词条 | 1995 Rugby World Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| logo = RWC1995logo.svg | logosize = 100px | datefrom = 25 May | dateto = 24 June (31 days) | host = South Africa | host-flagvar=1994 | nations = 16 (52 qualifying) | champion = South Africa | champion-flagvar=1994 | runnerup = New Zealand | third = France | fourth = England | matches = 32 | attendance = 938486 | apm = 31250 | top scorer = {{flagicon|FRA}} Thierry Lacroix (112) | most tries = {{flagicon|NZL}} Jonah Lomu {{flagicon|NZL}} Marc Ellis (7 tries each) | preceded by = 1991 | succeeded by = 1999 }} The 1995 Rugby World Cup was the third Rugby World Cup. It was hosted and won by South Africa, and was the first Rugby World Cup in which every match was held in one country. The World Cup was the first major sporting event to take place in South Africa following the end of apartheid. It was also the first World Cup in which South Africa was allowed to compete; the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB, now World Rugby) had only readmitted South Africa to international rugby in 1992, following negotiations to end apartheid. The World Cup would also be the last major event of rugby union's amateur era; two months after the tournament, the IRFB opened the sport to professionalism. In the final, held at Ellis Park in Johannesburg on 24 June, South Africa defeated New Zealand 15–12, with Joel Stransky scoring a drop goal in extra time to win the match. Following South Africa's victory, Nelson Mandela, the President of South Africa, wearing a Springboks rugby shirt and cap, presented the Webb Ellis Cup to the South African captain François Pienaar. Qualifying{{main article|1995 Rugby World Cup qualifying}}
The eight quarter-finalists from the 1991 Rugby World Cup all received automatic entry, as did South Africa, as hosts. The remaining seven of the 16 positions available in the tournament were filled by regional qualifiers. The qualifying tournaments were broken up into regional associations: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. Côte d'Ivoire qualified through Africa, Japan through Asia, Argentina through the Americas, Italy, Romania and Wales through Europe, Tonga through Oceania. Squads{{main article|1995 Rugby World Cup squads}}VenuesThe 1995 tournament was the first Rugby World Cup to be hosted by just one country, and thus, all the venues are within the one country. In total, nine stadiums were used for the World Cup, most being owned by local municipalities, and the majority of the venues were upgraded prior to the tournament. Six of the nine stadiums were South African Test grounds. The four largest stadiums were used for the finals, with the final taking place at Johannesburg's Ellis Park. There were games originally scheduled to have been played in Brakpan, Germiston, Pietermaritzburg and Witbank, but these games were reallocated to other venues. This reduced the number of venues from 14 to 9. The reasons cited for this change had to do with facilities for both the press and spectators, as well as the security. The change in the itinerary occurred in January 1994. Further changes occurred in April, so that evening games were played at stadiums with good floodlighting. It is also thought that Potchefstroom was an original venue. Venues were paired:
Pools & format
The tournament was contested by 16 different nations using the same format that was used in 1987 and 1991 and in total 32 matches were played. The competition began on 25 May, when the hosts South Africa defeated Australia 27–18 at Newlands in Cape Town. The tournament culminated with the final between South Africa and the All Blacks at Ellis Park in Johannesburg on 24 June. In total, the tournament ran for thirty days. The nations were broken up into four pools of four, with each pool consisting of two teams that were automatically qualified and two that went through the qualifying tournaments. Points systemThe points system that was used in the pool stage was unchanged from 1991:
Knock-out stagePool winners were drawn against opposite pool runners-up in the quarter-finals. For example, the winner of A faces the runner up of B, and the winner of B face the runner-up of A. The whole finals stage adopts a knock-out format, and the winners of the quarter-finals advance to the semi-finals, where winner 1 faces winner 2, and winner 3 faces winner 4. The winners advance to the final, and the losers contest a third/fourth place play-off two days before the final. A total of 32 matches (24 pool stage & 8 knock-out) were played throughout the tournament over 30 days from 25 May to 24 June 1995. Pool stagePool A
|date=25 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|RSA}} |score=27–18 |away={{ru|AUS}} |try1=Hendriks Stransky |con1=Stransky |pen1=Stransky (4) |drop1=Stransky |try2=Kearns Lynagh |con2=Lynagh |pen2=Lynagh (2) |stadium=Newlands, Cape Town |attendance=44,778 |referee=Derek Bevan (Wales) }} {{rugbybox |date=26 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|CAN}} |score=34–3 |away={{ru|ROU}} |try1=Charron McKenzie Snow |con1=Rees (2) |pen1=Rees (4) |drop1=Rees |pen2=Nichitean |stadium=Boet Erasmus Stadium, Port Elizabeth |attendance=8,000 |referee=Colin Hawke (New Zealand) }} {{rugbybox |date=30 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|RSA}} |score=21–8 |away={{ru|ROU}} |try1=Richter (2) |con1=Johnson |pen1=Johnson (3) |try2=Guranescu |pen2=Ivanciuc |stadium=Newlands, Cape Town |attendance=45,000 |referee=Ken McCartney (Scotland) }} {{rugbybox |date=31 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|AUS}} |score=27–11 |away={{ru|CAN}} |try1=Lynagh Tamanivalu Roff |con1=Lynagh (3) |pen1=Lynagh (2) |try2=Charron |pen2=Rees (2) |stadium=Boet Erasmus Stadium, Port Elizabeth |attendance=16,000 |referee=Patrick Robin (France) }} {{rugbybox |date=3 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|AUS}} |score=42–3 |away={{ru|ROU}} |try1=Smith Wilson Roff (2) Foley Burke |con1=Burke (2) Eales (4) |pen2=Ivanciuc |stadium=Danie Craven Stadium, Stellenbosch |attendance=15,542 |referee=Naoki Saito (Japan) }} {{rugbybox |date=3 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|RSA}} |score=20–0 |away={{ru|CAN}} |try1=Richter (2) |con1=Stransky (2) |pen1=Stransky (2) |stadium=Boet Erasmus Stadium, Port Elizabeth |attendance=31,000 |referee=David McHugh (Ireland) }} Pool B
|date=27 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|ITA}} |score=18–42 |away={{ru|SAM|name=Western Samoa}} |try1=Vaccari Cuttitta |con1=Dominguez |pen1=Dominguez |drop1=Dominguez |try2=Lima (2) Harder (3) Kellett Tatupu |con2=Kellett (2) |pen2=Kellett (1) |stadium=Basil Kenyon Stadium, East London |attendance=7,868 |referee=Joël Dume (France) }} {{rugbybox |date=27 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|ARG}} |score=18–24 |away={{ru|ENG}} |try1=Arbizu Noriega |con1=Arbizu |pen1=Arbizu (2) |pen2=Andrew (6) |drop2=Andrew (2) |stadium=Kings Park Stadium, Durban |attendance=35,000 |referee=Jim Fleming (Scotland) }} {{rugbybox |date=30 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|SAM|name=Western Samoa}} |score=32–26 |away={{ru|ARG}} |try1=Lam Leaupepe Harder |con1=Kellett |pen1=Kellett (5) |try2=Penalty try Crexell |con2=Cilley (2) |pen2=Cilley (4) |stadium=Basil Kenyon Stadium, East London |attendance=7,960 |referee=David Bishop (New Zealand) }} {{rugbybox |date=31 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|ENG}} |score=27–20 |away={{ru|ITA}} |try1=R. Underwood T. Underwood |con1=Andrew |pen1=Andrew (5) |try2=Cuttitta Vaccari |con2=Dominguez (2) |pen2=Dominguez (2) |stadium=Kings Park Stadium, Durban |attendance=45,093 |referee=Stephen Hilditch (Ireland) }} {{rugbybox |date=4 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|ARG}} |score=25–31 |away={{ru|ITA}} |try1=Martin Penalty try Corral Cilley |con1=Cilley |pen1=Cilley |try2=Vaccari Gerosa Dominguez |con2=Dominguez (2) |pen2=Dominguez (4) |stadium=Basil Kenyon Stadium, East London |attendance=7,571 |referee=Clayton Thomas (Wales) }} {{rugbybox |date=4 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|ENG}} |score=44–22 |away={{ru|SAM|name=Western Samoa}} |try1=R. Underwood (2) Back Penalty try |con1=Callard (3) |pen1=Callard(5) |drop1=Catt |try2=Sini (2) Umaga |con2=Fa'amasino (2) |pen2=Fa'amasino |stadium=Kings Park Stadium, Durban |attendance=35,000 |referee=Patrick Robin (France) }} Pool C
|date=27 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|JPN}} |score=10–57 |away={{ru|WAL}} |try1=Ota (2) |try2=G. Thomas (3) I. Evans (2) Moore Taylor |con2=N. Jenkins (5) |pen2=N. Jenkins (4) |stadium=Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein |attendance=15,000 |referee=Efrahim Sklar (Argentina) }} {{rugbybox |date=27 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|IRE}} |score=19–43 |away={{ru|NZL}} |try1=Corkery McBride Halpin |con1=Elwood (2) |try2=Lomu (2) Kronfeld Bunce Osborne |con2=Mehrtens (3) |pen2=Mehrtens (4) |stadium=Ellis Park, Johannesburg |attendance=38,000 |referee=Wayne Erickson (Australia) }} {{rugbybox |date=31 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|IRE}} |score=50–28 |away={{ru|JPN}} |try1=Francis Geoghegan Corkery Halvey Hogan Penalty try (2) |con1=Burke (6) |pen1=Burke |try2=Latu Izawa Hirao Takura |con2=Yoshida (4) |stadium=Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein |attendance=15,000 |referee=Stef Neethling (South Africa) }} {{rugbybox |date=31 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|NZL}} |score=34–9 |away={{ru|WAL}} |try1=Ellis Little Kronfeld |con1=Mehrtens (2) |pen1=Mehrtens (4) |drop1=Mehrtens |pen2=N. Jenkins (2) |drop2=N. Jenkins |stadium=Ellis Park, Johannesburg |attendance=45,000 |referee=Ed Morrison (England) }} {{rugbybox |date=4 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|JPN}} |score=17–145 |away={{ru|NZL}} |try1=Kajihara (2) |con1=Hirose (2) |pen1=Hirose |try2=Ellis (6) Rush (3) Wilson (3) R. Brooke (2) Osborne (2) Loe Culhane Henderson Dowd Ieremia |con2=Culhane (20) |stadium=Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein |attendance=25,000 |referee=George Gadjovic (Canada) }} {{rugbybox |date=4 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|IRE}} |score=24–23 |away={{ru|WAL}} |try1=Halvey Popplewell McBride |con1=Elwood (3) |pen1=Elwood |try2=Humphreys Taylor |con2=N. Jenkins (2) |pen2=N. Jenkins (2) |drop2=A. Davies |stadium=Ellis Park, Johannesburg |attendance=40,000 |referee=Ian Rogers (South Africa) }} Pool D
|date=26 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|CIV|name=Ivory Coast}} |score=0–89 |away={{ru|SCO}} |try2=G. Hastings (4) Logan (2) Walton (2) Wright Chalmers Stanger Burnell Shiel |con2=G. Hastings (9) |pen2=G. Hastings (2) |stadium=Olympia Park, Rustenburg |attendance=20,000 |referee=Felise Vito (Western Samoa) }} {{rugbybox |date=26 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|FRA}} |score=38–10 |away={{ru|TGA}} |try1=Lacroix (2) Hueber Saint-André |con1=Lacroix (3) |pen1=Lacroix (3) |drop1=Delaigue |try2=Va'enuku |con2=Tu'ipulotu |pen2=Tu'ipulotu |stadium=Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |attendance=22,000 |referee=Steve Lander (England) }} {{rugbybox |date=29 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|FRA}} |score=54–18 |away={{ru|CIV|name=Ivory Coast}} |try1=Lacroix (2) Benazzi Téchoueyres Viars Accoceberry Saint-André Costes |con1=Deylaud (2) Lacroix (2) |pen1=Lacroix (2) |try2=Soulama Camara |con2=Kouassi |pen2=Kouassi (2) |stadium=Olympia Park, Rustenburg |attendance=10,000 |referee=Han Moon-Soo (South Korea) }} {{rugbybox |date=29 May 1995 |home={{ru-rt|SCO}} |score=41–5 |away={{ru|TGA}} |try1=S. Hastings Peters G. Hastings |con1=G. Hastings |pen1=G. Hastings (8) |try2=Fenukitau |stadium=Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |attendance=21,000 |referee=Barry Leask (Australia) }} {{rugbybox |date=3 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|CIV|name=Ivory Coast}} |score=11–29 |away={{ru|TGA}} |try1=Okou |pen1=Dali (2) |try2=Penalty try Latukefu Otai Tu'ipulotu |con2=Tu'ipulotu (3) |pen2=Tu'ipulotu |stadium=Olympia Park, Rustenburg |attendance=15,000 |referee=Don Reordan (United States) }} Three minutes into the match between Ivory Coast and Tonga, the Ivorian winger Max Brito was crushed beneath several other players, leaving him paralysed below the neck.[1] {{rugbybox |date=3 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|FRA}} |score=22–19 |away={{ru|SCO}} |try1=Ntamack |con1=Lacroix |pen1=Lacroix (5) |try2=Wainwright |con2=G. Hastings |pen2=G. Hastings (4) |stadium=Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |attendance=39,000 |referee=Wayne Erickson (Australia) }} Knock-out stage{{Round8-with third|10 June – Ellis Park, Johannesburg|{{ru|RSA}}|42|{{ru|SAM|name=Western Samoa}}|14 |10 June – Kings Park Stadium, Durban|{{ru|FRA}}|36|{{Ru|IRE}} |12 |11 June – Newlands, Cape Town|{{ru|ENG}}|25|{{ru|AUS}}|22 |11 June – Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria|{{ru|NZL}}|48|{{ru|SCO}}|30 |17 June – Kings Park Stadium, Durban|{{ru|RSA}}|19|{{ru|FRA}}|15 |18 June – Newlands, Cape Town|{{ru|ENG}}|29|{{ru|NZL}}|45 |24 June – Ellis Park, Johannesburg|{{ru|RSA}} (a.e.t.)|15|{{ru|NZL}}|12 |22 June – Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria|{{ru|FRA}}|19|{{ru|ENG}}|9 }} Quarter-finals{{rugbybox|date=10 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|FRA}} |score=36–12 |away={{Ru|IRE}} |try1=Saint-André Ntamack |con1=Lacroix |pen1=Lacroix (8) |pen2=Elwood (4) |stadium=Kings Park Stadium, Durban |attendance=20,000 |referee=Ed Morrison (England) }} {{rugbybox |date=10 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|RSA}} |score=42–14 |away={{ru|SAM|name=Western Samoa}} |try1=Williams (4) Rossouw Andrews |con1=Johnson (3) |pen1=Johnson (2) |try2=Tatupu Nu'uali'itia |con2=Fa'amasino (2) |stadium=Ellis Park, Johannesburg |attendance=54,169 |referee=Jim Fleming (Scotland) }} {{rugbybox |date=11 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|ENG}} |score=25–22 |report=Report |away={{ru|AUS}} |try1=T. Underwood |con1=Andrew |pen1=Andrew (5) |drop1=Andrew |try2=Smith |con2=Lynagh |pen2=Lynagh (5) |stadium=Newlands, Cape Town |attendance=35,448 |referee=David Bishop (New Zealand) }} {{rugbybox |date=11 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|NZL}} |score=48–30 |away={{ru|SCO}} |try1=Little (2) Lomu Mehrtens Bunce Fitzpatrick |con1=Mehrtens (6) |pen1=Mehrtens (2) |try2=Weir (2) S. Hastings |con2=G. Hastings (3) |pen2=G. Hastings (3) |stadium=Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |attendance=28,000 |referee=Derek Bevan (Wales) }} Semi-finals{{rugbybox|date=17 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|RSA}} |score=19–15 |away={{ru|FRA}} |try1=Kruger |con1=Stransky |pen1=Stransky (4) |pen2=Lacroix (5) |stadium=Kings Park Stadium, Durban |attendance=49,773 |referee=Derek Bevan (Wales) }} {{rugbybox |date=18 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|ENG}} |score=29–45 |report=Report |away={{ru|NZL}} |try1=Carling (2) R. Underwood (2) |con1=Andrew (3) |pen1=Andrew |try2=Lomu (4) Kronfeld Bachop |con2=Mehrtens (3) |pen2=Mehrtens |drop2=Z. Brooke Mehrtens |stadium=Newlands, Cape Town |attendance=43,414 |referee=Stephen Hilditch (Ireland) }} Third-place play-off{{rugbybox|date=22 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|FRA}} |score=19–9 |away={{ru|ENG}} |try1=Olivier Roumat Ntamack |pen1=Lacroix (3) |pen2=Andrew (3) |stadium=Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |attendance=44,000 |referee=David Bishop (New Zealand) }} Final{{main article|1995 Rugby World Cup Final}}The final was contested by New Zealand and hosts South Africa. Both nations finished undefeated at the top of their pools. South Africa defeated Western Samoa in the quarter finals, and then France in the semi-finals to reach the final; New Zealand defeated Scotland in the quarter-finals, and England in the semi-finals, a game in which Jonah Lomu famously scored four tries for the All Blacks. The final was played at Ellis Park in Johannesburg and refereed by Ed Morrison of England. To this point, New Zealand had led the tournament in production, outscoring their opponents 315–104, while South Africa had outscored their opponents 129–55. The tight Springbok defence would keep the high scoring All Blacks in check – particularly Jonah Lomu and Marc Ellis, who had already scored a then World Cup record seven tries each in the tournament – with neither team scoring a try in the match. South Africa led 9–6 at half time, and New Zealand levelled the scores at 9–9 with a drop goal in the second half. Though Andrew Mehrtens almost kicked a late drop goal for the All Blacks, the score remained tied at full-time, forcing the game into extra time. Both teams scored penalty goals in the first half of extra time, but Joel Stransky then scored a drop goal to win the final for South Africa. What happened after the match has become an iconic moment in the history of the sport. Nelson Mandela, wearing a Springbok rugby jersey and baseball cap, presented the Webb Ellis Cup to South African captain François Pienaar to the delight of the capacity crowd. The moment is thought by some to be one of the most famous finals of any sport.[2] {{rugbybox|date=24 June 1995 |home={{ru-rt|RSA}} |score=15–12 (a.e.t.) |report=Report |away={{ru|NZL}} |pen1=Stransky (3) |drop1=Stransky (2) |pen2=Mehrtens (3) |drop2=Mehrtens |stadium=Ellis Park, Johannesburg |attendance=59,870 |referee=Ed Morrison (England) }} BroadcastersThe event was broadcast in Australia by Network Ten and in the United Kingdom by ITV. Commemorative coinsThe South African Mint issued a one-ounce gold proof "Protea" coin with a total mintage of 406 pieces to commemorate the event being hosted by South Africa. Popular cultureMandela and Pienaar's involvement in the World Cup is the subject of the John Carlin book Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation, its 2009 film adaptation Invictus, and the ESPN TV documentary The 16th Man in 2010. References1. ^{{cite news |title=Max Brito at end of tether after 12-year struggle|first=Pirate |last=Irwin|newspaper=Mail & Guardian|date=4 October 2007|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2007-10-04-max-brito-at-end-of-tether-after-12year-struggle |accessdate=9 January 2010}} 2. ^{{cite news |title=Rugby World Cup history |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/sport/rugby_world_cup_history/newsid_3171000/3171522.stm |accessdate=7 October 2006 |date=7 October 2003}} External links
8 : 1995 Rugby World Cup|1995 rugby union tournaments for national teams|Rugby World Cup tournaments|1995 in South African rugby union|1995 in rugby union|Rugby union and apartheid|May 1995 sports events|June 1995 sports events |
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