| 词条 | Diane R. Williams |
| 释义 |
| name = Diane R. Williams | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|12|06}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|08|12|1947|12|06}} | death_place = | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = Lawyer | years_active = | known_for = Court case Williams v. Saxbe | notable_works = }}Diane R. Williams was an African-American lawyer who is best known for her part in the landmark sexual harassment case, Williams v. Saxbe.[1] Williams was fired from her job at the U.S. Department of Justice after refusing sexual advances from her boss. She sued in a Washington federal court and won, resulting in the first U.S. District Court ruling that quid pro quo sexual harassment constitutes sex discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[2][3][4] Williams was a news aide for the Washington Post in the late 1960s and also served as a reporter for the Chicago Tribune. She had a 30-year career as a lawyer.[5] BiographyDiane R. Williams was born December 6, 1947 and is a native of Washington, D.C. She graduated from Howard University in 1969 with a B.A. in English and American Literature.[6] She was a national desk news aid for the Washington Post in the late 1960s, and joined the Washington Bureau of the Chicago Tribune in 1970 and became a Metro reporter.[6] Williams v SaxbeDiane Williams began working at the U.S Department of Justice in 1972 as a 23-year-old single mother. She worked in the Justice Department’s Community Relations Service as a public information aide, where she was intimately familiar with the racial tensions of the time. Although she had previously been given several positive reviews of her work, she was dismissed from her position at the U.S Department of Justice after filing a complaint about a supervisor Harvey Brinson's unwanted sexual advances.[7][8][9] She stated her supervisor’s treatment was illegal under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bars employers from discriminating against workers on the basis of sex, race, religion, national origin, or color.[10] After she brought her complaint to the courts, U.S. District Judge Charles R. Richey ordered she receive $19,147 in compensation, ruling that the Civil Rights Act shields employees from retaliation for refusing their superior’s sexual propositions. Williams v. Saxbe was decided on April 20, 1976. The term "sexual harassment" had been coined only a year earlier at Cornell University. The case was overturned on appeal at the U.S. Court of Appeals in September 1978, after a ruling that the judge had followed improper procedures in the course of reaching his decision. The original case was affirmed on the next appeal.[9][11] Williams died of cancer on August 12, 2016.[5] References1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/19761067413fsupp6541972|title=WILLIAMS v. SAXBE {{!}} 413 F.Supp. 654 (1976) {{!}} supp6541972 {{!}} Leagle.com|work=Leagle|access-date=2018-04-10|language=en}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Williams, Diane R.}}2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-04/sexual-harassment-naming-it-paved-the-way-to-legal-victories|title=How Two Legal Cases Established Sexual Harassment as a Civil Rights Violation|date=2014-12-05|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/03/04/hertoo-40-years-ago-this-woman-helped-make-sexual-harassment-illegal-sandra-bundy/|title=#HerToo: 40 Years Ago This Woman Helped Make Sexual Harassment Illegal|date=2018-03-04|work=Washingtonian|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en-US}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/sexual-harassment-law-was-shaped-by-the-battles-of-black-women/|title=Sexual Harassment Law Was Shaped by the Battles of Black Women|last=Lipsitz|first=Raina|date=2017-10-20|work=The Nation|access-date=2018-04-10|language=en-US|issn=0027-8378}} 5. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://journalisms.theroot.com/former-ebony-editor-plans-relaunch-of-thegrio-owned-by-1819950097|title=Former Ebony Editor Plans Relaunch of the Grio, Owned by Billionaire Byron Allen|last=Prince|first=Richard|work=Journal-isms|access-date=2018-04-10|language=en-US}} 6. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/197376941/|title=26 Join Editorial Department of Tribune in 1970|last=|first=|date=April 12, 1971|work=Chicago Tribune at Newspapers.com|access-date=2018-08-07|page=24|language=en}} 7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=%22Diane+Williams%22+sexual+harassment&source=bl&ots=cNtp6YzYhI&sig=H2FaG4n9GB86_vQDp1Lz2Uily1U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidn_yEsa7aAhVRI6wKHVs7CMw4ChDoAQhVMAs#v=onepage&q=%22Diane%20Williams%22%20sexual%20harassment&f=false|title=Mother Jones Magazine|last=Jones|first=Mother|date=June 1978|publisher=Mother Jones|language=en}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3fZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=%22Diane+Williams%22+sexual+harassment&source=bl&ots=xi7cO0Jl6J&sig=PhfEJZoo7jmlWhEMaVCxjl8qMJs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwilwYqQva7aAhVGEawKHTifDvY4FBDoAQgoMAA#v=onepage&q=%22Diane%20Williams%22%20sexual%20harassment&f=false|title=Rethinking American Women's Activism|last=Orleck|first=Annelise|date=2014-10-17|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135089061|language=en}} 9. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1978/09/20/new-trial-ordered-on-sex-allegations/a13ae036-1b84-44e3-a412-941125c941a1/|title=New Trial Ordered On Sex Allegations|last=Meyer|first=Lawrence|date=1978-09-20|work=Washington Post|access-date=2018-04-10|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}} 10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_kbm1bCYJwC&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=%22Diane+Williams%22+sexual+harassment&source=bl&ots=yZ8SUlkoIR&sig=o9INnt4crohT73EOS4LS90YNSMs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidn_yEsa7aAhVRI6wKHVs7CMw4ChDoAQhKMAg#v=onepage&q=%22Diane%20Williams%22%20sexual%20harassment&f=false|title=Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination|last=MacKinnon|first=Catharine A.|date=1979|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300022999|language=en}} 11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wBPD1vvTCYC&pg=PA55&lpg=PA55&dq=williams+v.+saxbe+appeal&source=bl&ots=ETKnhIyjc3&sig=Ud9_zSBI67clXab_izB5XsmMv-M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhvZiz8dvcAhXXBjQIHaWxBoUQ6AEwCHoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=williams%20v.%20saxbe%20appeal&f=false|title=The Women's Movement Against Sexual Harassment|last=Baker|first=Carrie N.|date=2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521879354|language=en}} 6 : African-American women lawyers|American women lawyers|1947 births|2016 deaths|United States Department of Justice officials|Deaths from cancer in the United States |
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