| 词条 | Dipylon krater | ||||||
| 释义 |
Vases representative of this larger "Dipylon Style," [2] are housed in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens[3] and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.[4] Description of the Dipylon krater in New YorkThe Met's Dipylon krater is {{convert|43|in|cm}} tall and has a circumference of {{convert|25.5|in|cm}}.[4] The monumental vase is hollow, with a hole at the bottom, indicating that it was not used as a mixing bowl like regular kraters.[1] At the Dipylon Cemetery, where it was found, kraters marked the graves of men.[5] Decorations occupy the entire vase, separated into registers containing abstract motifs or figural designs in a dark-on-light style. A key-patterned meander fills the top registers, while funerary iconography sits below. The figural scenes describe two of the three parts of a proper burial: a prothesis and an ekphora.[6] A prothesis is the laying out of a body for mourning, and an ekphora is the transportation of the body to the grave. The third step in a burial would be the actual burial of the body or its ashes.[6] The prothesis scene on the Met's Dipylon Krater features standing women with triangular torsos surrounding a prostrate body underneath a checkered burial shroud.[1] The women raise their arms to their head, tearing out their hair as a sign of mourning for the deceased.[5] Abstract geometric motifs and animals fill space in between the figures in a dense style characteristic of the Late Geometric Period.[1] Underneath, the ekphora scene displays warriors with chariots and hourglass-shaped shields transporting the body in a funeral procession.[2] The horses overlap each other without clear distinctions, in a stiff profile featured across the vase. The elaborate procession, complete with soldiers and horses indicates the importance this family placed on a proper burial,[7] a value also featured in canonical Greek texts like the Iliad.[6] The similarity of this vase's iconography to that of the Dipylon Amphora, attributed to the same artist, reveals that the rituals displayed were not isolated but were part of a larger tradition of Greek funerary rites in Geometric Period Athens.[7] See also
Sources1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQsM6U_Iyf0C&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=dipylon+krater&source=bl&ots=gIiJeI9G9P&sig=rOPYy8AQ6jTel3HEsM1IjjSwh2E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgoKaYlPXWAhVJYyYKHSJ5CBY4ChDoAQgwMAI#v=onepage&q=dipylon%20krater&f=false|title=Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective|last=Kleiner|first=Fred S.|date=2013-01-01|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=1133954812|language=en}} 2. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Greek Art and Archaeology|last=Neer|first=Richard|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=2012|isbn=9780500288771|location=New York|pages=76}} 3. ^Α 00990, Attic geometric krater. From Dipylon, Kerameikos. By Hirschfeld Painter. 750-735 B.C. 4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/248904|title=Attributed to the Hirschfeld Workshop {{!}} Terracotta krater {{!}} Greek, Attic {{!}} Geometric {{!}} The Met|website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum|access-date=2017-10-07}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/greekpast/4880.html|title=Dipylon vases|website=www.brown.edu|access-date=2017-10-28}} 6. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dbag/hd_dbag.htm|title=Death, Burial, and the Afterlife in Ancient Greece {{!}} Essay {{!}} Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History {{!}} The Metropolitan Museum of Art|last=Art|first=Author: Department of Greek and Roman|website=The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History|access-date=2017-10-28}} 7. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=MOORE|first=MARY B.|date=2007|title=ATHENS 803 AND THE EKPHORA|jstor=41321236|journal=Antike Kunst|volume=50|pages=9–23|doi=10.2307/41321236}} 4 : Individual ancient Greek vases|Archaeological discoveries in Greece|Metropolitan Museum of Art|8th-century BC works |
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