“Doryteuthis gahi”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Doryteuthis gahi, also known as the Patagonian squid and locally{{where|date=January 2019}} as calamar,^[3] is a small-sized squid belonging to the family Loliginidae. It occurs in coastal waters in the southeastern Pacific Ocean and the southwestern Atlantic Ocean where it is caught and eaten for food.

Description

The Patagonian squid is a small species and has a mantle length of {{convert|10|to|15|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} and a weight of between {{convert|75|and|150|g}}.^[2] The mantle is somewhat elongated and on either side at the posterior end are rhomboidal fins, rather less than half the length of the mantle. At the anterior end are four pairs of arms and a pair of tentacles. The third and fourth pairs of arms are longer than the others, and in males, the left fourth arm is heterodactylised near its tip. The tentacles are long and slender, each terminated by a club-shaped "manus" with small, narrow suckers at the edge and slightly larger ones at the centre.^[3]

Distribution

This squid occurs in the southeastern Pacific Ocean and the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. In the Pacific its range extends along the coast from southern Peru to southern Chile, and in the Atlantic, from the San Matías Gulf in Argentina southwards to Tierra del Fuego, including the continental shelf around the Falkland Islands. It is an open-water species with a depth range from the surface down to about {{convert|350|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}.^[3]

Biology

Little is known of the biology of this species, but like all squid, it is a predator. Prey items are caught by the tentacles, grasped and moved to the mouth with the help of the arms, and then chewed by the horny beak.^[4] In Chile, spawning grounds have been identified at depths of between {{convert|10|and|15|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. Fragile egg masses some {{convert|25|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} long containing about 15 embryos have been found among stems of the kelp Lessonia trabeculata, particularly in places where the algae has been heavily defoliated, suggesting that a semi-protected environment with adequate water movement is desirable.^[5]

Uses

In the Pacific Ocean and off Argentina, this species is mostly caught as bycatch during trawls directed at other species. There is a dedicated fishery in the Falkland Islands where it is an important target species taken from over the Patagonian Shelf. The total reported world catch in 1999 was {{convert|42505|tonnes|0|abbr=on}}, with the largest catch being from the Falkland Islands ({{convert|22502|tonnes|0|abbr=on}}).^[3]^[6]

References

1. ^¹{{cite WoRMS |author=Finn, Julian |year=2018 |title=Doryteuthis (Amerigo) gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) |id=410351 |accessdate=11 November 2018}}
2. ^{{Cite web |url = http://fis.com/falklandfish/FisheriesBulletin14.pdf |title = Fisheries Department Fisheries Statistics, Volume 14, 2009: |publisher = Falkland Islands Government |year = 2010 |accessdate =11 November 2018}}
3. ^¹²³{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2713/en |title=Species Fact Sheet: Loligo gahi (Orbigny, 1835) |publisher=FAO |accessdate=11 November 2018}}
4. ^{{cite book |title=Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition |last1=Ruppert |first1=Edward E. |last2=Fox |first2=Richard, S. |last3=Barnes |first3=Robert D. |year=2004 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-81-315-0104-7 |pages=355–356 }}
5. ^{{cite book|title=Inshore Spawning Grounds of the Squid Doryteuthis Gahi Suggest the Consistent Use of Defoliated Kelp Lessonia Trabeculata in Central Chilean Waters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=STg6swEACAAJ |year=2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.fis.com/falklandfish/FisheriesBulletin11.pdf|title=Fishery Statistics Volume 11 (1997–2006)|accessdate=4 May 2015|date=2007|publisher=Falkland Islands Government|pages=iv, viii}}