请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Year of three popes
释义

  1. Instances

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

     Footnotes  Bibliography 
{{one source|date=July 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

A year of three popes is a common reference to a year when the College of Cardinals of the Catholic Church are required to elect two new popes within the same calendar year.[1] Such a year generally occurs when a newly elected pope dies or resigns very early into his papacy. This results in the Catholic Church being led by three different popes during the same calendar year.

Instances

The most recent instance of a year of three popes occurred in 1978. The three popes involved were:[2]

  1. Paul VI, who was elected on 21 June 1963 and died on 6 August 1978.
  2. John Paul I, who was elected on 26 August 1978 and died thirty-three days later on 28 September 1978.
  3. John Paul II, who was elected on 16 October 1978 and held the position until his death 26 years, 5 months, and 18 days later on 2 April 2005.

There have been several instances in which three or more popes have held office in a given calendar year. Years in which the Roman Catholic Church was led by three different popes include:

  • 827: Eugene II[3] — Valentine[4] — Gregory IV[5]
  • 896: Formosus[6] — Boniface VI[7] — Stephen VI[8]
  • 897: Stephen VI[8] — Romanus[9] — Theodore II[10]
  • 928: John X[11] — Leo VI[12] — Stephen VII[13]
  • 964: Leo VIII[14] — Benedict V[15] — John XIII[16]
  • 1003: Sylvester II[17] — John XVII[18] — John XVIII[19]
  • 1045: Sylvester III[20][21] — Benedict IX (second reign)[22] — Gregory VI[23][21]
  • 1187: Urban III[24] — Gregory VIII[25] — Clement III[26]
  • 1503: Alexander VI[27] — Pius III[28] — Julius II[29]
  • 1555: Julius III[30] — Marcellus II[31] — Paul IV[32]
  • 1590: Sixtus V[33] — Urban VII[34] — Gregory XIV[35]
  • 1605: Clement VIII[36] — Leo XI[37] — Paul V[38]
  • 1978: Paul VI — John Paul I — John Paul II

There was also a year in which the Roman Catholic Church was led by four popes, called the Year of Four Popes:

  • 1276: Gregory X[39] — Innocent V[40] — Adrian V[41] — John XXI[42]

See also

{{portal|Catholicism}}
  • List of popes by length of reign
  • List of ages of popes
  • Western Schism, which from 1409 to 1414 saw three simultaneous claimants to the Papacy
  • Year of the Three Kings

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |publisher= Kildare and Leighlin Diocese |url= http://www.kandle.ie/2008/08/30/1978-the-year-of-three-popes/ |title= 1978:– The Year of Three Popes |date= 30 August 2008 |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101228170951/http://www.kandle.ie/2008/08/30/1978-the-year-of-three-popes/ |archivedate= 28 December 2010}}
2. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.ewtn.com/jp2/papal3/1978.htm |title= 1978: The Year Of The Three Popes |work= Tu Es Petrus |publisher= EWTN |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100505205057/http://www.ewtn.com/jp2/papal3/1978.htm |archivedate= 5 May 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
3. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05598b.htm |title= Pope Eugene II |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100809103834/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05598b.htm |archivedate= 9 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15254b.htm |title= Pope Valentine |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100809104038/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15254b.htm |archivedate= 9 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
5. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06789b.htm |title= Pope Gregory IV |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101030150207/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06789b.htm |archivedate= 30 October 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06139b.htm |title= Pope Formosus |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101103190308/http://newadvent.org/cathen/06139b.htm |archivedate= 3 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
7. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02661b.htm |title= Pope Boniface VI |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101104135226/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02661b.htm |archivedate= 4 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
8. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14289d.htm |title= Pope Stephen (VI) VII |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101103111050/http://newadvent.org/cathen/14289d.htm |archivedate= 3 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
9. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13163b.htm |title= Pope Romanus |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100807215238/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13163b.htm |archivedate= 7 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
10. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14570b.htm |title= Pope Theodore II |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100809104026/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14570b.htm |archivedate= 9 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08425b.htm |title= Pope John X |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101126010951/http://newadvent.org/cathen/08425b.htm |archivedate= 26 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
12. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09159c.htm |title= Pope Leo VI |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101104060250/http://newadvent.org/cathen/09159c.htm |archivedate= 4 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
13. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14290a.htm |title= Pope Stephen VII (VIII) |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101103141912/http://newadvent.org/cathen/14290a.htm |archivedate= 3 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }} Note: Actual date of Pope Stephen VII's accession is either late 928 or early 929.
14. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09160b.htm |title= Pope Leo VIII |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101104094600/http://newadvent.org/cathen/09160b.htm |archivedate= 4 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
15. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428b.htm |title= Pope Benedict V |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100807214501/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428b.htm |archivedate= 7 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
16. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08427a.htm |title= Pope John XIII |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100809103955/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08427a.htm |archivedate= 9 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
17. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14371a.htm |title= Pope Silvester II |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101102085628/http://newadvent.org/cathen/14371a.htm |archivedate= 2 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
18. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08428b.htm |title= Pope John XVII (XVIII) |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101126010933/http://newadvent.org/cathen/08428b.htm |archivedate= 26 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
19. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08429a.htm |title= Pope John XVIII (XIX) |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101021020041/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08429a.htm |archivedate= 21 October 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
20. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm |title= List of Popes |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100926192058/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm |archivedate= 26 September 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
21. ^1 Sylvester III and Gregory VI are sometimes considered antipopes.
22. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429a.htm |title= Pope Benedict IX |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801034033/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429a.htm |archivedate= 1 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
23. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06791a.htm |title= Pope Gregory VI |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100809103909/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06791a.htm |archivedate= 9 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
24. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15211a.htm |title= Pope Urban III |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101018122741/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15211a.htm |archivedate= 18 October 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
25. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06795a.htm |title= Pope Gregory VIII |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/67uBIT6Mr?url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06795a.htm |archivedate= 24 May 2012 |df= dmy-all }}
26. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04018a.htm |title= Pope Clement III |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/67ttdm3Vd?url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04018a.htm |archivedate= 24 May 2012 |df= dmy-all }}
27. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01289a.htm |title= Pope Alexander VI |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100919000433/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01289a.htm |archivedate= 19 September 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
28. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12128a.htm |title= Pope Pius III |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100807215051/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12128a.htm |archivedate= 7 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
29. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08562a.htm |title= Pope Julius II |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101027010816/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08562a.htm |archivedate= 27 October 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
30. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08564a.htm |title= Pope Julius III |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005065052/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08564a.htm |archivedate= 5 October 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
31. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09641a.htm |title= Pope Marcellus II |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101004013454/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09641a.htm |archivedate= 4 October 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
32. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11581a.htm |title= Pope Paul IV |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6Rh7ZV7PO?url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11581a.htm |archivedate= 9 August 2014 |df= dmy-all }}
33. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14033a.htm |title= Pope Sixtus V |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100926080248/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14033a.htm |archivedate= 26 September 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
34. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15218a.htm |title= Pope Urban VII |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100809104031/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15218a.htm |archivedate= 9 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
35. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07004a.htm |title= Pope Gregory XIV |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101009140939/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07004a.htm |archivedate= 9 October 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
36. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04027a.htm |title= Pope Clement VIII |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101105235857/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04027a.htm |archivedate= 5 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
37. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09166a.htm |title= Pope Leo XI |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101104101911/http://newadvent.org/cathen/09166a.htm |archivedate= 4 November 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
38. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11581b.htm |title= Pope Paul V |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100918135323/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11581b.htm |archivedate= 18 September 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
39. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06798a.htm |title= Pope Gregory X |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/68c8tV4v4?url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06798a.htm |archivedate= 22 June 2012 |df= dmy-all }}
40. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08018a.htm |title= Pope Innocent V |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100802033601/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08018a.htm |archivedate= 2 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
41. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01159a.htm |title= Pope Adrian V |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100807213134/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01159a.htm |archivedate= 7 August 2010 |df= dmy-all }}
42. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08429c.htm |title= Pope John XXI (XX) |work= Catholic Encyclopedia |accessdate= 28 September 2010 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20171224170153/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08429c.htm |archivedate= 24 December 2017 |df= dmy-all }}

References

Footnotes

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book |first= Peter |last= Hebblethwaite |title= The Year of Three Popes |publisher= William Collins |year= 1979}}
{{refend}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Year Of Three Popes}}

1 : History of the papacy
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/13 15:10:39