| 词条 | Yery |
| 释义 |
|Heading=Cyrillic letter Yery |Image=Cyrillic letter Yery - uppercase and lowercase.svg|size=100px |uuc=042B|ulc=044B }} Yery, Yeru, Ery or Eru (Ы ы; italics: Ы ы, usually called "Ы" {{IPA-ru|ɨ|}} in modern Russian or "еры" yerý historically and in modern Church Slavonic) is a letter in the Cyrillic script. It represents the phoneme {{IPA|/i/}} (more rear or upper than i) after non-palatalised (hard) consonants in the Belarusian and Russian alphabets. The soft sign (Ь) has the same trill. Because of phonological processes, the actual realisation of {{IPA|/i/}} after alveolar consonants ({{angbr|д}}, {{angbr|з}}, {{angbr|л}}, {{angbr|н}}, {{angbr|р}}, {{angbr|с}}, {{angbr|т}}, or {{angbr|ц}}) is retracted to a close central unrounded vowel {{IPA|[ɯ]}} or {{IPA|[ʷɨ]}}, after labials: {{angbr|б}}, {{angbr|в}}, {{angbr|м}}, {{angbr|п}}. In Rusyn, it denotes a sound a bit harder than {{IPA|[ɨ]}} and close to the Romanian sound î, also written â. In some situations, it may occur after palatalised consonants (синьый "blue", which never happens in Russian), and it often follows {{angbr|к}}, {{angbr|г}}, {{angbr|ґ}} and {{angbr|х}}. While vowel letters in the Cyrillic alphabet may be divided into iotated and non-iotated pairs (for example, {{angbr|а}} and {{angbr|я}} both represent {{IPA|/a/}}, the latter denoting a preceding palatalised consonant), {{angbr|ы}} is more complicated. It appears only after hard consonants, its phonetic value differs from {{angbr|и}}, and there is some scholarly disagreement as to whether or not {{angbr|ы}} and {{angbr|и}} denote different phonemes.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}} Like many other Cyrillic letters, it was originally from a ligature: {{slavonic|ꙑ}}, formed from Yer {{angbr|ъ}} and {{angbr|і}} (formerly written either dotless or with two dots) or Izhe ({{angbr|и}} which formerly resembled {{angbr|н}}). In mediaeval manuscripts, it is almost always found as {{angbr|ъі}} or {{angbr|ъи}}. Once the letters {{angbr|ъ}} and {{angbr|ь}} later lost their values as vowels in the Slavic languages, the current simplified form {{angbr|ы}} evolved.{{Clarify|date=June 2010}} The letter is usually romanised into English and most other West European languages as {{angbr|y}}: Krylov (family name, Крылов). However, {{angbr|y}} may be used for other purposes as well (such as for {{angbr|й}}, or as part of digraphs for e.g. {{angbr|я}}). That spelling matches Polish, which uses {{angbr|y}} to represent a very similar sound. Russian {{angbr|ы}} is used to transliterate Polish {{angbr|y}} into Cyrillic: Maryla (Марыля). Native Russian words do not begin with {{angbr|ы}} (except for the specific verb ыкать: "to say the {{angbr|ы}}-sound"), but there are many proper and common nouns of non-Russian origin (including some geographical names in Russia) beginning with it: Ytyk-Kyuyol (Ытык-Кюёль), Ygyatta (Ыгыатта), a village and a river in Sakha (Yakutia) Republic respectively and Eulji Mundeok (Ыльчи Мундок), a Korean military leader. In the Ukrainian alphabet, the sound {{IPA-uk|ɨ|}} is denoted by {{angbr|и}}, and the letter {{angbr|ы}} is not used in Ukrainian. Ukrainian {{angbr|и}} usually is transcribed in Russian as {{angbr|ы}}. The letter {{angbr|ы}} is also used in Cyrillic-based alphabets of several Turkic and Mongolic languages (see the list) for a darker vowel {{IPAblink|ɯ}}. The corresponding letter in Latin-based scripts is {{angbr|ı}} (dotless I). In Tuvan, the Cyrillic letter can be written as a double vowel.[1][2] Related letters and other similar characters
Computing codes{{charmap|042B|name1=Cyrillic Capital Letter Yeru |044B|name2=Cyrillic Small Letter Yeru |A650|name3=Cyrillic Capital Letter Yeru with Back Yer |A651|name4=Cyrillic Small Letter Yeru with Back Yer |map1=KOI8-R and KOI8-U |map1char1=F9 |map1char2=D9 |map2=Code page 855 |map2char1=F2 |map2char2=F1 |map3=Code page 866 |map3char1=9B |map3char2=EB |map4=Windows-1251 |map4char1=DB |map4char2=FB |map5=ISO-8859-5 |map5char1=CB |map5char2=EB |map6=Macintosh Cyrillic |map6char1=9B |map6char2=FB }} References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tuvan.php|title=Tuvan language, alphabet and pronunciation|author=|date=|work=omniglot.com|accessdate=14 June 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWwqAAAAQBAJ|title=Compendium of the World's Languages|first1=George L.|last1=Campbell|first2=Gareth|last2=King|date=24 July 2013|publisher=Routledge|accessdate=14 June 2016|via=Google Books}}
External links
1 : Cyrillic ligatures |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。