1. See also

2. External links

3. References

Unique optical properties have been uncovered in dense hyperuniform materials, wherein light of a wavelength specific to the material is able to propagate forward despite high particle density due to microscopic order. The uniformly spaced particles scatter light as it propagates through the material, but most of the scattering self-interferes except that in the direction of propagation. In conditions where light is propagated through an uncorrelated disordered material of the same density, the material would appear opaque due to multiple scattering. Such materials can be theoretically designed for light of any wavelength, and the applications of the concept cover a wide variety of fields of wave physics and materials engineering.^[4]

The term hyperuniformity was coined by chemist and packing expert Salvatore Torquato, co-author of a pioneering 2003 paper on the topic.^[5] Torquato says that another example of this ordering is that found in a shaken box of marbles, which fall into an arrangement, called maximally random jammed packing. Two classes of hyperuniformity include equilibrium systems - such as quasicrystals - and non-equilibrium systems, which include shaken marbles, emulsions, colloids and ensembles of cold atoms.^[6] It's also thought to emerge on the mysterious biological patterns known as fairy circles - circle and patterns of circles that emerge in arid places.^[7][8]

The challenge of creating disordered hyperuniform materials lies on successfully suppressing the density fluctuations over long scales in the material. Thus many proposed hyperuniform systems are composed of particles that are large in size so that not be influenced by thermal fluctuations. Recently Chremos has proposed a design rule for the practical creation of hyperuniform materials at the molecular level.^[9] Specifically, hyperuniformity is achieved by having one component fluid composed of molecules having a substituent of their particles (e.g., the core of the star polymers or the backbone chains in the case of bottlebrush polymers) localized within their own molecular structure, which tends to increase the magnitude of Sp in the partial structure factor correlations. The combination of these features leads to molecular packing that is highly uniform at both small and large length scales.^[9]

See also

• Quasicrystal

External links

• [https://www.quantamagazine.org/20160712-hyperuniformity-found-in-birds-math-and-physics/ A Bird’s-Eye View of Nature’s Hidden Order], Natalie Wolchover, Quanta Magazine

References

• Maximilien de Leuchtenberg
• Maximilien de Meuron
• Maximilien De Robespierre
• Maximilien Dominic Cormier
• Maximilien Francois Marie Isidore De Robespierre
• Maximilien François Isidore Robespierre
• Maximilien Gardel
• Maximilien Globensky
• Maximilien Godefroy
• Maximilien Jazani
• Maximilien jazani
• Maximilien Joseph Caspar Marie Kolkman
• Maximilien Misson
• Maximilien-Paul-Emile Littre
• Maximilien Paul Léon Steenberghe
• Maximilien Polak
• Maximilien Radix de Sainte-Foix
• Maximilien Ringelmann
• Maximilien Robespierre
• Maximilien Vox
• Maximilien Winter
• Maximilien zu Wied
• Maximilion
• Maximillian armor
• Maximillian Arturo