| 词条 | Yakov Perelman |
| 释义 |
| name = Yakov I. Perelman | image = Yakov Perelman.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Yakov Perelman around 1910. | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1882|12|4}} | birth_place = Białystok, Congress Poland | death_date = {{Death date and age|1942|3|16|1882|12|4}} | death_place = Leningrad, Soviet Union | occupation = | language = | nationality = | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | spouse = | partner = | children = | influences = | influenced = }} Yakov Isidorovich Perelman ({{lang-ru|Яков Исидорович Перельман}}; December 4, 1882 – March 16, 1942) was a Russian and Soviet science writer and author of many popular science books, including Physics Can Be Fun and Mathematics Can Be Fun (both translated from Russian into English). Perelman was born in 1882 in the town of Białystok, Congress Poland. He obtained the Diploma in Forestry from the Imperial Forestry Institute (Now Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University) in Saint Petersburg, in 1909. He was influenced by Ernst Mach and probably the Russian Machist Alexander Bogdanov in his pedagogical approach to popularising science.[1] After the success of "Physics for Entertainment", Perelman set out to produce other books, in which he showed himself to be an imaginative populariser of science. Especially popular were "Arithmetic for entertainment", "Mechanics for entertainment", "Geometry for Entertainment", "Astronomy for entertainment", "Lively Mathematics", " Physics Everywhere", and "Tricks and Amusements". His famous books on physics and astronomy were translated into various languages by the erstwhile Soviet Union. The scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky thought highly of Perelman's talents and creative genius, writing of him in the preface of Interplanetary Journeys: "The author has long been known by his popular, witty and quite scientific works on physics, astronomy and mathematics, which are, moreover written in a marvelous language and are very readable." Perelman has also authored a number of textbooks and articles in Soviet popular science magazines. In addition to his educational and scientific writings, he also worked as an editor of science magazines, including Nature and People and In the Workshop of Nature. Perelman died from starvation in 1942, during the German Siege of Leningrad. The siege started at 9 September 1941 and lasted 872 days, until 27 January 1944. The Siege of Leningrad was one of the longest, most destructive sieges of a major city in modern history and one of the costliest in terms of casualties (1,117,000).[2] His older brother Yosif was a writer who published under the pseudonym Osip Dymov. He is not related to the Russian mathematician Grigori Perelman, who was born in 1966 to a different Yakov Perelman. However, Grigori Perelman told The New Yorker that his father gave him Physics for Entertainment, and it inspired his interest in mathematics.[3] Books
He has also written several books on interplanetary travel (Interplanetary Journeys, On a Rocket to Stars, and World Expanses) Physics for EntertainmentIn 1913, Russian bookshops began carrying Physics for Entertainment. The educationalist's new book attracted young readers seeking answers to scientific questions. Physics for Entertainment had a unique layout as well as an instructive style. In the preface (11th ed.) Perelman wrote: "The main objective of Physics for entertainment is to arouse the activity of scientific imagination, to teach the reader to think in the spirit of the science of physics and to create in his mind a wide variety of associations of physical knowledge with the widely differing facts of life, with all that he normally comes into contact with." In the foreword, Perelman describes the contents as “conundrums, brain-teasers, entertaining anecdotes, and unexpected comparisons,” adding, “I have quoted extensively from Jules Verne, H. G. Wells, Mark Twain and other writers, because, besides providing entertainment, the fantastic experiments these writers describe may well serve as instructive illustrations at physics classes.” The 13th edition (1936) would be the last published during the author's lifetime. Among the book's notable topics was the idea of a perpetual machine: a hypothetical machine which could run incessantly performing useful work. The author discusses perpetual motion, highlighting many attempts to build such a machine, and explains why they failed. Other topics included how to jump from a moving car, and why, “according to the law of buoyancy, we would never drown in the Dead Sea.” Randall Munroe, the creator of the web comic xkcd and author of his own popular science books, wrote:
The book is a series of a few hundred examples, no more than one or two pages each, asking a question that illustrates some idea in basic physics. See also
References1. ^Siemsen, H. (2010) 'Mach’s Science Education, the PISA Study and Czech Science Education' in: Ernst Mach – Fyzika – Filosofie – Vzdělávání. Vol. 1 Brno: Masarykova Univerzita, 2010, pp. 255–265, DOI: 10.5817/CZ.MUNI.M210-4808-2011-255. 2. ^Доктор занимательных наук. Книги. Наука и техника 3. ^*{{cite news | last = Nasar | first = Sylvia |author2=Gruber, David | title = Manifold Destiny: A legendary problem and the battle over who solved it. | work = The New Yorker | date = 21 August 2006 | url = http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060828fa_fact2 | accessdate = 2006-08-24 }} 4. ^[blog.xkcd.com/2009/10/02/physics-for-entertainment/ Physics for Entertainment] Posted on 2009-10-02 by randallpmunro, xkcd: The blag of the webcomic External links
14 : 1882 births|1942 deaths|Recreational mathematicians|Mathematics popularizers|Puzzle designers|Russian Jews|Russian science writers|Soviet non-fiction writers|Jewish Russian writers|Soviet male writers|20th-century Russian male writers|Russian naturalists|Nature writers|Saint Petersburg Forestry Institute alumni |
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