| 词条 | Yuppie |
| 释义 |
"Yuppie" (short for "young urban professional" or "young, upwardly-mobile professional")[1][2] is a term coined in the early 1980s for a young professional person working in a city.[3] HistoryJoseph Epstein was credited for coining the term in 1982,[4] although this is contested. The first printed appearance of the word was in a May 1980 Chicago magazine article by Dan Rottenberg.[5] The term gained currency in the United States in 1983 when syndicated newspaper columnist Bob Greene published a story about a business networking group founded in 1982 by the former radical leader Jerry Rubin, formerly of the Youth International Party (whose members were called "yippies"); Greene said he had heard people at the networking group (which met at Studio 54 to soft classical music) joke that Rubin had "gone from being a yippie to being a yuppie". The headline of Greene's story was "From Yippie to Yuppie'".[6][7] East Bay Express humorist Alice Kahn claimed to have coined the word in a 1983 column. This claim is disputed.[8][9] The proliferation of the word was affected by the publication of The Yuppie Handbook in January 1983 (a tongue-in-cheek take on The Official Preppy Handbook[10]), followed by Senator Gary Hart's 1984 candidacy as a "yuppie candidate" for President of the United States.[11] The term was then used to describe a political demographic group of socially liberal but fiscally conservative voters favoring his candidacy.[12] Newsweek magazine declared 1984 "The Year of the Yuppie", characterizing the salary range, occupations, and politics of "yuppies" as "demographically hazy".[11] The alternative acronym yumpie, for young upwardly mobile professional, was also current in the 1980s but failed to catch on.[13]In a 1985 issue of The Wall Street Journal, Theressa Kersten at SRI International described a "yuppie backlash" by people who fit the demographic profile yet express resentment of the label: "You're talking about a class of people who put off having families so they can make payments on the SAABs ... To be a Yuppie is to be a loathsome undesirable creature". Leo Shapiro, a market researcher in Chicago, responded, "Stereotyping always winds up being derogatory. It doesn't matter whether you are trying to advertise to farmers, Hispanics or Yuppies, no one likes to be neatly lumped into some group."[11] The word lost most of its political connotations and, particularly after the 1987 stock market crash, gained the negative socio-economic connotations that it sports today. On April 8, 1991, Time magazine proclaimed the death of the "yuppie" in a mock obituary.[14] The term has experienced a resurgence in usage during the 2000s and 2010s. In October 2000, David Brooks remarked in a Weekly Standard article that Benjamin Franklin – due to his extreme wealth, cosmopolitanism, and adventurous social life – is "Our Founding Yuppie".[15] A recent article in Details proclaimed "The Return of the Yuppie", stating that "the yuppie of 1986 and the yuppie of 2006 are so similar as to be indistinguishable" and that "the yup" is "a shape-shifter... he finds ways to reenter the American psyche."[16] In 2010, right-wing political commentator Victor Davis Hanson wrote in National Review very critically of "yuppies".[17] Usage outside the United States"Yuppie" was in common use in Britain from the early 1980s onwards (the premiership of Margaret Thatcher) and by 1987 had spawned subsidiary terms used in newspapers such as "yuppiedom", "yuppification", "yuppify" and "yuppie-bashing".[18] A September 2010 article in The Standard described the items on a typical Hong Kong resident's "yuppie wish list" based on a survey of 28- to 35-year-olds. About 58% wanted to own their own home, 40% wanted to professionally invest, and 28% wanted to become a boss.[19] A September 2010 article in The New York Times defined as a hallmark of Russian "yuppie life" adoption of yoga and other elements of Indian culture such as their clothes, food, and furniture.[20] See also
References1. ^{{Cite book| title = Fifty Years Among the New Words: A Dictionary of Neologisms| last = Algeo| first = John| year = 1991| isbn = 0-521-41377-X| publisher = Cambridge University Press| page = 220}} 2. ^{{cite encyclopedia | year = 2002 | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture | publisher = Routledge | location = London | editor1-first = Peter | editor1-last = Childs | editor2-first = Mike | editor2-last = Storry | title = Acronym Groups | pages = 2–3 }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/232576?redirectedFrom=yuppie&|title=yuppie, n.|accessdate=2016-05-20|date=|publisher=Oxford English Dictionary}} 4. ^{{Cite book| title = Movers And Shakers: A Chronology of Words That Shaped Our Age | year = 2006 | publisher = Oxford University Press | last = Ayto | first = John | isbn = 0-19-861452-7 | page = 128}} 5. ^{{Cite news|title= About that urban renaissance.... there'll be a slight delay |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/May-1980/Yuppie/|first=Dan|last=Rottenberg|publisher=Chicago Magazine|date=May 1980|page = 154ff}} 6. ^{{Cite book| title = Global Finance and Urban Living: A Study of Metropolitan Change| first = Leslie| last = Budd|author2=Whimster, Sam | year = 1992| publisher = Routledge| isbn = 0-415-07097-X| page = 316}} 7. ^Hadden-Guest, Anthony (1997). The Last Party: Studio 54, Disco, and the Culture of the Night. New York: William Morrow. p. 116. 8. ^{{cite news|author=Clarence Petersen. |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-03-28/features/8601230082_1_diaper-chronicle-ferdinand |title=The Wacky Side of Chicago-born, Berkeley-bred Alice Kahn – |work=Chicago Tribune |date=March 28, 1986 |accessdate=2013-04-22}} 9. ^{{cite web|last=Jorge |first=Trendy |url=http://yuppie-living.blogspot.com/2006_06_01_archive.html |title=Yuppie Living: June 2006 |publisher=Yuppie-living.blogspot.com |date=June 21, 2006 |accessdate=2013-04-22}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,952325,00.html|title=Living: Here Come the Yuppies!|date=January 9, 1984|work=TIME.com|accessdate=February 4, 2016}} 11. ^1 2 {{Cite journal| issn = 0021-8499| volume = 26| issue = 2| pages = 27–35| last = Burnett| first = John|author2=Alan Bush | title = Profiling the Yuppies| journal = Journal of Advertising Research}} 12. ^{{Cite book| title = Campaign for President: The Managers Look at '84| first = Jonathan| last = Moore| publisher = Praeger/Greenwood| year = 1986| isbn = 0-86569-132-0| page = 123}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,921621,00.html|title=Here Comes the Yumpies|date=March 26, 1984|work=TIME.com|accessdate=February 4, 2016}} 14. ^{{Cite news| title = The Birth and – Maybe – Death of Yuppiedom | first = Walter | last = Shapiro | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,972695-1,00.html | accessdate = 2007-04-28 | work=Time | date=April 8, 1991}} 15. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Protected/Articles/000/000/011/743hxgre.asp |first=David |last=Brooks |title=Our Founding Yuppie |date=October 23, 2000 |access-date=August 21, 2010 |work=The Weekly Standard |authorlink=David Brooks (journalist)}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.details.com/culture-trends/critical-eye/200611/the-return-of-the-yuppie?currentPage=1|work=Details |title=The Return of the Yuppie |first=Jeff |last=Gordinier|access-date=August 15, 2010}} 17. ^{{Cite news|author=Victor Davis Hanson|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/243667/obama-fighting-yuppie-factor-victor-davis-hanson|title=Obama: Fighting the Yuppie Factor|accessdate=August 16, 2010|publisher=National Review|date=August 13, 2010}} 18. ^{{citation |last1=Algeo |first1=John |last2=Algeo |first2=Adele S. |date=July 30, 1993 |title=Fifty Years Among the New Words: A Dictionary of Neologisms 1941–1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-44971-7|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3x-umCIwEYQC&pg=PA228 228]}} 19. ^{{Cite news|work=The Standard |date=September 8, 2010 |url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=102699&sid=29504212&con_type=1|title=Homes, cash top fairy tales on yuppie wish list |first=Natalie|last=Wong}} 20. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/15/world/europe/15iht-moscow.html |title=Russians Embrace Yoga, if They Have the Money |date=September 14, 2010|work=The New York Times |first=Sophia |last=Kishkovsky}} Further reading
External links{{Wiktionary-inline|yuppie}} 10 : Class-related slurs|Social groups|Pejorative terms for people|Social class subcultures|Age-related stereotypes|1980s slang|Stereotypes of urban people|Stereotypes of the upper class|Upper class culture in the United States|Upper middle class |
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