| 词条 | Deliberative referendum |
| 释义 |
A deliberative referendum is a referendum that increases public deliberation through purposeful institutional design.[1] The term ‵deliberative referendum′ stems from deliberative democracy,[2] which emphasises that ″the legitimacy of decisions can be increased if ... decisions are preceded by authentic deliberation.″[3] Deliberative design features can promote public deliberation prior to and during the referendum vote to increase its actual and perceived legitimacy.[4] Deliberative referendums encourage open-minded and informed reasoning, rather than rigid ″pre-formed opinions.″[5] ″[A]fter deliberations, citizens routinely alter their preferences″.[4] In practice, a deliberative referendum includes a variety of institutional design features. These include using a citizens' jury to set referendum questions and educate the public, further public education via mandatory interactive tutorials before voting, and focusing referendums on broad values rather than technicalities.[6] Some authors note how legal regulation can also aid referendum deliberation.[7] One deliberative referendum method increasingly in use is the Citizens' Initiative Review; this is a randomly-selected body, similar to a citizen's jury, convened specifically to deliberate on a ballot initiative or referendum that voters in the same jurisdiction (such as a city, state, province, or country) will later vote on.[8] Constitutional deliberative referendums can ″provide citizens with a meaningful say in determining the most fundamental constitutional decisions that affect their lives.″[9] Voter deliberation is significant here as the referendum result could change the state’s political status or impact the enjoyment of human rights.[10]References1. ^Levy, Ron (2013) ″Deliberative Voting: Realising Constitutional Referendum Democracy″ Public Law p.557. 2. ^Tierney, Stephen (2013) ″Using Electoral Law to Construct a Deliberative Referendum Moving Beyond the Democratic Paradox″12(4) Election Law Journal p.509. 3. ^Leib, Ethan J (2006) ″Can Direct Democracy Be Made Deliberative?″ 54 Buffalo Law Review p.903. 4. ^1 Leib, Ethan J (2006) ″Can Direct Democracy Be Made Deliberative?″ 54 Buffalo Law Review p.910. 5. ^ Tierney, Stephen (2013) ″Using Electoral Law to Construct a Deliberative Referendum Moving Beyond the Democratic Paradox″ 12(4) Election Law Journal pp.508-512. 6. ^Levy, Ron (2017) ″The Deliberative Case for Constitutional Referenda ″ Election Journal p. 214-215. 7. ^ Tierney, Stephen (2013) ″Using Electoral Law to Construct a Deliberative Referendum Moving Beyond the Democratic Paradox″ 12(4) Election Law Journal p.523. 8. ^ John Gastil and Robert Richards, ‘Making Direct Democracy Deliberative Through Random Assemblies’ (2013) 41(2) , Politics & Society (2013) 41 (2). 9. ^ Tierney, Stephen (2013) ″Using Electoral Law to Construct a Deliberative Referendum Moving Beyond the Democratic Paradox″ 12(4) Election Law Journal p.510. 10. ^Levy, Ron (2013) ″Deliberative Voting: Realising Constitutional Referendum Democracy″ Public Law p.559. 4 : Political philosophy|Referendums|Group decision-making|Democracy |
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