| 词条 | Draft:Acland Mill |
| 释义 |
|name = Acland Mill |logo = |logo_caption = |type = |slogan = |founded = {{Start date and age|1855}} in Rishra, Bengal Presidency, British India |defunct = {{End date|1858}} |founder = George Acland |fate = Burnt down in 1858 |location_city = |location_country = |area_served = |key_people = |industry = Jute |products = |market_cap = |revenue = |net_income = |assets = |num_employees = |owner = |subsid = |homepage = |intl = }} Acland Mill was the first jute mill established in India. The mill was established in 1855, in the city of Rishra, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day West Bengal, India) by George Acland and Babu Bysumber Sen. BackgroundAt the beginning of the nineteenth century, jute manufacturing in India and Bengal was inefficient and of poor quality. The Crimean War interrupted the supply of flax and hemp from the Russian Empire to Britain, which enabled the Bengali jute trade to permanently take the place of the flax and hemp supply. By the middle of the eighteenth century, Bengal exported large quantities of raw jute to supply the flax industry in Dundee.[1] HistoryThe founder of Acland Mill, George Acland, was a former British marine, entrepreneur, and owner of coffee plantations in Ceylon, from Devonshire.[2][3] He initially had the idea to grow rhea grass to serve as a substitute for flax and hemp, in order to make up for losses he had acquired through other business ventures. However, a machine manufacturer, named John Kerr, advised Acland to manufacture jute products in Bengal. In 1855, Acland, in collaboration with a Bengali financier named Babu Bysumber Sen and a Dundee jute overseer, installed the first jute spinning machinery at Rishra, on the western bank of the Hooghly River. This established Acland Mill as the first jute mill established in India.[1][2] Acland Mill was managed by Charles Smith, a jute mill overseer from Dundee. The mill produced 8 tons of jute yarn per day, and, in about 1857, expanded to handweaving canvas on a few frame hand looms.[4] Acland Mill burnt down in 1858. Acland restarted the mill under the new name of the Ischera Yarn Mill in 1862. Ischera Yarn Mill was auctioned off to new owners in 1868, who again restarted the mill under the new name of the Rishra Jute Mill.[3] The Rishra Jute Mill prospered primarily because of the British demand for cotton caused by the American Civil War, by providing a supply of jute bags to Bombay.[2] References1. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Sumit |title=India's late, late industrial revolution: democratizing entrepreneurship |date=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-62286-9 |page=90}} {{draft categories|2. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Sethia |first1=Tara |title=The Rise of the Jute Manufacturing Industry in Colonial India: A Global Perspective |journal=Journal of World History |date=1996 |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=77 |ref=www.jstor.org/stable/20078659 |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|jstor=20078659 }} 3. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Herbert R. |title=Jute and its manufacture |date=1921 |publisher=London, Bale & Danielsson |pages=167 |url=http://oskicat.berkeley.edu/record=b12081855~S1|series=Technical handbooks }} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=Lenman |first1=Bruce |last2=Lythe |first2=Charlotte |last3=Gauldie |first3=Enid |title=Dundee and its Textile Industry |date=1969 |publisher=Abertay History Society |page=27 |url=https://abertay.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/dundee_textile_industry.pdf |accessdate=7 April 2019}} }}{{AFC submission|||ts=20190405010939|u=AuroraButterfly|ns=118}} 4 : Jute mills|Renewable resource companies established in the 1850s|Manufacturing companies established in 1855|Jute industry of India |
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