| 词条 | (DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m |
| 释义 |
|short_title = (DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m |legislature = |image = |imagesize = |imagealt = |caption = |long_title = Department of Defence Instruction 6130.03: Section 5; subheader 13 Female Genitalia System paragraph f and subheader 14 Male Genitalia System paragraph m |citation = [https://web.archive.org/web/20180927085621/https://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nmotc/nami/arwg/Documents/WaiverGuide/DODI_6130.03_JUL12.pdf DOD INSTRUCTION 6130.03 MEDICAL STANDARDS FOR APPOINTMENT, ENLISTMENT, OR INDUCTION INTO THE MILITARY SERVICES] |enacted_by = United States Department of Defense |date_enacted = |date_passed = |enacted_by2 = |date_enacted2 = |date_passed2 = |date_assented = |royal_assent = |date_commenced = |bill = |bill_citation = |bill_date = |introduced_by = |1st_reading = |2nd_reading = |3rd_reading = |committee_report = |bill2 = |bill_citation2 = |bill_date2 = |introduced_by2 = |1st_reading2 = |2nd_reading2 = |3rd_reading2 = |committee_report2 = |white_paper = |amendments = |repeals = |related_legislation = |summary = Barring of people with ovotesticular disorder of sex development, "pseudohermaphroditism" and pure gonadal dysgenesis from serving in the United States military |keywords = Intersex, military service, Armed Forces of the United States, Urological disorders |status = Current }}{{Intersex sidebar|rights}} The (DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m is the writing which barrs persons with "true hermaphroditism" (ovotesticular disorder of sex development), "pseudohermaphroditism" and "pure gonadal dysgenesis" from serving in the United States Armed Forces. The three are all intersex conditions and are as of now considered to be medically incompatible with military service in the United States. "DoDI" stands for "Department of Defense Instruction", the 6130.03 instruction concerns "Medical Standards for Appointment, Enlistment, or Induction in the Military Services" in the Armed Forces of the United States. Section 5 focuses on disqualifying conditions of the male and female reproductive system, on the female page the subheader 13 and paragraph f names true hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism and pure gonadal dysgenesis specifically, and the on the male page subheader 14 and paragraph m also names exactly true hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism and pure gonadal dysgenesis. There is no differentiation made between males and females with the conditions.[1] Many doctors, medical professionals and intersex advocates find the terms hermaphroditism to be outdated and stigmatized[2] so it and its derivative words are seldom used in the 2000s,[3] with the word Hermaphrodite itself being considered a slur when used against a human.[4][5] Statement
13. —Female Genitalia System: f. History of major abnormalities or defects of the genitalia, such as hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism, or pure gonadal dysgenesis.[1] Page 24 14. —Male Genitalia System: m. History of major abnormalities or defects of the genitalia such as hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism, or pure gonadal dysgenesis.[1] Page 26 Context"True hermaphroditism" which is clinically known as ovotesticular disorder of sex development[6] is a medical term for an intersex state in which a human is born with both testicular and ovarian tissue, often one or both gonads is an ovotestis which contains both types of tissue. It is similar in some ways to mixed gonadal dysgenesis but the conditions can be distinguished histologically.[7] The condition has several effects on the body, one of which is imbalanced hormonal output, which is why it is currently considered a disqualifying condition for military service in the United States. "Pseudohermaphroditism" on the other hand is an old clinical term for a person that is born with primary sex characteristics of one sex but develops the secondary sex characteristics[8][9] that are different from what would be expected on the basis of the gonadal tissue (ovary or testis). Use of the term "pseudohermaphroditism" can be problematic, and is now widely considered redundant.[10] Because of this the language still used by the armed forces has fallen out of favor in the 21 century due to misconceptions and pejorative connotations associated with the term Hermaphrodite.[11] Several militaries, whether they accept intersex people (such as Israel) or not, use different wording.[12] The website Military.com clumps all three conditions together as "hermaphroditism" on their list of conditions which disqualify one from service.[13] HistoryBackgroundBarring of intersex persons with ovotesticular disorder of sex development and "pseudohermaphroditism" like states dates back to at least as far back as 1956. Despite this John F. Patton of the Office of the Surgeon General and Center of Military History of the U.S. Army, wrote in 1988 that "Lesser degrees of these abnormalities, however, were obviously overlooked or regarded as compatible with military service."[14] Mentions of gonadal agenesis as an obstacle in military servie has been recorded since the early 1970s if not before.[15] DevelopmentsThe guideline with the current wording was first conceived in 2010 and implemented in 2011.[16][17] At first it was not addressed if persons who have had surgeries to address their genital abnormalities were acceptable or not but later updates added in notes about people also being barred if they had medical interventions done. In 2013 guidelines stated that "a history of, or current manifestations of, personality disorders, disorders of impulse control not elsewhere classified, transvestism, voyeurism, other paraphilias, or factitious disorders, psychosexual conditions, transsexual, gender identity disorder to include major abnormalities or defects of the genitalia such as change of sex or a current attempt to change sex, hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism, or pure gonadal dysgenesis or dysfunctional residuals from surgical correction of these conditions render an individual administratively unfit", which while specifying that only unsuccessful corrective surgeries for the conditions rendered someone unfit for service also lumped together disorders of sex development (dosd) with gender identity, fetishes, mental illness, neuroatypicality, personality disorders and paraphilias in the same level of disqualification, which is not consistent or optimal for rules of enlistment.[18][19][20] The 2016 amendments to the 6130.03 guidelines to allow transgender people to serve did not touch on intersex people whatsoever and their situation remained unchanged.[21] At the time the location of the writing was at "Enclosure 4, 14f. and 15r", here it was listed as "major abnormalit[y] or defect of genitalia".[22] The amendments made for transgender people were motivated by changes in the medical and psychological community, and while the use of the word hermaphroditism was criticized as archaic and medically outdated there was no major push by the larger LGBT community to have it corrected nor was any effort made on the part of the military to consider having it reworded.[23][24][25][26] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927085621/https://www.med.navy.mil/sites/nmotc/nami/arwg/Documents/WaiverGuide/DODI_6130.03_JUL12.pdf |title=DoD Instruction 6130.03 Medical Standards For Appointment, Enlistment, Or Induction Into The Military Services |via=Wayback Machine|date=September 27, 2018|publisher=}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.isna.org/faq/printable |title=Frequently Asked Questions |website= |publisher=Intersex Society of North America |format=printable |accessdate=2019-01-30 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190130211705/http://www.isna.org/faq/printable |archive-date=2019-01-30 |quote=The words "hermaphrodite" and "pseudo-hermaphrodite" are stigmatizing and misleading words. Unfortunately, some medical personnel still use them to refer to people with certain intersex conditions, because they still subscribe to an outdated nomenclature that uses gonadal anatomy as the basis of sex classification. |dead-url=no |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.isna.org/faq/printable |title= Frequently Asked Questions|website= |publisher=Intersex Society of North America |format=printable |accessdate=2019-01-30|archive-url=http://archive.is/FxEPf |archive-date=30 January 2019 |quote=In a paper titled "Changing the Nomenclature/Taxonomy for Intersex: A Scientific and Clinical Rationale":/node/979, five ISNA-associated experts recommend that all terms based on the root "hermaphrodite" be abandoned because they are scientifically specious and clinically problematic. The terms fail to reflect modern scientific understandings of intersex conditions, confuse clinicians, harm patients, and panic parents. We think it is much better for everyone involved when specific condition names are used in medical research and practice.}} 4. ^Wallace Swan; The Routledge Handbook of LGBTQIA Administration and Policy 5. ^{{cite web|url= https://genderkit.org.uk/slurs/|title=Slurs |website=Genderkit.org.uk |publisher=Gender Construction Kit |date= |accessdate=2019-01-24|archive-url=|archive-date=24 January 2019}} 6. ^{{cite journal | author1 = Lee P. A.|author2= Houk C. P.|author3= Ahmed S. F.|author4= Hughes I. A. | year = 2006 | title = Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders | url =http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/118/2/e488 | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 118 | issue = 2| pages = e488–500 | doi=10.1542/peds.2006-0738| pmid = 16882788 | pmc = 2082839 }} 7. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/01.MP.0000027623.23885.0D|pmid=12379746|title=True Hermaphroditism and Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis in Young Children: A Clinicopathologic Study of 10 Cases|journal=Modern Pathology|volume=15|issue=10|pages=1013–9|year=2002|last1=Kim|first1=Kyu-Rae|last2=Kwon|first2=Youngmee|last3=Joung|first3=Jae Young|last4=Kim|first4=Kun Suk|last5=Ayala|first5=Alberto G.|last6=ťRo|first6=Jae Y.}} 8. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_p_39zPzhtm#12675444| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228012313/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_p_39zPzhtm| archivedate=2007-12-28|title=Dorlands Medical Dictionary |accessdate=2007-12-07 |format= |work=}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2008/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D011545 |title=MESH |accessdate=2007-12-07 |format= |work=}} 10. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee PA, Houk CP, Ahmed SF, Hughes IA |title=Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders. International Consensus Conference on Intersex |journal=Pediatrics |volume=118 |issue=2 |pages=e488–500 |date=August 2006 |pmid=16882788 |doi=10.1542/peds.2006-0738|pmc=2082839 }} 11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Dreger|first=Alice D.|last2=Chase|first2=Cheryl|last3=Sousa|first3=Aron|last4=Gruppuso|first4=Phillip A.|last5=Frader|first5=Joel|date=18 August 2005|title="Changing the Nomenclature/Taxonomy for Intersex: A Scientific and Clinical Rationale."|url=http://www.aissg.org/PDFs/Dreger-Nomenclature-2005.PDF|journal=Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=|issue=|doi=|pmid=|access-date=27 July 2016|via=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220154642/http://www.aissg.org/PDFs/Dreger-Nomenclature-2005.PDF|archive-date=2016-12-20|dead-url=yes|df=}} 12. ^Speckhard, Anna and Paz, Reuven; " [https://www.academia.edu/14134575/Transgender_Service_in_the_Israel_Defense_Forces_A_Polar_Opposite_Stance_to_the_U.S._Military_Policy_of_Barring_Transgender_Soldiers_from_Service Transgender Service in the Israel Defense Forces: A Polar Opposite Stance to the U.S. Military Policy of Barring Transgender Soldiers from Service]" (2014); Academia.edu 13. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.military.com/join-armed-forces/disqualifiers-medical-conditions.html |title=Medical Conditions That Can Keep You From Joining the Military |website=Military.com |publisher= |accessdate=2019-01-30 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190130213558/https://www.military.com/join-armed-forces/disqualifiers-medical-conditions.html |archive-date=2019-01-30 |quote= |dead-url=no |df= }} 14. ^John F. Patton; Urology - Page 148 15. ^Military Medicine; Association of Military Surgeons, United States, 1970 - Page 788-790 16. ^Assessing the Implications of Allowing Transgender Personnel to Serve Openly - Page 65 17. ^Sexual Assault in the U.S. Military: The Battle Within America's Armed - Page 87 18. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.louisvillecardinal.com/2013/09/chelsea-manning-illuminates-the-struggle-of-transgender-individuals-in-the-u-s/|title=Chelsea Manning illuminates the struggle of transgender individuals in the U.S. |author=Staff |publisher=The Louisville Cardinal |date=2013 |accessdate=2019-01-24|archive-url=|archive-date=}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.palmcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Arbitrary-and-Capricious-1.pdf |title=Arbitrary And Capricious: Six Inconsistencies Distinguishing Military Medical Policies For Transgender And Non-transgender Personnel |author=Diane H. Mazur |publisher=PALM Center; Blueprints for Sound Public Policy |date= October 2014|accessdate=2019-01-24|archive-url=|archive-date=}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://milreg.com/File.aspx?id=26 |title=AR 40-501 STANDARDS OF MEDICAL FITNESS |author= |publisher=Milreg.com |date= |accessdate=2019-01-24|archive-url=|archive-date=}} 21. ^Inclusion in the American Military: A Force for Diversity - Page 163 22. ^Inclusion in the American Military: A Force for Diversity - Page 154 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/sparta/pages/288/attachments/original/1466950956/SPARTA_Transgender_Policy_Implementation_Guide_3.22.15.pdf?1466950956 |title=Transgender Military Service: A Guide to Implementation |author1= Brynn Tannehill|author2= Allyson Dylan Robinson|author3= Sue Fulton|publisher=SPλRT*A: Service Members Partners Allies For Respect And Tolerance For All |date=February 2015 |accessdate=2019-01-24|archive-url=|archive-date=}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.glad.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Response-to-motion-to-stay.pdf |title= UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT * JANE DOE et al. v. DONALD J. TRUMP et al.|author= |work=Jane Doe v. Trump |publisher=GLAAD |date= |accessdate=2019-01-24|archive-url=|archive-date=}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2018/07/19/18-35347-motion%20for%20stay.pdf |title=IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT * RYAN KARNOSKI, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, STATE OF WASHINGTON, Attorney General’s Office Civil Rights Unit, Intervenor-Plaintiff-Appellee, v. DONALD J. TRUMP, in his official capacity as President of the United States, et al. Defendants-Appellants. ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT CO |author= |publisher=Cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov |date= |accessdate=2019-01-24|archive-url=|archive-date=}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.coursehero.com/file/p14tsl2g/3-The-presence-of-any-ostomy-gastrointestinal-or-urinary-513-FEMALE-GENITAL/ |title=3 The presence of any ostomy gastrointestinal or urinary 513 FEMALE GENITAL |author= |publisher=Course Hero |date= |accessdate=2019-01-24|archive-url=|archive-date=}} Further reading— "[https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1751&context=sjsj No One is Disposable: Going Beyond the Trans Military Inclusion Debate]", Seattle University School of Law — "[https://www.voicesonthesquare.com/essays/2013/08/09/transgender-life-us-military Transgender Life in the US Military]", Voices on the Square External links
4 : United States military policies|Intersex people and military service in the United States|Military medicine in the United States|2018 in LGBT history |
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