=Sam |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-105361590.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525211753/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-105361590.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2013-05-25 |title=New Yad Vashem museum to emphasize 'human story' |publisher=Jerusalem Post/Highbeam.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php? |title=Elie Wiesel — Photograph |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719083643/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php |archivedate=2013-07-19 |df= }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/09-november-2008-09-30.html |title=Rabbi Israel Meir Lau Appointed Chairman of the Yad Vashem Council |publisher=.yadvashem.org |date= |accessdate=2012-07-21}} 18. ^1 2 Yad Vashem Magazine. Volume 80. June 2016: {{cite web|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/pressroom/magazine/pdf/yv_magazine80.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-08-02 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918062457/http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/pressroom/magazine/pdf/yv_magazine80.pdf |archivedate=2016-09-18 |df= }} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.yadvashem.org/education.html |title=The International School for Holocaust Studies |publisher=.yadvashem.org |date= |accessdate=2012-04-24}} 20. ^About: The Central Database of Shoah Victims Names {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218090828/http://www.yadvashem.org/archive/hall-of-names.html |date=December 18, 2017 }} 21. ^The Hall of Names {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122124521/http://db.yadvashem.org/names/search.html?language=en |date=January 22, 2016 }} 22. ^{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=EUzcIZklD3oC |page=7 }} |title=Our Memory of the Past and for the Future: Based on the Proceedings of an International Forum in Jerusalem, Israel, 15–21 September 2003 |publisher=Council of Europe |year=2005 |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 23. ^{{cite news|author=Stay informed today and every day |url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21584008-study-holocaust-expanding-worldwidefor-differing-reasons-bearing-witness-ever |title=Remembering the Holocaust: Bearing witness ever more |publisher=Economist.com |date=2013-08-24 |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 24. ^{{cite web|author= Ofer Aderet |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/features/.premium-1.573513 |title=Yad Vashem finds Muslim clicks on Facebook |publisher=haaretz.com |date=2014-02-11 |accessdate=2014-09-21}} 25. ^Yoav Stern. "Yad Vashem fires employee who compared Holocaust to Nakba". Haaretz, 23 April 2009. {{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/yad-vashem-fires-employee-who-compared-holocaust-to-nakba-1.274624 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-12-28 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729005750/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/yad-vashem-fires-employee-who-compared-holocaust-to-nakba-1.274624 |archivedate=2015-07-29 |df= }} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.yadvashem.org/research/about/studies |title=Yad Vashem Studies |publisher=The International Institute for Holocaust Research |accessdate=2017-02-23}} 27. ^1 {{cite web|author=Chris McGreal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2005/mar/15/heritage.israelandthepalestinians |title='This is ours and ours alone' |publisher=Guardian |date=2005-03-15 |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 28. ^Kofi Annan commented at the opening, "The number of Holocaust survivors who are still with us is dwindling fast. Our children are growing up just as rapidly. They are beginning to ask their first questions about injustice. What will we tell them? Will we say, 'That's just the way the world is'? Or will we say instead, 'We are trying to change things—to find a better way'? Let this museum stand as a testimony that we are striving for a better way. Let Yad Vashem inspire us to keep striving, as long as the darkest dark stalks the face of the earth." Facing the Consequences of Dividing Israel {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506215127/http://www.c4israel.org/au/articles/Spring2005/5765_C4INZ-W05-FINAL.pdf |date=May 6, 2006 }} 29. ^{{cite book |last=Kis-Lev |first=Jonathan |date=2015 |title=My Quest For Peace: One Israeli's Journey From Hatred To Peacemaking |url= |location= |publisher=Goldsmith Press |page= |isbn=978-1537163536 |author-link=Jonathan Kis-Lev}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/yad-vashem-to-break-ground-on-new-artifacts-center-on-holocaust-remembrance-day/|title=Yad Vashem to break ground on new artifacts center on Holocaust Remembrance Day|last=Amanda Borschel-Dan|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-27}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gariwo.net/eng_new/foreste/yadvashem.php |title=Gardens of the Righteous Worldwide - The Yad Vashem Garden of the Righteous |publisher=Gariwo |date= |accessdate=2012-07-24}} 32. ^https://www.yadvashem.org/righteous/statistics.html Totakl of Righteous by country dd. 1st Jan. 2019 33. ^https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/Why-wont-Yad-Vashem-honor-Jewish-rescuers - by Dr. Mordecai Paldiel who directed the Yad Vashem Righteous department for decades 34. ^https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Yad-Vashem-and-Jewish-rescuers-of-Jews-472621 - by Dr. Mordecai Paldiel 35. ^{{cite web|date=December 26, 2010|first=Edmund |last=Sanders |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/dec/26/entertainment/la-ca-culture-exchange-20101226 |title=Holocaust art endures at Israel's Yad Vashem museum |publisher=Articles.latimes.com |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.yadvashem.org/research/fellowships/book-prize.html |title=The Yad Vashem International Book Prize for Holocaust Research 2012 |publisher=Yadvashem.org |date= |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://yad-vashem.org.il/yv/en/pressroom/magazine/pdf/yv_magazine44.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-10-31 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053123/http://yad-vashem.org.il/yv/en/pressroom/magazine/pdf/yv_magazine44.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-04 |df= }} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alonafrankel.com/girl21.html |title=Buchman Prize - Yad Vashem Judges' Reasons |publisher=Alonafrankel.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-25}} 39. ^{{cite web|title=Israel Prize Official Site – Recipients in 1973 (in Hebrew) |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/educationcms/units/prasisrael/tashlag/tashmab_tashlag_rikuz.htm?dictionarykey=tashlag |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5ms3fqteU?url=http://cms.education.gov.il/educationcms/units/prasisrael/tashlag/tashmab_tashlag_rikuz.htm?dictionarykey=tashlag |archivedate=2010-01-18 |df= }} 40. ^{{cite web| title = Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew) – Recipient's C.V. (2003) | url = http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashsag/YadVashem/}} 41. ^{{cite web| title = Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew)- Judges' Considerations for Grant of Prize to Recipient in 2003 | url = http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashsag/YadVashem/NimokyHsoftim.htm}} 42. ^[https://archive.today/20070630011149/http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/12-september-2007-14-51.html Yad Vashem Receives Prince of Asturias Award for Concord] 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/30-may-2011-14-50.html|title=Yad Vashem Chairman Avner Shalev to Receive 2011 Patron of Jerusalem (Yakir Yerushalayim) Award|date=7 March 2011|publisher=Yad Vashem|accessdate=11 November 2013}} 44. ^{{cite news|title=Crown Prince of Denmark at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/29-october-2013-15-04.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=29 October 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 45. ^{{cite news|title=Prince William visits Yad Vashem, honors great-grandmother who rescued Jews|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/prince-william-visits-yad-vashem-honors-great-grandmother-who-rescued-jews/|accessdate=29 June 2018|date=26 June 2018|agency=Times of Israel}} 46. ^{{cite news|title=The President of Chad visiting Yad Vashem.|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=he&item_id=56326&ind=0|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=20 September 1965|agency=Yad Vashem}} 47. ^{{cite news|title=The President of Mexico visiting Yad Vashem.|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=he&item_id=72293&ind=0|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=7 August 1975|agency=Yad Vashem}} 48. ^{{cite news|title=The President of Egypt, Anwar Sadat, visiting Yad Vashem.|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=he&item_id=72388&ind=0|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=20 November 1977|agency=Yad Vasehm}} 49. ^{{cite news|title=The President of West Germany, Richard von Weizsacker visiting Yad Vashem.|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=he&item_id=72449&ind=0|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=8 October 1985|agency=Yad Vashem}} 50. ^{{cite news|title=Clinton Offers Prayer of Hope During His Visit to Yad Vashem|url=http://www.jta.org/1994/10/31/archive/clinton-offers-prayer-of-hope-during-his-visit-to-yad-vashem|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=31 October 1994|agency=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}} 51. ^{{cite news|title=Newsline - January 4, 2000|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142064.html|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=4 January 2000|agency=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}} 52. ^{{cite news|title=Visit of Croatian President Stipe Mesic to Yad Vashem.|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/events/31-october-2001.html|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=31 October 2001|agency=Yad Vashem}} 53. ^{{cite news|title=German President Kohler at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/31-january-2005-09-34.html|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=31 January 2005|agency=Yad Vashem}} 54. ^{{cite news|title=Visit of Serbian President Boris Tadić to Yad Vashem.|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/07-november-2005-13-26.html|accessdate=7 November 2005|date=8 November 2005|agency=Yad Vashem}} 55. ^{{cite news|title=Putin Visits Israel and Tries to Allay Its Security Worries|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/29/international/middleeast/29mideast.html?_r=0|accessdate=29 December 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=29 April 2005}} 56. ^{{cite news|title=Polish President at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/11-september-2006-20-33.html|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=11 September 2006|agency=Yad Vashem}} 57. ^{{cite news|title=President Bush Visits Yad Vashem|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/01/20080111.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|newspaper=The White House|date=11 January 2008}} 58. ^{{cite news|title=Visit of French President Nicolas Sarkozy to Yad Vashem|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/events/23-may-2008.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=23 June 2008|agency=Yad Vashem}} 59. ^{{cite news|title=Visit of President of Germany to Yad Vashem|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/events/28-november-2010.html|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=28 November 2010|agency=Yad Vashem}} 60. ^{{cite news|title=President Josipović visits Yad Vashem.|url=http://predsjednik.hr/en/2012/02/president-josipovic-visits-yad-vashem-2/|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=13 February 2012|agency=Office of the President of the Republic of Croatia}} 61. ^{{cite news|title=Visit of President of Germany Joachim Gauck and Ms. Daniela Schadt to Yad Vashem May 29, 2012|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/events/29-may-2012.html|accessdate=25 May 2017|date=29 May 2012|agency=Yad Vashem}} 62. ^{{cite news|title=President Obama at Yad Vashem Today|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/22-march-2013-12-33.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=22 March 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 63. ^{{cite news|title=Serbian President at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/28-april-2013-13-10.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=28 April 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 64. ^{{cite news|title=Cypriot President at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/05-may-2013-10-45.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=5 May 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 65. ^{{cite news|title=Colombian President at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/09-june-2013-13-15.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=9 June 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 66. ^{{cite news|title=President of the Czech Republic at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/06-october-2013-13-59.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=6 October 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 67. ^{{cite news|title=Nigerian President at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/27-october-2013-16-23.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=27 October 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 68. ^{{cite news|title=Polish President at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/03-november-2013-15-44.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=3 November 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 69. ^{{cite news|title=President of Guatemala at Yad Vashem Monday|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/08-december-2013-15-19.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=8 December 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 70. ^{{cite news|title=Sri Lankan President at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/08-january-2014-15-43.html|accessdate=21 January 2014|date=8 January 2014|agency=Yad Vashem}} 71. ^{{cite news|title=Romanian President at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/19-january-2014-16-32.html|accessdate=21 January 2014|date=19 January 2014|agency=Yad Vashem}} 72. ^{{cite news|title=El Presidente de la República del Perú visitó Yad Vashem el 17 de febero de 2014|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/es/about/events/peru_president.asp|accessdate=2 May 2014|date=2 May 2014|agency=Yad Vashem}} 73. ^{{cite web|author=AFP |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/kolinda-u-izraelu-izrazavam-najdublje-kajanje-zbog-svih-zrtava-holokausta-u-hrvatskoj.-ustaski-rezim-izmanipulirao-je-hrvate/283528/ |title=KOLINDA IN ISRAEL 'I express my deepest regret to all the victims of the Holocaust in Croatia. Ustasha regime manipulated the Croats' |publisher=Jutarnji.hr |date=2015-07-22 |accessdate=2016-08-17}} 74. ^{{cite news|title=Polish President Visits Yad Vashem|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/events/17-january-2017.html|accessdate=20 May 2017|date=17 January 2017|agency=Yad Vashem}} 75. ^{{cite news|title=German President at Yad Vashem|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/events/05-may-2017.html|accessdate=25 May 2017|date=4 May 2017|agency=Yad Vashem}} 76. ^{{cite news|title=Bulgarian President at Yad Vashem Wednesday|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/19-march-2018-14-03.html|accessdate=23 March 2018|date=19 March 2018|agency=Yad Vashem}} 77. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5340579,00.html|title=Philippines' Duterte: 'never again' at Israel's Holocaust memorial|date=9 March 2018|publisher=}} 78. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Duterte-at-Yad-Vashem-Despots-and-insane-leaders-should-be-deposed-566427|title=Duterte at Yad Vashem: ‘Despots and insane leaders’ should be deposed|publisher=}} 79. ^https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=en&item_id=70931&ind=0 80. ^https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=en&item_id=56728&ind=0 81. ^{{cite news|title=The Prime Minister Education Minister of Gambia visiting Yad Vashem.|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=en&item_id=72267&ind=2|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=11 October 1966|agency=Yad Vashem}} 82. ^{{cite news|title=The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher, visiting Yad Vashem.|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=en&item_id=55749&ind=0|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=25 May 1986|agency=Yad Vashem}} 83. ^https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=en&item_id=70957&ind=0 Yad Vashem collection 84. ^{{cite news|title=The Prime Minister of Greece visiting Yad Vashem|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=en&item_id=73733&ind=2|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=19 May 1992|agency=Yad Vashem}} 85. ^{{cite news|title=The Prime Minister of Kazakhstan visiting Yad Vashem.|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=en&item_id=70895&ind=0|accessdate=20 January 2014|date=19 May 1992|agency=Yad Vashem}} 86. ^{{cite news|title=The Prime Minister of Lithuania visiting Yad Vashem.|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=en&item_id=72247&ind=0|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=4 October 1993|agency=Yad Vashem}} 87. ^{{cite news|title=Palestinians upset Chretien avoids East Jerusalem|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/palestinians-upset-chretien-avoids-east-jerusalem-1.230609|accessdate=10 February 2017|date=11 November 2000|agency=CBC News}} 88. ^{{cite news|title=Sanader: Individualisation of Yad Vashem Victims More Powerful than just Plain Figures|url=http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/2005/06/28/ENG.html |date=28 June 2005|agency=Croatian Radiotelevision}} 89. ^{{cite news|title=Turkish Prime Minister to Visit Yad Vashem Today|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/01-may-2005-14-01.html|accessdate=2 September 2016|date=1 May 2005|agency=Yad Vashem}} 90. ^{{cite news|title=Besucher aus deutschsprachigen Ländern|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/de/friends/events/visits/2016.html|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=30 January 2006|agency=Yad Vashem|language=de}} 91. ^{{cite news|title=Georgian Prime Minister at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/20-july-2017-12-14.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=23 June 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 92. ^{{cite news|title=Italian Prime Minister at Yad Vashem Monday|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/events/01-february-2010.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=30 June 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 93. ^{{cite news|title=Greek Prime Minister at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/07-october-2013-10-34.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=7 October 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 94. ^{{cite news|title=Dutch Prime Minister at Yad Vashem Sunday|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/05-december-2013-12-49.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|agency=Yad Vashem|date=5 December 2013}} 95. ^{{cite news|title=Canadian Prime Minister at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/friends/recent-events-and-visits/stephen-harper-visits-yad-vashem.html|accessdate=20 January 2014|date=20 January 2014|agency=Yad Vashem}} 96. ^{{cite news|title=Prime Minister of the Czech Republic at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/24-november-2014-16-15.html|accessdate=27 November 2014|date=24 November 2014|agency=Yad Vashem}} 97. ^{{cite news|title=Prime Minister of the Serbia at Yad Vashem Tomorrow|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/30-november-2014-16-06.html|accessdate=30 November 2014|date=1 December 2014|agency=Yad Vashem}} 98. ^{{cite news|title=Greek PM Visits Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/11/25/greek-pm-visits-holocaust-museum-in-jerusalem/|accessdate=25 November 2015|date=25 November 2015|agency=Yad Vashem}} 99. ^{{cite news|title=Albanian Prime Minister to visit Yad Vashem|url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2015/Pages/Albanian-Prime-Minister-Edi-Rama-in-Israel-21-Dec-2015.aspx|accessdate=11 January 2016|date=21 December 2015|agency=Israeli MFA}} 100. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/me_a/me1/il/page23e_000387.html|title=Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Visits Israel|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan}} 101. ^{{cite web|url=http://vijesti.hrt.hr/371078/plenkovic-u-dvodnevnom-posjetu-izraelu |title=HRT: Plenković se sastao s Netanyahuom |language=hr |publisher=Vijesti.hrt.hr |date= |accessdate=2017-01-24}} 102. ^{{cite news|title=Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial is mirror to the world: PM Narendra Modi|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-in-israel-pm-visits-yad-vashem-holocaust-memorial/articleshow/59445832.cms}} 103. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/events/01-november-2017.html|title=Australian Prime Minister Visits Yad Vashem - www.yadvashem.org|website=www.yadvashem.org}} 104. ^Jerusalem, Israel, The Secretary-General of the United Nations Kurt Waldheim {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314061711/http://collections1.yadvashem.org/notebook_ext.asp?item=56114 |date=March 14, 2014 }} 105. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/26-march-2007-13-44.html|title=UN Secretary General at Yad Vashem Today - www.yadvashem.org|website=www.yadvashem.org}} 106. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/u/0/asset/jerusalem-israel-20-03-1994-the-dalai-lama-visiting-yad-vashem/rwGSuhsAbT7gvg |title=Jerusalem, Israel, 20/03/1994, The Dalai Lama visiting Yad Vashem. - Google Arts & Culture |publisher=Google.com |date=1994-03-20 |accessdate=2017-03-08}} 107. ^{{cite news|title=Visit of Pope John Paul II at Yad Vashem|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/pope-visits/john-paul/speech.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=23 March 2000|agency=Yad Vashem}} 108. ^{{cite news|title=Visit of Pope Benedict XVI 11/5/2009|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/pope-visits/benedict.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=11 May 2009}} 109. ^{{cite news|title=Archbishop of Canterbury Moved During Visit to Yad Vashem|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/27-june-2013-14-00.html|accessdate=29 December 2013|date=27 June 2013|agency=Yad Vashem}} 110. ^{{cite web|title=Marlene Dietrich visiting Yad Vashem|url=https://photos.yadvashem.org/photo-details.html?language=en&item_id=56466&ind=0|publisher=Yad Vashem|accessdate=14 February 2014}} External links{{Commonscatinline}}
13 : Yad Vashem|Mount Herzl|Organizations established in 1953|Holocaust museums|Israel Prize recipients that are organizations|Israel Prize for special contribution to society and the State recipients|Israel Prize for lifetime achievement & special contribution to society recipients|History museums in Israel|Museums in Jerusalem|Hebrew words and phrases|Monuments and memorials in Mount Herzl|Moshe Safdie buildings|Military and war museums |
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