| 词条 | Dorothy Hughes (architect) |
| 释义 |
|name = Dorothy Hughes |image = Eugenie_Dorothy_Hughes_(aka_Dorothy_Hughes).jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_name = Eugenie Dorothy Ullman |birth_date = {{Birth date|1910|6|26|df=y}} |birth_place = London, England |death_date = {{Death date and age|1987|8|16|1910|6|26|df=y}} |death_place = Tunbridge Wells, County Kent, England |nationality = Kenyan |occupation = Architect, politician }} Eugenie Dorothy Hughes, {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|MBE|FRIBA|size=100%|sep=,}} (26 June 1910 – 16 August 1987) was a Kenyan architect, politician, social reformer and disability activist. She founded the Kenyan Council of Social Services and served as the head of the Sports Association for the Disabled. As the first East African female architect, she owned her own firm and is best known for her design of the Cathedral of the Holy Family in Nairobi. BiographyEugenie Dorothy{{sfn|Kenya Gazette|1958|p=919}} Ullman{{sfn|Gichure|2011|p=98}} was born on 26 June 1910[1] in London. Her parents moved to the Rift Valley town of Eldoret in Uasin Gishu County, in 1913, constructing the second building in that town. She grew up in Kenya but returned to London for schooling,{{sfn|Gichure|2011|p=98}} attending the Architectural Association School of Architecture.[2] She returned to Kenya and married the Kenyan Ford agent, John Hughes, who later founded Hughes Motors. Subsequently, the couple had 6 children.{{sfn|Gichure|2011|p=99}} Hughes became a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1946.[3] She opened an architectural firm, Hughes and Polkinghorne, designing such structures as the Golden Beach Hotel,[4] Murangi House, the Princess Elizabeth Hospital, the Rift Valley Sports Club,[5] and St. Mary’s school, among many others.[6] In 1950, she was awarded Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) for her design work on the hospitals in Kenya, like the Nakuru War Memorial Hospital. Between 1950 and 1951 Hughes served as vice president of the East Africa Women's League, which was formed to promote an initiative and collect funds to address the hospital shortage in Nairobi; she subsequently served as president for the 1951-1952 term.[3] In 1955 Hughes was elected to serve on the Nairobi City Council{{sfn|Kenya Gazette|1955|p=155}} and was elected by the mostly Afrikaner constituency in 1956 to represent the Uasin Gishu settlers on the Legislative Council. In 1959, she was selected as the delegate to the 1960 Lancaster House Conference in London to secure Kenyan independence. Hughes lost her seat in the 1961 elections primarily because of her Catholicism and membership in the New Kenya Party. The primary was only open to white settlers, the constituency which had previously elected her was mostly non-white, and the New Kenya Party was the first multi-racial party in Kenya. After the loss of the election, Hughes turned her sights to community social welfare projects such as the Cheshire Homes for the disabled.{{sfn|Gichure|2011|p=99}} Hughes served as vice chair of the organizing committee for the International Conference on Social Welfare held in Nairobi in July, 1974 and was a founding member of the Kenyan Council of Social Services. She also served as chair of the Kenya Sports Association for the Disabled.[7] Hughes' most noted design work was of the Cathedral of the Holy Family which she designed in 1960. Known for its modernist style and non-figurative stained glass, the building also featured carrara marble[2] and seating for 4,000. In addition to the main altar, there are two side altars, two halls and eight chapels. It currently serves as the headquarters of the Archdiocese of Nairobi.[8] In the late 1960s, she designed an annex to the Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) which held a popular flying saucer-shaped nightclub known for its local benga music, as well as Afro-Caribbean calypso and soukous rhythms.[2] The club, located in the red-light district of Nairobi on Koinange Street,[9] went through various name changes[2] but was locally known as the F1, Madhouse, or Maddi, until its 2014 demolition.[9] Both of these buildings were listed by the Daily Nation in the list of top buildings in Kenya.[8][10] Late in life, Hughes donated her home in Mũthangari, in the Lavington area of Nairobi to the organization Opus Dei as the permanent home of Kibondeni College. She had worked with the members of Opus Dei for many years to establish educational opportunities for girls in Nairobi.{{sfn|Gichure|2011|pp=98-99}} She died on 16 August 1987 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England{{sfn|Kenya Gazette|1987|p=1766}} and was buried in St. Austin's Cemetery, Mũthangari, Nairobi, Kenya.[1] References1. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Barnes|first1=Bob|title=St Austin's Cemetery HUGHES-Dorothy|url=http://www.eamemorials.co.uk/EAMemorials/KENYA/Nairobi%20St%20Austin's/StAustinsMission75.htm|publisher=EA Memorials|accessdate=21 October 2015|location=Nairobi, Kenya|date=2007}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=O’Toole |first1=Sean |title=International Style |url=http://www.frieze.com/issue/print_article/international-style/ |publisher=Frieze Magazine |accessdate=20 October 2015 |location=London, England |date=23 April 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020231201/http://www.frieze.com/issue/print_article/international-style/ |archivedate=20 October 2015 |df= }} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Mrs. E. D. Hughes, MBE, HSC, FRIBA. President 1951-1952|url=http://www.eawl.org/#!1950s/ca28|publisher=East Africa Women's League|accessdate=21 October 2015|location=Nairobi, Kenya}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Golden beach, Nairobi, Kenya|url=http://www.latisnetwork.com/new/?q=masterplanning/golden-beach-nairobi-kenya|publisher=Latis Network|accessdate=21 October 2015|location=London, England}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Into The Wilds Of Karen And Rest For The Weary|url=http://happeningtravelchatter.blogspot.mx/2012/03/into-wilds-of-karen-and-rest-for-weary.html|publisher=Happening Travel Chatter|accessdate=21 October 2015|location=Nairobi, Kenya|date=28 March 2012}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Safari Rally winner, Kenya vehicle assembly pioneer passes on at 77|url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Kenya-vehicle-assembly-pioneer-passes-on-at-77/-/539444/1512880/-/fo2j1v/-/index.html|accessdate=21 October 2015|publisher=Business Daily|date=20 September 2012|location=Nairobi, Kenya}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=How the Africans help themselves—and how Australia can learn|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=V_hjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IeUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1463%2C2227299|accessdate=20 October 2015|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=7 February 1974|location=Sydney, Australia|page=3}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|title=Top 20 Buildings in Kenya|url=http://dailykenya.blogspot.mx/2012/09/top-20-buildings-in-kenya.html|publisher=Daily Kenya|accessdate=21 October 2015|location=Nairobi, Kenya|date=17 September 2012}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Mulei|first1=Tracy|title=End of an era as Nairobi’s Mad House is demolished|url=http://nairobidigest.co.ke/end-of-an-era-as-nairobis-mad-house-is-demolished/|accessdate=20 October 2015|publisher=Nairobi Digest|date=27 August 2014|location=Nairobi, Kenya}} 10. ^{{cite news|last1=Gisesa|first1=Nyambega|title=Named: Kenya’s top 15 buildings|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Named+Kenyas+top+15+buildings+/-/1056/1499686/-/mi7dd2z/-/index.html|accessdate=24 October 2015|publisher=Daily Nation|date=7 September 2012|location=Nairobi, Kenya}} Sources
9 : 1910 births|1987 deaths|Kenyan architects|Kenyan women architects|Disability rights activists|Activists|Members of the Order of the British Empire|Members of the Legislative Council of Kenya|Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects |
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