| 词条 | Deep Song (ballet) |
| 释义 |
Theme, score, set and costumeAccording to program notes, Deep Song was "not meant to be an exact picture of a Spanish woman but presents the torture of mind and body experienced in common by all people who react to such suffering as the Spanish people have faced."[3] When Cowell was composing the music for Immediate Tragedy, Graham requested another movement, which he called Canto Hondo, Spanish for "deep song". In Flamenco music, deep songs (cante jondo) are the most serious of the vocal form. Sometimes, Graham used both compositions for Immediate Tragedy; other times, she used only the original sarabande. Deep Song was choreographed to Canto Hondo on its own. The music for both ballets was lost for decades. Canto Hondo was discovered in 2003 behind a desk at the Martha Graham Dance Company's offices. The score for Immediate Tragedy has never been found.[4] Graham designed both the set and costume for Deep Song. The set consisted of a single long low wooden bench, similar to the one constructed for Lamentation. It suggested both a coffin and mourners' pew, and served as an axis for the soloist's motions.[5][6] The costume alluded to Pablo Picasso's powerful mural Guernica, painted in the same year Deep Song was made. As Graham danced, the lines of her body in the long striped black and white dress formed graphic strokes of white against the black velvet backdrop.[7][8] ChoreographyThe choreography embodied the suffering of the Spanish people. "It was full of strange, strong creation, full of angular spasms, of Picasso style abstractions in plane and three-dimensional mobility, expressing as no newspaper story with a Madrid date line has done of the struggle..."[9] Program notes for the troupe's 2015 season described "the forms of the dance – its swirls, crawls on the floor, contractions and falls" as "kinetic experiences of the human experience in war... It is the anatomy of anguish from tragic events."[10] Critical receptionFrom the outset, the solo was received favorably, although some reviewers thought the piece overwrought. The Boston Transcripts critic wrote, "the dancer seemed to be overplaying her hand, so that what began as a moving portrait ended, by overstatement, in losing some of its point."[11] Another reviewer, noted the dance was "exaggerated in delineation and repetitious in content but a highly effective though stylized portrayal of a tortured mind and body."[12] Following a Graham retrospective in 1944, The New York Times' dance critic John Martin wrote the work was not among those that "seemed to do most completely what they set out to do," but could be categorized with dances having "aspects, elements, passages of beauty and power." He referred to Deep Song in particular as an "extraordinary evocation."[13] Performance historyDeep Song was presented fairly frequently from its premiere to the mid-1940s. In January 1938, Graham performed the solo at the New York Hippodrome in the second "Dance for Spain" benefit concert. The event may have been where she first met future husband and dance partner Erick Hawkins, who was appearing with Ballet Caravan.[14]During the 1980s, Graham, who disliked revivals, was persuaded to reprise some of her earlier dances. Deep Song was restaged in 1988. Graham alone had danced the solo role, but did not remember all the choreography. Former company members helped her recreate the work from their recollections and Barbara Morgan's photographs of the piece. Since the original score was lost at the time, Cowell's Sinister Resonance was used in its place.[15] Since its reconstruction, Xin Ying, Blakeley White McGuire, Carrie Ellmore-Tallitsch, Terese Capucilli, Christine Dakin, and Joyce Herring have appeared in the solo role. Deep Song is in the current Martha Graham Dance Company repertory.[16]References1. ^{{cite web|title=Deep Song (Ballet choreographed by Martha Graham)|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200182816/default.html|website=Performing Arts Encyclopedia, Library of Congress|accessdate=31 January 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Immediate Tragedy (Ballet choreographed by Martha Graham)|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200182814/default.html|website=Performing Arts Encyclopedia, Library of Congress|accessdate=29 January 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Martha Graham and Company (concert program)|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/natlib/ihas/service/graham.1/200154094/200154094.pdf|website=Performing Arts Encyclopedia, Library of Congress|accessdate=2 February 2016}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Sachs|first1=Joel|title=Henry Cowell: A Man Made of Music|date=July 11, 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195108958|page=338|edition=1st}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Schulman|first1=Jennie|title=Dance Diary: Martha Graham Lives Again|url=http://www.backstage.com/news/dance-diary-martha-graham-lives-again/|accessdate=3 February 2016|work=Backstage|date=February 21, 2001}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=None but the Great...|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200154066/pageturner.html|accessdate=3 February 2016|work=Christian Science Monitor|date=November 3, 1938}} 7. ^{{cite web|last1=Phillips|first1=Lucy Victoria|title=The Strange Commodity of Cultural Exchange: Martha Graham and the State Department on Tour, 1955-1987|url=http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/download/fedora_content/download/ac:188521/CONTENT/Phillips_columbia_0054D_11392.pdf|website=Columbia University|accessdate=31 January 2016}} 8. ^{{cite news|last1=Casson|first1=Gordon|title=Martha Graham Makes a Plea for Democracy|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200154105/enlarge.html?page=1&size=1024&from=pageturner|accessdate=31 January 2016|work=People's World|date=March 14, 1939}} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Oliver|first1=W.E.|title=Dances of Graham, Group Score|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200154099/enlarge.html?page=1&size=640&from=pageturner|accessdate=31 January 2016|work=Los Angeles Herald & Express|date=March 11, 1939}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Deep Song (1937)|url=https://vimeo.com/140977977|website=Martha Graham Dance Company, Vimeo|accessdate=3 February 2016}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Moses|title=Dance in the Graham Manner|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200154065/enlarge.html?page=1§ion=&size=1024&from=pageturner|accessdate=3 February 2016|work=Boston Transcript|date=November 3, 1938}} 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Lawrence|first1=Johanna|title=Martha Graham combines drama and the dance|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200154103/enlarge.html?page=1§ion=&size=1024&from=pageturner|accessdate=31 January 2016|work=Los Angeles Evening News|date=March 11, 1939}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=John|title=The Dance: Graham in Retrospect|url=http://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200153455/enlarge.html?page=1&from=pageturner|accessdate=3 February 2016|work=The New York Times|date=May 21, 1944}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Franko|first1=Mark|title=Martha Graham in Love and War: The Life in the Work|date=March 1, 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199367856|page=187|edition=Reprint}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Kisselgoff|first1=Anna|title=Dance View: Graham's 'Deep Song': 51 and Still Protesting|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/16/arts/dance-view-graham-s-deep-song-51-and-still-protesting.html|accessdate=2 February 2016|work=The New York Times|date=October 18, 1988}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Martha Graham Dance Company Repertory|url=http://marthagraham.org/press-presenters2/repertory/|website=Martha Graham Dance Company|accessdate=3 February 2016}} External links
2 : 1937 ballet premieres|Ballets by Martha Graham |
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