词条 | Yang Wu |
释义 |
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hant|吳}}}} |conventional_long_name = Wu |common_name = Wu (Ten Kingdoms) | |era = Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period |status = Empire |status_text = |empire = Tang Dynasty |government_type = Monarchy | | |year_start = 907 |year_end = 937 | |year_exile_start = |year_exile_end = | |event_start = Fall of the Tang Dynasty |date_start = June 1 |event_end = Ended by the Southern Tang |date_end = | |event1 = Yang Longyan proclaimed himself King and inaugurated a new era name |date_event1 = 919 |event2 = Yang Pu acceded the throne as Emperor |date_event2 = November 29, 927 |event3 = |date_event3 = |event4 = |date_event4 = | |event_pre = Foundation of the State of Wu under Tang rule |date_pre = 902 |event_post = |date_post = | |p1 = Tang Dynasty |s1 = Southern Tang | |image_flag = |flag = |flag_type = | |image_coat = |symbol = |symbol_type = | |image_map = L.LIANG.jpg |image_map_caption = | |capital = Guangling |capital_exile = |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= | |national_motto = |national_anthem = |common_languages = Middle Chinese |religion = |currency = {{plainlist|
| |leader1 = Yang Wo |leader2 = Yang Longyan |leader3 = Yang Pu |leader4 = |year_leader1 = 907–908 |year_leader2 = 908–921 |year_leader3 = 921–937 |year_leader4 = |title_leader = Prince/King/Emperor |deputy1 = |deputy2 = |deputy3 = |deputy4 = |year_deputy1 = |year_deputy2 = |year_deputy3 = |year_deputy4 = |title_deputy = | |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = |stat_year2 = |stat_area2 = |stat_pop2 = |stat_year3 = |stat_area3 = |stat_pop3 = |stat_year4 = |stat_area4 = |stat_pop4 = |stat_year5 = |stat_area5 = |stat_pop5 = |footnotes = }} Wu ({{lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|吳}}}}), also referred to as Huainan ({{lang|zh|淮南}}), Hongnong ({{lang|zh-hant|弘農}}), Southern Wu ({{lang|zh-hant|南吳}}), or Yang Wu (楊吳), was one of the Ten Kingdoms in eastern China which was in existence from 907 to 937. Its capital was Jiangdu Municipality ({{lang|zh|江都}}) (modern Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province). Some historians consider Wu to have begun in 902, when Yang Xingmi was named Prince of Wu by the Tang dynasty. All three rulers of Wu after 907 (when the Tang dynasty collapsed) were Yang Xingmi's sons. The first ruler Yang Wo was murdered by Xu Wen and Zhang Hao, and his two brothers after him were effectively puppets dominated by Xu Wen at first, and later Xu Wen's adopted son Xu Zhigao (Li Bian) who in 937 usurped power to establish Southern Tang. Yang Pu, the last ruler, was the only one to claim the title of emperor; the other rulers were kings or princes. FoundingThe founder of Wu, Yang Xingmi, started his career as a volunteer soldier before seizing power in his home prefecture Luzhou in a military coup. The weak Tang court could only confirm his position. In 887 the governor of Huainan, Gao Pian, was captured by Bi Shiduo. Xingmi defeated Shiduo and captured the provincial capital Yangzhou later that year, but by then Pian had been put to death by Shiduo. Another rebel leader, Sun Ru had Shiduo killed and absorbed his forces. Yang Xingmi was forced to abandon Yangzhou and retreat to Luzhou. With Luzhou as his base, Xingmi increased his power by seizing neighbouring prefectures until he could recapture Yangzhou in 892. For this act, the Tang court granted him the military governorship of Huainan. While still nominally loyal to the Tang dynasty, rival warlords were now carving out their own statelets. Yang Xingmi clashed with Zhu Wen of Later Liang in the north and Qian Liu of Wuyue in the south, successfully defending his territory. In 902 Yang Xingmi was named Prince of Wu by Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. IndependenceYang Xingmi died in 905 and was succeeded by his oldest son Yang Wo. In 907 Zhu Wen forced the last Tang emperor to abdicate and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Later Liang. Yang Wo refused to acknowledge this change and continued the use of the last era name of Tang. From this point Wu was an independent, sovereign entity.[1] Subversion of power by Xu WenYoung and untested at his father's death Yang Wo had relied on the director of the guard, Xu Wen, for his ascension, but later grew to resent Xu Wen's influence. However, before he could pull himself free, Yang Wo was assassinated by Xu Wen and his colleague Zhang Hao in 908. Wen and Hao had initially planned to divide Wu between themselves and submit to Liang, but they soon fell out. Xu Wen installed Yang Wo's younger brother Longyan and had Zhang Hao killed. Yang Longyan was a mere puppet with Xu Wen as the state's true ruler. Wen made himself Runzhou governor and moved his command to Jinling. The regular administration at the capital was left to his son Xu Zhixun. After Zhixun's murder in 918, this position was inherited by Wen's stepson, Zhigao. In 919, Yang Longyan proclaimed himself King of Wu and inaugurated a new era name, thus for the first time Wu officially claimed to be a sovereign state. Longyan died of illness in 922 and was succeeded by his brother, Xingmi's fourth son, Yang Pu. As before, Xu Wen had the real power. He prodded Yang Pu to proclaim himself emperor, but died in 927 before this could happen. 29 November 927 Yang Pu acceded the throne as Emperor of Wu. Xu Zhigao was made grand marshal and director of the Chancellery. Territorial ExtentThe Wu capital was at Guangling (present-day Yangzhou), and held present-day central and southern Anhui, central and southern Jiangsu, much of Jiangxi, and eastern Hubei. End of the KingdomXu Zhigao had been adopted by Xu Wen on Yang Xingmi's insistence and soon proved himself an able man. He came to power in Wu after his stepfather's death in 927 and continued to rule the state as governor of Jinling for some time. Finally in 937 he formally seized power for himself by proclaiming himself King of Qi and Yang Pu abdicated. Two years later, by claiming descent from a Tang prince Xu Zhigao and restoring his surname of Li, Xu Zhigao became Li Bian and proclaimed the restoration of the Tang. His state would be known to history as the Southern Tang.[1]Rulers
Wu and Southern Tang rulers family tree{{chart top|collapsed=yes|width=auto|Southern Tang and Wu}}{{Color sample|border=#007FFF|white; border-width:3px}} – Wu emperors; {{Color sample|border=#FFA500|white; border-width:3px}} – Southern Tang emperors{{chart/start|style=font-size:110%;|align=center|summary=Southern Tang and Wu chinese emperos family tree}}{{chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | Yxm | | XuW | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Yxm={{nowrap| Yang Xingmi杨行密 874–905 Taizu 太祖 902–905}}|XuW={{nowrap| Xu Wen 徐溫 862–927 Yizu 義祖}}}}{{chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | |!|Q| |Q|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}{{chart|border=1| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|(|Y|P|G|`|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | }}{{chart|border=1|Ywo | |Yly | |Ypu | |Lis | | Zhu | | Kan | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ywo={{nowrap| Yang Wo 杨渥 886–908 Liezu 烈祖 (905–)907–908}}|boxstyle_Ywo=border-width:2px; border-color:#007FFF|Yly={{nowrap| Yang Longyan 897–920 Gaozu 高祖 908–920}}|boxstyle_Yly=border-width:2px; border-color:#007FFF|Ypu={{nowrap| Yang Pu 杨溥 900–938 Ruidi 睿帝 920–937}}|boxstyle_Ypu=border-width:2px; border-color:#007FFF|Lis={{nowrap| Li Bian 李昪 888–943 Liezu 烈祖 937–943}}|boxstyle_Lis=border-width:2px; border-color:#FFA500|Zhu={{nowrap| Xú Zhīxùn (elder) 徐知訓 d. 918}}|Kan={{nowrap| Xú Zhīxùn (younger) 徐知詢 d. 934 Kang of Donghai 東海康王}}}}{{chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|b|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}{{chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|b|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}{{chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | Yal |~| Prs | | Sha |~| Jin | |Lij | | Ljs | | Zha |Yal={{nowrap| Yang Lian 杨琏 d. 940 Jing of Hongnong 弘農靖王}}|Prs={{nowrap| Princess Yongxing 永兴公主 917–940}}|Sha={{nowrap| Princess Shangrao 上饶公主 d. 937}}|Jin={{nowrap| Xu Jingqian 徐景遷 919–937 Ding of Chu 楚定王}}|Lij={{nowrap| Li Jing 李璟 916–961 Yuanzong 元宗 943–961}}|boxstyle_Lij=border-width:2px; border-color:#FFA500|Ljs={{nowrap| Li Jingsui 李景遂 920–958 Cr. Prince Wencheng 文成太弟}}|Zha={{nowrap| Li Jingda 李景達 924–971 Cr. Prince Zhaoxiao 昭孝太弟}}}}{{chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}{{chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Liy | | | | | | | | |Liy={{nowrap| Li Yu 李煜 937–978 Houzhu 后主 961–975}}|boxstyle_Liy=border-width:2px; border-color:#FFA500}}{{chart/end}}{{chart bottom}} See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^1 {{cite book|title=Imperial China 900-1800|author=Mote, F.W.|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1999|page=14}} Sources
External links
9 : Yang Wu|Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms|907 establishments|10th-century establishments in China|930s disestablishments|10th-century disestablishments in China|States and territories established in the 900s|States and territories disestablished in the 930s|Wu (region) |
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