| 词条 | Donald W. Pfaff |
| 释义 |
| name = Donald W. Pfaff | image = Donald Pfaff headshot.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1939|12|9|mf=y}} | birth_place = Rochester, New York | citizenship = | nationality = United States | fields = Neuroscience | workplaces = The Rockefeller University | alma_mater = {{ublist |Harvard College|Massachusetts Institute of Technology}} | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = Robert Lustig | known_for = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | spouse = {{ublist|Stephanie Strickland | Nina Fedoroff}} | children = 3 }}Donald Wells Pfaffis a professor and head of the Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior at The Rockefeller University in New York City.[1] Early lifeDonald Pfaff was born in on December 9, 1939.[2] He graduated from Harvard College, magna cum laude (1961), and received a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1965). After further training at MIT and the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, he joined The Rockefeller University in 1966 as a post-doctoral fellow. He was appointed assistant professor in 1969, promoted to associate professor in 1971, and gained tenure in 1973. He has been professor and head of the Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior since 1978.[3] ResearchEarly in his career, Pfaff developed techniques to discover both estrogen and androgen receptors in rat brains.[4][5] Within 15 years, it was clear that the limbic/hypothalamic system he discovered in rat brains was universal among vertebrate brains as well.[6] His laboratory worked out the first nerve cell circuit for a mammalian behavior, discovered hormone-sensitive genes in the brain; and integrated these findings to show how specific gene expression in a small part of the brain can regulate behavior.[7] Pfaff also discovered that the nerve cells which control all reproductive processes—neurons that express the gene for the peptide called Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)—are not born in the brain (as are most neurons), but in the nose, from which they migrate into the brain.[8][9] Pfaff also formulated a concept of the fundamental brain processes, “generalized brain arousal” (GA), and studied the development of arousal-related neurons, their anatomy, and neurophysiology.[10] Pfaff’s lab has published more than 900 research papers, and he has written or edited more than 25 books. Pfaff conceived and edited a comprehensive survey of neuroscience, Neuroscience in the 21st Century,[11] which was distributed electronically without cost, to colleges and medical schools in economically developing countries.[12] Among his books, Estrogens and Brain Function[13] united the fields of endocrinology and neuroscience. Drive[14] demonstrated the mechanisms for a simple reproductive behavior, and argued that the lessons learned informed our understanding of the physiological basis of libido. Brain Arousal and Information Theory[15] addressed the mechanisms that wake up the entire brain as well as their damping down by sleep, anesthesia or traumatic brain injury. The Altruistic Brain,[16] co-written with Dr. Sandra Sherman, argued that altruistic behavior can be considered as a natural neurophysiological phenomenon, and put forth an elegant theory of how such prosocial behaviors can be explained without reference to any unusual neural capacities. How the Vertebrate Brain Regulates Behavior; A Field Develops[17] offers Pfaff’s perspective on his more than fifty years in neuroscience. Honors and awards
References1. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.rockefeller.edu/our-scientists/heads-of-laboratories/887-donald-w-pfaff/|title=Donald W. Pfaff|publisher=Rockefeller University|access-date=2018-01-16}} 2. ^{{Cite book|title=Handbook of neuroendocrinology|date=2012|publisher=Academic Press|others=Fink, George., Pfaff, Donald W., 1939-, Levine, Jon E.|isbn=9780123750976|location=[Place of publication not identified]|oclc=756490849}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Choleris|first=Elena|last2=McCarthy|first2=Margaret M.|last3=Kavaliers|first3=Martin|date=January 2012|title=Daniel S. Lehrman Lifetime Achievement Award: Sex in the brain: Donald Wells Pfaff and motivation from genes to molecules to behavior|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/hormones-and-behavior/vol/61/issue/1|journal=Hormones and Behavior|volume=61|issue=1|pages=1–3|via=Elsevier Science Direct}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pfaff|first=Donald|last2=Keiner|first2=Melvyn|date=1973-09-15|title=Atlas of estradiol-concentrating cells in the central nervous system of the female rat|journal=The Journal of Comparative Neurology|volume=151|issue=2|pages=121–157|doi=10.1002/cne.901510204|pmid=4744471|issn=1096-9861}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pfaff|first=Donald W.|date=1968-09-27|title=Autoradiographic Localization of Radioactivity in Rat Brain after Injection of Tritiated Sex Hormones|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/161/3848/1355|journal=Science|volume=161|issue=3848|pages=1355–1356|doi=10.1126/science.161.3848.1355|issn=0036-8075|pmid=5673448}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Morphology of Hypothalamus and Its Connections|last=Ganten|first=D. (Detlev)|date=1986|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|others=Pfaff, Donald.|isbn=9783642714634|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|oclc=840294755}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Expert Says Sense of Smell is Most Important|last=Geyer|first=Joan|date=11 November 1977|work=Anaheim California Bulletin|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 8. ^{{Cite book|title=Comparative vertebrate endocrinology|last=Bentley|first=P.|date=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521629980|edition= 3rd|location=Cambridge, UK|page=28|oclc=37239013}} 9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Schwanzel-Fukuda|first=Marlene|last2=Pfaff|first2=Donald W.|date=March 1989|title=Origin of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/338161a0|journal=Nature|volume=338|issue=6211|pages=161–164|doi=10.1038/338161a0|pmid=2645530|issn=1476-4687|via=}} 10. ^{{Cite book|title=Knobil and Neill's physiology of reproduction|others=Plant, T. M. (Tony M.),, Zeleznik, Anthony,, Knobil, Ernst.|isbn=9780123971753|edition= 4th|location=Amsterdam|oclc=897442559|last1 = Plant|first1 = Tony M.|last2=Zeleznik|first2=Anthony J.|date=2014-12-30}} 11. ^{{Cite book|title=Neuroscience in the 21st Century : from basic to clinical|others=Pfaff, Donald W., 1939-, Volkow, Nora D., 1956-|isbn=978-1493934737|edition= Second |location=New York, NY|oclc=961912670|last1 = Pfaff|first1 = Donald W.|last2=Volkow|first2=Nora D.|date=2016-10-27}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ibro.info/news/new-comprehensive-neuroscience-textbook-free-to-universities-in-low-income-countries/|title=IBRO {{!}} New comprehensive neuroscience textbook: free to universities in low-income countries|website=ibro.info|access-date=2018-01-20}} 13. ^{{Cite book|title=Estrogens and Brain Function : Neural Analysis of a Hormone-Controlled Mammalian Reproductive Behavior|last=Pfaff|first=Donald W.|date=1980|publisher=Springer New York|isbn=978-1461380863|location=New York, NY|oclc=852790540}} 14. ^{{Cite book|title=Drive: Neurobiological and molecular mechanisms of sexual motivation|last=Pfaff|first=Donald W.|date=1999|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0262661478|location=Cambridge, Mass.|oclc=44963864}} 15. ^{{Cite book|title=Brain arousal and information theory: Neural and genetic mechanisms|last=Pfaff|first=Donald W.|date=2006|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674019201|location=Cambridge, Mass.|oclc=431398899}} 16. ^{{Cite book|title=The altruistic brain : how we are naturally good|last=Pfaff|first=Donald W.|isbn=978-0199377466|location=Oxford|oclc=875629963|year = 2015}} 17. ^{{Cite book|title=How the vertebrate brain regulates behavior: Direct from the lab|last=Pfaff|first=Donald W.|isbn=978-0674660311|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|oclc=959871694}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/28667/title/Nine-Women-Among-60-Scientists-Elected-To-NAS/|title=Nine Women Among 60 Scientists Elected To NAS|last=Sankaran|first=Neeraja|date=13 June 1994|website=The Scientist|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=16 January 2018}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.amacad.org/peerCollaboration/profile.aspx?c=psa&q=pfaff|title=Academy Member Connection|website=www.amacad.org|access-date=2018-01-16}} 20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://sbn.org/awards/daniel-s-lehrman-award.aspx|title=Daniel S. Lehrman Lifetimes Achievement Award in Behavioral Neuroendicrinology|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=16 January 2018}} External links
11 : 21st-century American biologists|American textbook writers|Living people|1939 births|Harvard University alumni|Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni|Rockefeller University faculty|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Writers from Rochester, New York|Scientists from New York (state) |
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