| 词条 | Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin | ||||||||
| 释义 |
|event = Lenin's Funeral |image = File:Lenin's funerals by I.Brodsky (1925) detail 01.jpg |caption = Lenin's funeral (1925), by Isaak Brodsky (detail). |image_size = 300px |participants = RCP(b) leaders, relatives and followers. |location = Red Square, Moscow, Soviet Union |date = 27 January 1924 }} On 21 January 1924, at 18:50 EET, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the October Revolution and the first leader and founder of the Soviet Union, died in Gorki aged 53 after falling into a coma.{{sfnm|1a1=Fischer|1y=1964|1pp=673–674|2a1=Shub|2y=1966|2p=438|3a1=Rice|3y=1990|3p=194|4a1=Volkogonov|4y=1994|4p=435|5a1=Service|5y=2000|5pp=478–479|6a1=White|6y=2001|6p=176|7a1=Read|7y=2005|7p=269}} The official cause of death was recorded as an incurable disease of the blood vessels.{{sfnm|1a1=Volkogonov|1y=1994|1p=435|2a1=Lerner|2a2=Finkelstein|2a3=Witztum|2y=2004|2p=372}} Lenin was given a state funeral and then buried in a specially erected mausoleum on 27 January. A commission of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) was in charge of organizing the funeral. Funeral serviceOn 23 January, the coffin with Lenin's body was transported by train from Gorki to Moscow and displayed at the Hall of Columns in the House of the Unions, and it stayed there for three days.{{sfnm|1a1=Fischer|1y=1964|1p=674|2a1=Shub|2y=1966|2p=439|3a1=Rice|3y=1990|3pp=7–8|4a1=Service|4y=2000|4p=479}}{{sfn|Rice|1990|p=9}} On 27 January, the body of Lenin was delivered to Red Square, accompanied by martial music. There assembled crowds listened to a series of speeches delivered by Mikhail Kalinin, Grigory Zinoviev and Joseph Stalin, but notably not Leon Trotsky, who had been convalescing in the Caucasus.{{sfn|Rice|1990|p=9}} Trotsky would later claim that Stalin had given him the wrong date for the funeral. Afterwards the body was placed into the vault of a temporary wooden mausoleum (soon to be replaced with present-day Lenin's Mausoleum), by the Kremlin Wall.{{sfnm|1a1=Shub|1y=1966|1p=439|2a1=Rice|2y=1990|2p=9|3a1=Service|3y=2000|3pp=479–480}} Despite the freezing temperatures, tens of thousands attended.{{sfn|Volkogonov|1994|p=440}} The commander of the Moscow Garrison issued an order to place the guard of honour at the mausoleum. The people called it the "Number One Sentry". After the events of the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, the guard of honour was disbanded.[1] Against protestations of Nadezhda Krupskaya, Lenin's widow, Lenin's body was embalmed to preserve it for long-term public display in the Red Square mausoleum.{{sfnm|1a1=Fischer|1y=1964|1p=674|2a1=Shub|2y=1966|2p=438|3a1=Volkogonov|3y=1994|3pp=437–438|4a1=Service|4y=2000|4p=481}} During this process, Lenin's brain was removed; in 1925 an institute was established to dissect it, revealing that Lenin had suffered from severe sclerosis.{{sfnm|1a1=Fischer|1y=1964|1pp=625–626|2a1=Volkogonov|2y=1994|2p=446}} Russian MP Vladimir Petrov suggested in 2018 that Lenin’s body be buried in 2024, the 100th anniversary of his death, because it was costing the state too much money to house the body in the mausoleum. The body would be replaced with a wax or rubber model of Lenin. [2] GallerySee also
References1. ^{{web cite|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/07/world/struggle-in-russia-yeltsin-cancels-guards-at-lenin-s-tomb.html|title=STRUGGLE IN RUSSIA; Yeltsin Cancels Guards at Lenin's Tomb|author=|date=7 October 1993|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=11 November 2018}} {{Vladimir Lenin|state=collapsed}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Funeral}}2. ^{{cite news | author= | date=14 November 2018 | title=MP suggests replacing Lenin's mummy with rubber figure | url= http://www.pravdareport.com/news/society/stories/14-11-2018/141990-lenin-0/ | work=Pravda | access-date=22 November 2018 }} 6 : Vladimir Lenin|Funerals in Russia|State funerals|Funerals by person|1924 in Moscow|1924 in the Soviet Union |
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