| 词条 | Dorothy Hazard |
| 释义 |
Dorothy Hazard was a seventeenth-century English religious reformer who played a part in the defence of the city of Bristol during the English Civil War. Despite her marriage to a Puritan minister, she founded a Dissenter church in Bristol, which became one of the city's first Baptist churches. Religious lifeLittle is known of Hazard's early life. She was married to a grocer named Anthony Kelly, and after his death continued to manage their shop in Bristol. At this time, she was a supporter of the Separatist movement, and as such was the target of persecution for her beliefs; on at least one occasion her shop was vandalised and the windows broken.[1] In the late 1630s a Puritan preacher named Matthew Hazard[2] took up residence in the city, and the widow Dorothy Kelly was persuaded to marry him. Her husband later became the minister of Christ Church with St Ewen. Dorothy Hazard was torn between her personal religious beliefs and her role as a clergyman's wife, a dichotomy which was finally resolved when she opened her Bible at random and read the verse "If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand / The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God ..." from {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Revelation|chapter=14|verse=9|range=–10}}. This persuaded her to split completely with the Church of England and join the Separatists. Along with four men - Mr Atkins, Mr Poole, Mr Moone and Rev. Bacon - she founded the first Dissenter church in Bristol in 1640; meetings were held at both the Hazard residence and at Rev. Bacon's house.[1][3] The church became affiliated with the Baptist movement, and survived for over 300 years.[4] English Civil WarDuring the English Civil War, Bristol was besieged by the Royalist troops of Sir Ralph Hopton. During the storming of the city, Hazard and her friend Joan Batten led a group of women to the city's Frome Gate, where they barricaded breaches in the walls with sandbags, and encouraged the soldiers in the defence of the city.[5][6] However, despite Hazard's offer to Bristol's governor, Nathaniel Fiennes, to gather a group of women and act as a human shield, Fiennes, subsequently surrendered to the Royalists.[2][7] Hazard's defence of the wall subsequently became the subject for a mural by Gerald Moira, which was commissioned by Sir Claude Phillips for the decoration of Bristol's Old Council House in 1923.[8][9] References1. ^1 {{cite book|author1=J. F. Nicholls|author2=John Taylor|title=Bristol Past and Present|date=1882|publisher=J.W. Arrowsmith|url=http://www.brh.org.uk/site/articles/bristol-past-and-present/dorothy-hazard-and-other-bristol-separatistst/|accessdate=30 May 2017|chapter=Dorothy Hazard And Other Bristol Separatists}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hazard, Dorothy}}{{Authority control}}2. ^1 {{cite book|title=The Christian's Penny Magazine; A Weekly Miscellany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EiAFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA406|publisher=Charles Wood & Son|year=1834|page=406}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=J. G. Fuller|title=The Rise and Progress of Dissent in Bristol; Chiefly in Relation to the Broadmead Church, Etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAJeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA21|year=1840|publisher=Hamilton, Adams and Company|page=21}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Patrick Collinson|title=Elizabethans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IGxAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124|date=1 April 2003|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-8264-3070-0|page=124}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Charles Carlton|title=Going to the Wars: The Experience of the British Civil Wars 1638-1651|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7cuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165|date=1 November 2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-84935-2|page=165}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Martyn Bennett|title=Historical Dictionary of the British and Irish Civil Wars 1637-1660|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1ttCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|date=10 February 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-6264-5|page=53}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Valerie Pitt|title=Bloody British History: Bristol|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4BKLBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT46|date=2 March 2015|publisher=History Press|isbn=978-0-7509-6018-2|page=46}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Clare A. P. Willsdon|title=Mural Painting in Britain 1840-1940: Image and Meaning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNJo8VKfBmkC&pg=PA193|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-817515-5|page=193}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=Moira|first1=Gerald|title=Mistress Dorothy Hazard and the Women of Bristol Defending the Frome Gate against Prince Rupert, 1643|url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/mistress-dorothy-hazard-and-the-women-of-bristol-defending-the-frome-gate-against-prince-rupert-1643-188799|website=Art UK|accessdate=30 May 2017}} 7 : 17th-century Protestant religious leaders|17th-century English businesspeople|English Dissenters|People from Bristol|Women in the English Civil War|17th-century businesswomen|Female religious leaders |
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