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词条 Democracy in Europe Movement 2025
释义

  1. Agenda

  2. Structure

  3. Development, criticism and reception

  4. National parties associated with DiEM25 (European Spring)

  5. Prominent members

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Disputed|date=March 2019}}{{Infobox organization
|name=Democracy in Europe
Movement 2025
|image=File:DiEM25.svg
|size=
|formation={{start date and age|2016|2|9|df=y}}
|founders={{plainlist|
  • Yanis Varoufakis
  • Srećko Horvat

}}
|type=Political movement
|members=97,000[1]
|location=European Union
|key_people={{collapsible list
|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;
|title=List of key people
|Yanis Varoufakis
|Srećko Horvat
|Lorenzo Marsili
|Julian Assange
|Noam Chomsky
|Ada Colau
|Brian Eno
|Julien Bayou
|Jean-Michel Jarre
|James K. Galbraith
|Susan George
|Boris Groys
|Ken Loach
|Toni Negri
|Saskia Sassen
|Slavoj Žižek
|Federico Mayor Zaragoza
}}
|website={{url|diem25.org}}
}}

The Democracy in Europe Movement 2025, or DiEM25, is a pan-European political movement launched in 2015 by former Greek Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis and Croatian philosopher Srećko Horvat. The movement was officially presented at a ceremonial event held on 9 February 2016 in the Volksbühne theatre in Berlin[2] and on 23 March in Rome.[3]

DiEM25 argues that the opportunity to create political organisations at a pan-European level needs to be seized. Its participants consider that the model of national parties forming fragile alliances in the European Parliament is obsolete and that a pan-European movement is necessary to confront the great economic, political and social crisis that Europe is going through. In its analysis, the movement considers that this crisis threatens to disintegrate Europe and has characteristics that are similar to the Great Depression experienced in the 1930s.[4]

The movement aims to reform the European Union's existing institutions to create a "full-fledged democracy with a sovereign Parliament respecting national self-determination and sharing power with national Parliaments, regional assemblies and municipal councils".[5] The movement is supported by, among others, prominent American linguist and political activist Noam Chomsky, Italian philosopher Antonio Negri, American anthropologist Charles Nuckolls, American economist James K. Galbraith, former Labour MP Stuart Holland. Diverse figures that include Julian Assange, Ken Loach, Caroline Lucas, British Labour politician John McDonnell, Dutch sociologist Saskia Sassen, Franco Berardi, and Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek, amongst others, are on its Advisory Panel. [https://diem25.org/ap]

The acronym DiEM alludes to the Latin phrase carpe diem. To highlight the urgency of democratising Europe before reaching a point of no return, the movement sets the horizon for the year 2025 to draft a democratic constitution that will replace all the European treaties that are in force today. One year after its foundation, DiEM25 declared that it had over 60,000 members from across the European Union.[1]

Its tendencies are alter-globalisation,[5] social ecology,[6] ecofeminism,[7] post-growth,[8][9] post-capitalism[10][11] and European federalism.[10] Implementation of a universal basic income is widely defended among its members.[12][13][10]

Agenda

DiEM25 seeks to create a more democratic Europe. They see the European Union becoming a technocratic superstate ruled by edict. DiEM25 aim instead to make Europe a union of people governed by democratic consent. DiEM25 cites eight distinct elements of European governance by compulsion, the first of which is "hit-squad inspectorates and the Troika they formed together with unelected ‘technocrats’ from other international and European institutions".[14]

DiEM25 would like to act as an umbrella organization, gathering left-wing parties, grassroots protest movements and "rebel regions" to develop a common response to the five crises Europe faces today: debt, banking, poverty, low investment and migration.[15] Further, DiEM25 wishes to reform EU institutions, originally designed to serve industry, so that they become fully transparent and responsive to European citizens. Ultimately, DiEM25 envisions European citizens writing a democratic constitution for the European Union.

DiEM25 seeks to avert European fracture. They cite emerging extremist nationalism, and so-called Brexit and Grexit, as splintering Europe. In the lead up to the Brexit referendum, DiEM25 co-founder Yanis Varoufakis worked with British Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn to support Britain's stay in the European Union. Varoufakis cited the special concessions [16] granted by the European Union to the United Kingdom in February 2016 as evidence of European disintegration.[17]

DiEM25 seeks to form the first transnational political party, and in May 2017 began discussing running such a party in the 2019 European Parliament election.[18] Varoufakis stated that in some countries it would cooperate with national parties that agree with the DiEM25 agenda, such as Razem in Poland or The Alternative in Denmark, while in others it might decide to run separately from any existing parties.[19] By 2019, this transnational party was working under the moniker European Spring.[24]

DiEM25 supports the petition "Transparency in Europe now!", requesting the live broadcasting of the meetings of major European institutions, a comprehensive list of all Brussels lobbyists and the electronic publication of all TTIP negotiating documents.[20]

Structure

DiEM25 has four constituent parts: a Coordinating Collective (CC), a Validation Council (VC), DiEM25 Spontaneous Collectives (DSCs), and an Advisory Board. DiEM25 uses crowdfunding to raise money.[21]

The Coordinating Collective has twelve members who meet weekly to lead DiEM25’s actions. DiEM25 schedules an electronic vote every six months to permit all DiEM25 members to renew half of the CC's seats. Coordinating Collective members cannot simultaneously belong to another political party, or be ministers or parliamentarians still in office.[22]

The Validation Council has 100 participants who monitor DiEM25 members’ good conduct, make decisions when urgency and time do not permit a membership digital referendum, and validate the Coordinating Collective’s proposals. Any DiEM25 member can apply to join the VC; DiEM25 selects Validation Council seats by drawing lots. Like the Coordinating Collective vote, DiEM25 schedules a selection for half of the VC's seats every six months.[23]

DiEM25 Spontaneous Collectives self-organize to forward DiEM’s goals. DSCs form based on affinity and municipal, regional or national location, meeting face-to-face or online.[24]

The Advisory Board advises DiEM25. The Coordinating Collective and the Validation Council jointly elect advisors based on their recognized achievements and expertise in their fields (artistic, political, academic).[25]

Development, criticism and reception

The launch of the initiative was widely covered by the international press. The leading European media reflected in their reports the following days both the potential of the movement and the major contradictions it faces. Varoufakis was asked by the press about the relationship between his initiative and the proposals that exist on the part of other leaders of the European left to confront and to handle the so-called "crisis of neoliberalism", namely the position of Oskar Lafontaine in Germany and Jean-Luc Mélenchon in France, for a recovery of sovereignty and a return to national currencies, abandoning the euro. On this point, which is arguably the most contentious due to the confrontation of opposing positions within the European left, Varoufakis unequivocally rejected a return of sovereignty to nation-states. On the contrary, the emphasis of its movement would be on the repoliticisation of Europe as a unit and on the democratisation of its institutions as a way of dealing with tendencies of separation, fragmentation, competition and isolation.[26]

In an article entitled "Varoufakis' kleine Internationale gegen Kapitalismus" (Varoufakis' little International against capitalism), the conservative German newspaper Die Welt suggested that Varoufakis' proposals "would shatter Europe apart rather than cure it". In its note on the launching of DiEM25, the paper suggests that this initiative was a product of Varoufakis being "embittered" by the rejection of his ideas. According to the article, Varoufakis could not have been able to accept that his colleagues had not wanted to follow him and—since he had not been able to impose himself at the national level—he would have concluded that he needed international alliances. While in Hungary or Poland the conservative sectors are betting on emancipation, Varoufakis would be trying to form an alliance all across Europe to defend left-wing politics.[27]

National parties associated with DiEM25 (European Spring)

From its foundation, DiEM25 gathered affiliations from national political parties that agree with the DiEM25 agenda. From this alliance, during 2018, DiEM25 established{{Dubious|date=March 2019}} an electoral list for the 2019 European Parliament elections named European Spring, that by 2019 was styling itself a transnational European political party.[28] On 25 November 2018, Yannis Varoufakis was chosen as a Spitzenkandidat for DieM25 in the 2019 European Parliament elections. He has decided, and was elected with great majority, to be on the candiates list of [https://www.deineuropa.jetzt/en/candidates/ "Demokratie in Europa"] in Germany lateron.[29]

Affiliated{{Dubious|date=March 2019}} parties are:

PartyNationSeats in upper chamberSeats in lower chamberSeats in European ParliamentLast election resultRef
Der WandelAustria0|61}}0|183}}0|18}}Did Not Stand[30]
AlternativetDenmarkUnicameral10|179|hex=#00FF00}}0|13|hex=#00FF00}}4.8%[31]
Génération.sFrance1|348|hex=#CD3266}}1|577|hex=#CD3266}}2|74|hex=#CD3266}}Did Not Stand[32]
Nouvelle Donne0|348}}0|577|hex=#CC00CC}}0|74}}Did Not Stand[33]
Demokratie in EuropaGermany{{Composition bar|0|69}}{{Composition bar|0|709}}{{Composition bar|0|96}}Did Not Stand[34]
Demokratie in Bewegung0.1%[34]
MeRA25GreeceUnicameral0|300|hex={{Coalition of the Radical Left/meta/color}}}}1|21|hex=#EF3F1E}}Did Not Stand[35]
Free and Equal (dealing)a}}4|315|hex=#C72837}}14|630|hex=#C72837}}6|73|hex=#C72837}} 3.4%[36]
RazemPoland0|100|hex=#870f57}}0|460|hex=#870f57}}0|51|hex=#870f57}}3.6%[37]
LIVREPortugalUnicameral0|230|hex=#2C8028}}0|21|hex={{Czech Pirate Party/meta/color}}}}0.7%[38]
ActúaSpain0|265}}0|350}}0|54}}Did Not Stand[33]
  • {{cnote|a|Since 2016, Luigi De Magistris's Democracy and Autonomy was member for Italy,[39] but in November 2018 it broke with Diem25 in favour of an alliance with PaP.[40]}}

Prominent members

  • Yanis Varoufakis (Greece)
  • Rui Tavares (Portugal)
  • Srećko Horvat (Croatia)
  • Lorenzo Marsili (Italy)
  • Noam Chomsky (United States)
  • Ada Colau (Spain)
  • Brian Eno (United Kingdom)
  • Julien Bayou (France)
  • Jean-Michel Jarre (France)[41]
  • James K. Galbraith (United States)
  • Susan George (United States/France)
  • Boris Groys (Germany)
  • Ken Loach (United Kingdom)
  • Toni Negri (Italy)
  • Baltasar Garzón (Spain)
  • Saskia Sassen (United States/Netherlands)
  • Mikuláš Peksa (Czech Republic)[42]
  • Slavoj Žižek (Slovenia)
  • Agnieszka Dziemianowicz-Bąk (Poland)
  • Federico Mayor Zaragoza (Spain)[43]
  • Aleksandar Novaković (Serbia)

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://internal.diem25.org/members|title=Members|website=Diem25 - Democracy in Europe Movement 2025}}
2. ^{{cite news|last=Varoufakis|first=Yanis | author-link = Yanis Varoufakis|title= EU no longer serves the people|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/feb/05/eu-no-longer-serves-people-europe-diem25|date=9 February 2016|access-date=9 February 2016}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/diem25/democracy-in-europe-diem25-in-rome-with-yanis-varoufakis|title=Democracy in Europe: DiEM25 in Rome with Yanis Varoufakis|date=29 March 2016|work=openDemocracy}}
4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.afp.com/es/noticias/varoufakis-lanza-un-movimiento-para-evitar-la-desintegracion-de-la-ue|title=Varoufakis lanza un movimiento para evitar la desintegración de la UE|author=Redacción|date=9 February 2016|work=AFP (Agence France-Presse)|accessdate=11 February 2016}}
5. ^{{cite AV media | people= Yanis Varoufakis | date= December 2015 | access-date = 3 May 2018 | title= Capitalism will eat democracy — unless we speak up | medium= Video | publisher= TEDGlobal | url = https://www.ted.com/talks/yanis_varoufakis_capitalism_will_eat_democracy_unless_we_speak_up }}
6. ^{{cite AV media | people= Susan George | date= October 2009 | access-date = 3 May 2018 | title= Susan George on Ecological Economics | medium= Video | publisher= EcoLabs1 via YouTube | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H48WVa-LVfM }}
7. ^{{cite news | last = Pietrandrea | first = Paola | title = The polis needs the feminine, at least as much as the feminine needs the polis | url = https://diem25.org/the-polis-needs-the-feminine-at-least-as-much-as-the-feminine-needs-the-polis/ | website = diem25.org | publisher = Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 | date = March 2018 | access-date = 3 May 2018}}
8. ^{{cite news | last = Collins | first = Abel | title = Chomsky: Putting the eco back in economy | url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/abel-collins/chomsky-putting-the-eco-i_b_4757298.html | work = HuffPost | date = 13 February 2014 | access-date = 3 May 2018}}
9. ^{{cite news | last = Bershidsky | first = Leonid | title = Happy nations don't focus on growth | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-03-20/happy-nations-don-t-focus-on-growth | work = Bloomberg News | date = 20 March 2017 | access-date = 3 May 2018}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite news | title = Progressive Agenda for Europe | url = https://diem25.org/progressive-agenda-for-europe/ | website = diem25.org | publisher = Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 | access-date = 3 May 2018}}
11. ^{{cite news | last = Lydon | first = Christopher | title = Noam Chomsky: Neoliberalism is destroying our democracy | url = https://www.thenation.com/article/noam-chomsky-neoliberalism-destroying-democracy/ | work = The Nation | date = 2 June 2017 | access-date = 3 May 2018}}
12. ^{{cite news | last = Samuel | first = Henry | title = Leftist Benoît Hamon who wants 'universal wage' for all wins French Socialist primaries in boost for Emmanuel Macron | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/29/leftist-benoit-hamon-wants-universal-wage-wins-french-socialist/ | work = The Telegraph | date = 29 January 2017 | access-date = 3 May 2018}}
13. ^{{cite AV media | people= Yanis Varoufakis and Noam Chomsky | date= 28 June 2017 | access-date = 3 May 2018 | title= Noam Chomsky & Yanis Varoufakis discuss Basic Income | medium= Video | publisher= acTVism Munich via Pressenza | url = https://www.pressenza.com/2017/06/varoufakis-and-chomsky-discuss-basic-income/ }}
14. ^1 {{cite news | title = The EU will be democratised. Or it will disintegrate! | url = https://diem25.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/diem25_english_long.pdf | website = diem25.org | publisher = Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 | date = 9 February 2016 | access-date = 23 April 2016}}
15. ^{{cite news|last=Oltermann|first=Philip|title=Yanis Varoufakis launches pan-European leftwing movement DiEM25|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/10/yanis-varoufakis-launches-pan-european-leftwing-movement-diem25|work=The Guardian|date=10 February 2016 | access-date = 7 February 2018}}
16. ^{{cite news|last1=Mason|first1=Rowena|last2=Rankin|first2=Jennifer|title=EU renegotiation: UK wins partial concession on migrant worker benefits|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/feb/02/eu-renogotiaion-tusk-proposes-migrant-worker-benefit-cap|work=The Guardian|date=2 February 2016 | access-date = 22 February 2016}}
17. ^{{cite news |last=Sánchez-Vallejo|first=María Antonia|title=“Lo ocurrido con Cameron confirma la descomposición de la UE”|url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2016/02/21/actualidad/1456073107_693401.html|work=El País| language = French |date=21 February 2016 | access-date = 22 February 2016}}
18. ^{{cite news | title = DiEM25 to form Europe’s first transnational political party | url = https://diem25.org/diem25-to-form-europes-first-transnational-political-party/ | website = diem25.org | publisher = Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 | date = May 2017 | access-date = 31 May 2017}}
19. ^{{cite news | last1 = Beucker | first1 = Pascal | last2 = Hecht | first2 = Patricia | title = „Wir fangen gerade erst an“ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170531014308/https://www.taz.de/!5409444/ | archive-date = 31 May 2017 | url = https://www.taz.de/!5409444/ | work = Die Tageszeitung | date = 26 May 2017 | access-date = 31 May 2017}}
20. ^{{cite news | title = „Transparency in Europe now!“ | url = https://you.wemove.eu/campaigns/transparency | website = you.wemove.eu | publisher = WeMove.EU | date = | access-date = 15 September 2017}}
21. ^{{cite news | last = Guerzoni | first = Monica | title = „Le sinistre senza guida“ | url = https://www.corriere.it/politica/16_marzo_24/varoufakis-sinistre-senza-guida-negri-civati-d0a5b5fe-f142-11e5-9f30-007f8fe49766.shtml | work = Corriere della Sera | language = Italian | date = 23 March 2016 | access-date = 15 September 2017}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://diem25.org/cc/|title=Coordinating Collective|website=Diem25 - Democracy in Europe Movement 2025|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-06}}
23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://internal.diem25.org/en/vc/view|title=DiEM25 Validating Council|website=DiEM25 - Democracy in Europe Movement 2025|access-date=2019-03-06}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://internal.diem25.org/en/dscs/view|title=DiEM25 Local Groups / DSCs|website=DiEM25 - Democracy in Europe Movement 2025|access-date=2019-03-06}}
25. ^{{Cite web|url=https://diem25.org/ap/|title=Advisory Panel|website=Diem25 - Democracy in Europe Movement 2025|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-06}}
26. ^{{cite news |first= Marco |last=Bascetta |author2= Sandro Mezzadra |title= Varoufakis appeals for democratic awakening |url= http://ilmanifesto.global/varoufakis-appeals-for-democratic-awakening/ |work= Il Manifesto (global edition)|publisher= |date= 10 February 2016 |accessdate=12 February 2016}}
27. ^{{cite news |author=Jan Dams |title=Varoufakis' kleine Internationale gegen Kapitalismus |url=https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article152048907/Varoufakis-kleine-Internationale-gegen-Kapitalismus.html |work=Die Welt|publisher= |date=10 February 2016 |accessdate=12 February 2016 }}
28. ^1 '[https://www.economist.com/europe/2019/02/02/what-yanis-varoufakis-did-next What Yanis Varoufakis did next]', The Economist (31 January 2019).
29. ^'[https://euobserver.com/tickers/143495 Varoufakis elected DiEM25's 'Spitzenkandidat']', EUObserver (26 November 2018).
30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.derwandel.at/wandel-am-sprung-ins-eu-parlament/|title=Wandel am Sprung ins EU-Parlament|date=2018-11-26|website=Wandel|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-01-16}}
31. ^{{cite web |last1=The Alternative |title=A progressive Europe |url=https://alternativet.dk/en/politics/comments-on-international-politics/a-progressive-europe |accessdate=4 October 2018 |language=English |quote="At the same time, we want to extend our engagement at the European level, and actively take part in the all-European debate so that we can find common solutions to our shared European problems. Therefore, we keep on strengthening our cooperation with other progressive forces and initiatives, such as the new progressive movement DiEM25."}}
32. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.europe1.fr/politique/europeennes-hamon-et-varoufakis-veulent-pousser-des-listes-avec-un-programme-commun-3552323|title=Européennes : Hamon et Varoufakis veulent pousser des listes avec un programme commun|last=E1|date=22 January 2018|work=Europe 1|accessdate=11 February 2018|language=French}}
33. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://diem25.org/european_spring_frankfurt/|title=The European Spring is arriving in Frankfurt on October 26!|website=diem25.org|publisher=Democracy in Europe Movement 2025|language=English|access-date=20 October 2018}}
34. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://internal.diem25.org/fr/vote/72/public|title=Alliance électorale entre DiE et DiB|website=diem25.org|publisher=Democracy in Europe Movement 2025|language=French|access-date=1 October 2018}}
35. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Helena|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/01/yanis-varoufakis-greece-is-a-debtors-prison-new-party-mera25|title=Yanis Varoufakis: ‘Greece is a debtors’ prison’|date=1 April 2018|work=The Guardian|accessdate=1 April 2018}}
36. ^{{Cite web|language=Italian|url=https://diem25.org/diem25-e-movimento-degli-autoconvocati-leu-buona-la-prima/|title=DiEM25 e movimento degli “autoconvocati” LeU: buona la prima!|website=diem.25.org|date=March 2, 2019}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://partiarazem.pl/2016/05/diem25/|title=Czym jest DiEM25|date=8 May 2016|website=partiarazem.pl| publisher = Partia Razem|language=Polish|accessdate=27 November 2017}}
38. ^{{cite web|last=DiEM25 Communications|url=https://diem25.org/european-spring-the-transnational-list-to-present-a-progressive-alternative-in-2019-gathers-pace/|title=“European Spring”: The transnational list to present a progressive alternative in 2019 gathers pace|website = diem25.org|publisher=Democracy in Europe Movement 2025|accessdate=28 April 2018}}
39. ^{{cite news|language=Italian|last=Parlato|first=Lucilla|url=https://www.identitainsorgenti.com/citta-ribelli-de-magistris-aderisce-a-diem25-il-gruppo-per-leuropa-dei-popoli-di-varoufakis/|title=De Magistris aderisce a DiEM25, il gruppo per l’Europa dei popoli di Varoufakis|website=Identità Insorgenti|date=August 3, 2016}}
40. ^{{cite news|language=Italian|url=http://contropiano.org/news/politica-news/2018/11/26/parte-male-il-listone-de-magistris-varoufakis-accusa-0109864|title=Parte male il listone De Magistris. Varoufakis accusa|website=Contropiano|date=November 26, 2018}}
41. ^{{cite news|last=DiEM25|title=Leading activists, artists, scholars and political figures take central role in DiEM25|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/diem25/leading-activists-artists-scholars-and-political-figures-take-central-role|work=OpenDemocracy|date=5 October 2016|accessdate=5 October 2016}}
42. ^{{cite news | last = Horák | first = Jan |title=Piráti koketují s radikální levicí, přihlásili se k hnutí řeckého marxisty Varufakise|url=https://www.lidovky.cz/pirati-koketuji-s-radikalni-levici-dt4-/zpravy-domov.aspx?c=A171026_173702_ln_domov_jho|work=Lidové Noviny|language=Czech|accessdate=13 November 2017|date=27 October 2017}}
43. ^{{cite news | last = | first = |title= Actúa asiste al encuentro de Diem25 en Lisboa y comparte la idea de construir una alternativa transnacional a partir de unos mínimos programáticos de cara a las Elecciones Europeas de 2019 | url=https://actua.digital/actua-asiste-al-encuentro-de-diem25-en-lisboa-y-comparte-la-idea-de-construir-una-alternativa-transnacional-a-partir-de-unos-minimos-programaticos-de-cara-a-las-elecciones-europeas-de-2019/|work=Actúa|language=Spanish|date=April 2018|accessdate=15 May 2018}}

External links

  • {{official website}}
  • [https://www.ted.com/talks/yanis_varoufakis_capitalism_will_eat_democracy_unless_we_speak_up "Yanis Varoufakis' TED Talk: Capitalism will eat democracy – unless we speak up"]

7 : Eurozone|Economy of the European Union|Eurozone crisis|Proposals|Separatism in Europe|Political movements in Europe|Pan-European political parties
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