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词条 Diane Rwigara
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

  3. References

Diane Shima Rwigara is a Rwandan businesswoman and women's rights activist who stood as an independent candidate in the Rwandan presidential election, 2017. Rwigara was charged on 23 September 2017, alongside her mother and four other defendants, with "inciting insurrection" among other counts,[1] but was acquitted along with her mother on 6 December 2018.[2][3]

Early life

Diane Rwigara was born in Kigali in 1982 to a Tutsi family and has three siblings.[4]. Her father, Assinapol Rwigara, an industrialist and a key financier of the Rwandan Patriotic Front, was killed in a car accident on 4 February 2015 in Gacuriro, Kigali. Her family believes the accident was politically motivated murder.[4][6] The police said he was instantly killed when the Mercedez-Benz car he was driving was in a head-on collision with a heavy truck.[5][6]

Career

Rwigara is a trained accountant.[7] She is a women's rights activist who has repeatedly spoken out against the country's governance under President Paul Kagame[8][9] and about injustice and oppression.[10]

On May 3, 2017, Rwigara announced her intention to run in the presidential election. 72 hours later, nude photos of her were leaked in an apparent attempt to humiliate and intimidate her.[8][11] She reiterated her intention to run, with campaign vows to work towards eradicating poverty, establishing universal health insurance and championing free speech.[7]

On July 7, 2017, the National Electoral Commission disqualified Rwigara from the election on technical grounds,[12] alleging she had used forged signatures in her presidential bid[13] and had submitted only 572 valid signatures rather than the required 600. Rwigara said she submitted 958 signatures, with an additional 120 after some were disqualified.[14] Two other candidates were also disqualified, prompting Amnesty International to say that the election would be held in a "climate of fear and repression."[15] The decision was also criticised by the US State Department and the European Union.[16][17] Kagame won the August 4 election with 98% of the vote.[13] Rwigara launched an activist group called the People Salvation Movement to challenge the regime on its human rights record, saying that the country's parliament is little more than a rubber-stamp.[12][18][19]. The People Salvation Movement according to Rwigara, will continue her work of sensitising Rwandans about their rights and criticising policies and actions of the ruling Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) party.[20]

On August 30, 2017, Rwigara's home was raided, with police saying she was being investigated for forgery and tax evasion.[13] Rwigara's family reported her missing, saying that unknown armed men in civilian clothes had held her at gunpoint while the house was searched, but police denied that she had been arrested.[17][21]

Numerous news outlets reported in September 2017, that Rwigara still could not be reached and that her family continued to claim she is missing.[22][23][24]

Leon Orsmond, a South African freelance advertising creative, who had helped Rwigara with her social media campaign was also missing in Rwanda since February 2018.[25] Before his disappearance, Orsmond made no secret that he didn’t like the government of Kagame.

In June 2018, the Rwanda Revenue Authority sold machinery from the family's tobacco business for almost $2m in a bid to recover $7m in tax arrears.[26] A previous auction of Rwigara's family business assets - of processed tobacco - netted more than 500m Rwandan francs.[26] Amnesty International has called on the Rwandan judiciary to ensure that this trial does not become just another means to persecute government critics.[1]

In August 2018, #FreeDianeRwigara was being used by Kenyans on Twitter to call for Kagame to release Rwigara. This came just days after Twitter users in Kenya did the same for Uganda’s MP Robert Kyagulanyi, better known as Bobby Wine.[27]

On October 5, 2018, a court ordered a release of Diane Rwigara and her mother, Adeline Rwigara, on bail;[28] this came a few weeks after the early release of 2,140 convicts, including Victoire Ingabire and Kizito Mihigo.[29] After more than one year in prison, Rwanda's High Court finally released Diane Rwigara, a well-known political opponent, and her mother, Adeline, on bail. They cannot leave the capital, Kigali, without permission, and their trial - on politically motivated charges - continues.[30]

A three-judge panel of Rwanda's high court acquitted her and her mother on 6 December 2018, finding all of the charges "baseless".[2][3]

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/rwanda-fair-trial-must-be-guaranteed-for-former-presidential-hopeful/|title=Rwanda: Fair trial must be guaranteed for former presidential hopeful | date=22 May 2018|accessdate=25 August 2018}}
2. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46471808|title=Rwanda government critic Rwigara acquitted|date=2018-12-06|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-12-08|language=en-GB}}
3. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/06/world/africa/rwanda-court-diane-rwigara.html|title=Rwandan Court Drops Charges Against High-Profile Opposition Figure|last=|first=|date=2018-12-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-12-08|agency=Associated Press|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.africanexponent.com/post/8365-we-are-in-the-thick-of-revolution-in-africa|title=Who is Diane Rwigara, Rwanda's First Female Independent Presidential Candidate|last=Lepapa|first=Naipanoi|date=14 May 2017|work=The African Exponent|accessdate=2 June 2017}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Family of deceased tycoon Assinapol Rwigara petitions President Kagame|url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/Family-of-deceased-tycoon-Rwigara-petitions-President-Kagame/1433218-2653598-myixcwz/index.html|publisher=The East African|accessdate=4 March 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=The curious case of the death of Mr Assinapol Rwigara|url=http://www.therwandan.com/the-curious-case-of-the-death-of-mr-assinapol-rwigara-rip/|publisher=The Rwandan|accessdate=5 October 2018}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara|title=35-Year-Old Businesswoman Diane Rwigara To Challenge Kagame in Rwandan Presidential Elections|first=Mark|last=Babatunde|date=5 May 2017|accessdate=2 June 2017|work=Face 2 Face Africa}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/rwandese-presidential-candidate-diane-shima-rwigara-isnt-backing-despite-leaked-nude-photos/|title=Rwandese Presidential Candidate Diane Shima Rwigara isn’t Backing Out Despite Leaked Nude Photos|date=9 May 2017|accessdate=2 June 2017|first=Muna|last=Okey-Nwosu|work=Bella Naija}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://venturesafrica.com/young-single-and-independent-the-obstacles-facing-rwandas-potential-first-female-president/|title=Young, Single And Independent: The Obstacles Facing Rwanda’s Potential First Female President|work=Ventures Africa|first=Oreoluwa|last=Runsewe|date=9 May 2017|accessdate=2 June 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-04-27-op-ed-activism-and-rwandas-development-model-diane-rwigara-takes-a-stand/#.WTDjcMbL2NY|title=Op-Ed: Activism and Rwanda’s Development Model – Diane Rwigara takes a stand|first=Brandon|last=Finn|work=Daily Maverick|date=27 April 2017|accessdate=2 June 2017}}
11. ^{{cite web|first=Mark|last=Babtunde|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara-photos|work=Face 2 Face Africa|title=Nude Photos of Rwandan Presidential Candidate Surface Online|date=10 May 2017|accessdate=2 June 2017}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/aug/04/rwanda-pretty-girl-makeup-inside-dark-and-dirty-diane-rwigara-paul-kagame-election|title=‘Rwanda is like a pretty girl with a lot of makeup, but the inside is dark and dirty’|work=The Guardian|date=4 August 2017|first=Tom|last=Gardner|accessdate=30 August 2017}}
13. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-30/former-rwanda-presidential-candidate-accused-of-forgery|title=Former Rwandan Presidential Candidate Accused of Forgery|work=Bloomberg Politics|publisher=Associated Press|last=Ssuuna|first=Ignatius|date=30 August 2017|accessdate=30 August 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rwanda-election-idUSKBN19S2L6|title=Rwanda disqualifies only female presidential candidate|work=Reuters|date=8 July 2017|accessdate=30 August 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/three-rwandan-presidential-candidates-disqualified/3933118.html|title=Three Rwandan Presidential Candidates Disqualified Amid Criticism|work=VOA News|publisher=Associated Press|date=7 July 2017|accessdate=30 August 2017|}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/08/30/police-investigating-critic-rwandan-president-forgery/|title=Police Investigating Critic Of Rwandan President For Forgery|work=PM News Nigeria|date=30 August 2017|accessdate=30 August 2017|}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2017/08/30/world/africa/30reuters-rwanda-opposition.html|title=Critic of Rwandan President Investigated for Forgery|work=The New York Times|publisher=Reuters|date=30 August 2017|accessdate=30 August 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/04/africa/rwanda-election-nude-photos-candidate/index.html|title=Fake nude photos were used to 'silence me', disqualified Rwandan candidate says|publisher=CNN|first1=Stephani|last1=Busari|first2=Torea|last2=idowu|date=5 August 2017|accessdate=30 August 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/07/15/disqualified-rwandan-aspirant-forms-anti-kagame-movement//|title=Disqualified Rwandan presidential aspirant forms anti-Kagame movement|work=Africa News|date=15 July 2017|first=ismail|last=Akwei}}
20. ^(July 14, 2017 Friday). Diane Rwigara now launches rights movement. The East African. Retrieved from Nexis Uni.
21. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-africa-40829088|title=Africa Live: Donkey delicacy triggers 'price hike', Rwanda opposition figure home raided - BBC News|work=BBC News|access-date=30 August 2017|language=en-GB}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/presidential-hopeful-rwanda-custody-49558126|title=Former presidential hopeful in Rwanda said to be in custody|last=Ssuuna|first=Ignatius|work=ABC News|access-date=1 September 2017|language=en|date=1 September 2017}}
23. ^{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201708310629.html|title=Rwanda: Where is Diane Rwigara and Her Family?|last=Mugisha|first=Ivan R.|date=31 August 2017|work=The East African (Nairobi)|access-date=1 September 2017}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/08/31/rwanda-police-must-produce-missing-female-critic-of-kagame/|title=Rwanda police must produce 'missing' female critic of Kagame|date=30 August 2017|website=Africanews|access-date=1 September 2017|first=Abdur Rahman|last=Alfa Shaban}}
25. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-07-27-five-months-later-south-african-still-missing-in-rwanda/|title=Five months later, South African still missing in Rwanda|date=27 July 2018|website=Daily Maverick|accessdate=25 August 2018|first=Carien|last=Du Plessis}}
26. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-44521197|title=Diane Rwigara: Rwandan politician's assets auctioned - BBC News |work=BBC News | date=18 June 2018|accessdate=25 August 2018}}
27. ^{{Cite web|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/freebobbywine-kenyans-now-turn-guns-strongman-kagame/|title=#FREEBOBBYWINE: KENYANS NOW TURN GUNS ON STRONGMAN KAGAME|date=24 August 2018|website=nairobi news|accessdate=25 August 2018}}
28. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/rwanda-opposition-activist-diane-rwigara-released-bail-181005174901472.html|title=Rwandan opposition activist Diane Rwigara released on bail|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2018-10-07}}
29. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kizito-mihigo-victoire-ingabire-get-presidential-pardon|title=Kizito Mihigo, Victoire Ingabire get presidential pardon|date=2018-09-15|work=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda|access-date=2018-10-07|language=en}}
30. ^{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201810160537.html|title=Rwanda: Is Rwanda's Political Thaw Real?|last=|first=|date=10 October 2018|website=allAfrica.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=26 October 2018}}
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10 : Living people|1981 births|People from Kigali|Rwandan women in politics|Women's rights activists|Tutsi people|Rwandan businesspeople|21st-century women politicians|Rwandan accountants|Women accountants
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