| 词条 | Day of the Shining Star |
| 释义 |
|holiday_name = Day of the Shining Star{{Infobox Korean name |child=yes | hangul = 광명성절 | hanja = 光明星節 | rr = Gwangmyeongseongjeol[1] | mr = Kwangmyŏngsŏng-jŏl | context = north | image = | caption = }} |type = national |image = Statue at Mansudae Art Studio.JPG |imagesize = |caption = Equestrian statue with Kim Jong-il (right) and Kim Il-sung, revealed on the Day of the Shining Star |official_name = |nickname = |observedby = North Korea |litcolor = |longtype = |significance = Birth of Kim Jong-il (1941/1942) |begins = 16 February |ends = 17 February |date = 16 February |duration = 2 days |frequency = Annual |firsttime = After being designated in 1982 |observances = |relatedto = Generalissimo Day (14 February),[1] Loyalty Festival (between 16 February and 15 April), Day of the Sun (15 April),[1] Day of Songun (25 August)[1] }} The Day of the Shining Star ({{Korean|hangul=광명성절|mr=Kwangmyŏngsŏng-jŏl|context=north}}) is a public holiday in North Korea falling on 16 February, the birth anniversary of the country's second leader, Kim Jong-il. Along with the Day of the Sun, the birthday of his father Kim Il-sung, it is the most important public holiday in the country.[2] Kim Jong-il was born in 1941 in the Soviet Union,[6] although North Korean propaganda insists on the date 16 February 1942 and places the birth at the Mount Paektu area in Korea.[6] His birthday became an official holiday in 1982 when he began his work in the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea. During his lifetime, he kept out of the public eye during his birthdays. In 2012, the year following his death, the holiday was renamed the Day of the Shining Star. The most lavish observances take place in the capital Pyongyang and include mass gymnastics, music performances, fireworks displays, military demonstrations, and mass dancing parties. The North Korean people receive more food rations and electricity than usual on the Day of the Shining Star. BackgroundKim Jong-il was born in February 1941 to Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-suk in Siberia in the Russian Federal Republic, Soviet Union where his father had been in exile because of his guerilla activities. North Korean propaganda, however, dates Kim Jong-il's birth to 16 February 1942 and locates it at the Mount Paektu area in Korea, the mythical place of origin of the Korean people, where Kim Il-sung supposedly ran a guerilla camp.[3] In reality, the guerillas were based in Manchuria at the time and Kim himself had been to the Soviet Far East before and after Kim Jong-il's birth.{{sfn|Lim|2015|p=26}} In North Korean propaganda, Kim Jong-il is often associated with the image of the star. He is most often referred to as the "bright star",{{sfn|Lim|2015|p=96}} although the "shining star" ({{lang|ko|광명성}}) is also used.[4] According to legend, a bright star appeared on the sky the night he was born,[5] and guerilla fighters carved messages on trees proclaiming: "Three Heroes Shining in Korea with the Spirit of Mount Paekdu: Kim Il Sung, Kim Chŏng-suk, and Kwangmyŏngsŏng ('The Bright Star')" and "Oh! Korea! The Paekdu Star Was Born!"{{sfn|Lim|2015|p=62}} HistoryKim's birthday had been provisionally celebrated from 1976 on, but it became a national holiday only in 1982,{{sfn|Lim|2015|p=26}} two days after he became a member of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea.[6] When he ascended to the leadership of the country, his birthday was marked as "The Spring of Humanity" on the North Korean calendar.[7] During his lifetime, though, Kim shunned away from public occasions during his birthdays.[13] The anniversary got its present name in 2012, the year following his death, when the Politburo announced that: "February 16, the greatest auspicious holiday of the nation when the great leader Comrade Kim Jong Il was born, will be instituted as the Day of the Shining Star".[8] An equestrian statue with Kim Jong-il and Kim Il-sung was revealed to commemorate the day.[9] On 12 February 2013, North Korea conducted its third nuclear test a few days before the Day of the Shining Star in celebration of it.[10] CelebrationThe holiday begins on 16 February and lasts for two days. Celebrations are observed throughout the country. The capital, Pyongyang, has observances such as mass gymnastics, music performances, fireworks displays, military demonstrations,[17] and mass dancing parties.[11] Boulevards are lined up with flags and banners. Millions of people visit the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun where both Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il lay in state.[19] Exhibitions of the orchid Kimjongilia take place. The orchid is named after Kim and has been cultivated to bloom around the Day of the Shining Star. Outside of Pyongyang, commemorations are not as lavish. The North Korean government often allocates more food and energy to the people on Day of the Shining Star than normally.[12] Children are given candy,[13] and it is one of the few occasions on which new members are admitted in the Korean Children's Union.[14] Vitaly Mansky's 2015 documentary film Under the Sun chronicles the run up to such a ceremony on the Day of the Shining Star.[15] Government and business offices, banks, and retail close for the Day of the Shining Star.[16] Weddings are commonly held on the Day of the Shining Star.[17] The two-month period between the Day of the Shining Star and the Day of the Sun is known as the Loyalty Festival Period and festivities occur throughout.[18] On the calendar, the Day of the Shining Star takes place after the Generalissimo Day (14 February, commemorating Kim Jong-il's accession to the rank of Taewonsu) and before the International Women's Day (8 March). The Day of the Shining Star is one of three days celebrating Kim Jong-il on the calendar, the other two being the Generalissimo Day and the Day of Songun (25 August, commemorating the beginning of Kim's Songun, or army-first, leadership).[19] See also{{Portal|North Korea|Holidays}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/kim-jong-il-to-be-enshrined-as-eternal-leader|title=Kim Jong Il to be enshrined as 'eternal leader'|date=12 January 2012|agency=Associated Press|access-date=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504224729/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/kim-jong-il-to-be-enshrined-as-eternal-leader/|archivedate=4 May 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cogitasia.com/what-really-glimmers-behind-the-%E2%80%9Cday-of-the-shining-star%E2%80%9D/|title=What Really Glimmers Behind the 'Day of the Shining Star'|author=Barbra Kim|work=cogitASIA|publisher=CSIS Asia Program|date=21 February 2012|access-date=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116155729/https://www.cogitasia.com/what-really-glimmers-behind-the-%E2%80%9Cday-of-the-shining-star%E2%80%9D/|archivedate=16 January 2017}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1907197.stm|title=Profile: Kim Jong-il|publisher=BBC News|date=16 January 2009|access-date=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218161501/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1907197.stm|archivedate=18 February 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2016/North_Korea_displays_rockets%2C_begonias_for_leader%27s_birthday/id-d4a93ac54b664b229c31b513194777a8|last=Talmadge|first=Eric|title=North Korea displays rockets, begonias for leader's birthday|date=15 February 2016|work=AP News Archive|agency=Associated Press|access-date=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116160646/http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2016/North_Korea_displays_rockets%2C_begonias_for_leader%27s_birthday/id-d4a93ac54b664b229c31b513194777a8|archivedate=16 January 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/10557783/Kim-Jong-un-at-30-Gifts-for-North-Koreas-dictator.html|last=Ryall|first=Julian|title=Kim Jong-un at 30? Gifts for North Korea's dictator|date=8 January 2014|work=The Telegraph|access-date=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417004340/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/10557783/Kim-Jong-un-at-30-Gifts-for-North-Koreas-dictator.html|archivedate=17 April 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00400&num=10195|author=Lee Sang Yong|title=No Change for January 8th 2013|date=28 December 2012|work=Daily NK|access-date=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116144758/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00400&num=10195|archivedate=16 January 2017}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&num=13620|title=Kim Jong Un's birthday still not a holiday|author=Seol Song Ah|date=7 December 2015|access-date=13 January 2017|work=Daily NK|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113170317/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&num=13620|archivedate=13 January 2017}} 8. ^{{Cite web | title = Special Report of Political Bureau of C.C., WPK | agency = KCNA | date = 12 January 2012 | accessdate = 2 February 2017 | url = http://kcna.co.jp/item/2012/201201/news12/20120112-01ee.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141009030427/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2012/201201/news12/20120112-01ee.html | archive-date = 9 October 2014 | deadurl = yes | df = dmy-all }} 9. ^{{cite book|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=S. A.|last=Leese|first=Daniel|title=The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F8Z7AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA340|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-166751-0|page=340|chapter=The Cult of Personality and Symbolic Politics|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215123202/https://books.google.com/books?id=F8Z7AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA340|archivedate=15 February 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/02/18/self-appreciation-day|last=Ralph|first=Elizabeth F.|title=Self-Appreciation Day|date=18 February 2013|work=Foreign Policy|access-date=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118050116/http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/02/18/self-appreciation-day/|archivedate=18 January 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00300&num=11607|title=Celebrating the Day of the Shining Star|date=10 March 2014|work=Daily NK|access-date=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116151416/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00300&num=11607|archivedate=16 January 2017}} 12. ^1 {{Cite book| chapter = Birthday of Kim Jong-Il| publisher = Omnigraphics| via = TheFreeDictionary.com| title = Holidays, Festivals, and Celebrations of the World Dictionary| edition = Fourth| date = 2010| accessdate = 13 January 2017| chapter-url = http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Birthday+of+Kim+Jong-Il}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://news.vice.com/article/party-in-pyongyang-north-korea-celebrates-rocket-launch-and-kim-jong-ils-birthday|title=Party in Pyongyang: North Korea Celebrates Rocket Launch and Kim Jong-il's Birthday|date=16 February 2016|publisher=VICE News|access-date=14 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118055550/https://news.vice.com/article/party-in-pyongyang-north-korea-celebrates-rocket-launch-and-kim-jong-ils-birthday|archivedate=18 January 2017}} 14. ^{{Cite web | title = "Be Prepared!" Reflections on the North Korean Children's Union | first = Christopher | last = Richardson | work = Sino-NK | date = 13 June 2013 | accessdate = 3 May 2015 | url = http://sinonk.com/2013/06/13/be-prepared-reflections-on-the-north-korean-childrens-union/ | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150204002905/http://sinonk.com/2013/06/13/be-prepared-reflections-on-the-north-korean-childrens-union/ | archivedate = 4 February 2015 | df = dmy-all }} 15. ^{{Cite web | title = Film Review: 'Under the Sun' | last = Harvey | first = Dennis | work = Variety | date = 19 June 2016 | accessdate = 2 February 2017 | url = https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/under-the-sun-review-1201767261/ | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170226214211/http://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/under-the-sun-review-1201767261/ | archivedate = 26 February 2017 | df = dmy-all }} 16. ^1 {{cite book|title=North Korea Society and Culture Complete Report|url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10389224&p04|accessdate=13 January 2017|year=2010|publisher=World Trade Press|location=Petaluma, CA, USA|isbn=978-1-60780-406-2|pages=4|via=ProQuest ebrary}} 17. ^{{cite book|last1=Toimela|first1=Markku|last2=Aalto|first2=Kaj|title= Salakahvilla Pohjois-Koreassa: Markku Toimelan jännittävä tie Pohjois-Korean luottomieheksi|year=2017|publisher=Docendo|location=Jyväskylä|language=fi|isbn=978-952-291-369-2|page=40}} 18. ^{{cite book|first=Donald L.|last=Baker|title=Korean Spirituality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RCBe9w9C2UkC&pg=PA149|year=2008|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3233-9|page=149|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215123202/https://books.google.com/books?id=RCBe9w9C2UkC&pg=PA149|archivedate=15 February 2018}} 19. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web | title = 2014 Calendar Reveals Few Surprises | author = Cho Jong Ik | date = 25 December 2013 | work = Daily NK | accessdate = 19 August 2016 | url = http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?num=11312&cataId=nk01700 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131228072224/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?num=11312&cataId=nk01700 | archivedate = 28 December 2013 | df = dmy-all }} Works cited{{refbegin}}
External links
8 : Anniversaries|Annual events in North Korea|February observances|Kim Jong-il|Public holidays in North Korea|Birthdays of heads of state|Winter events in North Korea|1982 establishments in North Korea |
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