| 词条 | Yurikamome | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| box_width = | name = Yurikamome | color = 191970 | logo = File:Yurikamome line symbol.svg | logo_width = 40px | image = Yurikamome shiodome.JPG | image_width = 300px | caption = A Yurikamome train near Shiodome in June 2007 | type = Automated guideway transit | system = | status = | locale = Tokyo, Japan | start = {{STN|Shimbashi}} | end = {{STN|Toyosu}} | stations = 16 | routes = | daily_ridership = 106,000/day (FY 2009) | open = November 1, 1995 | close = | owner = Toei | operator = Yurikamome, Inc. | character = | depot = Ariake | stock = 7000 series, 7300 series | linelength = {{convert|14.7|km|mi|abbr=on}} | tracklength = | tracks = | gauge = | electrification = 600 V three-phase | speed = {{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} | elevation = | map = | map_state = collapsed }} |}{{nihongo|New Transit Yurikamome|新交通ゆりかもめ|Shinkōtsū Yurikamome}}, formally the {{nihongo|Tokyo Waterfront New Transit Waterfront Line|東京臨海新交通臨海線|Tōkyō Rinkai Shinkōtsū Rinkai-sen}}, is an automated guideway transit service operated by Yurikamome, Inc., connecting Shimbashi to Toyosu, via the artificial island of Odaiba in Tokyo, Japan, a market in which it competes with the Rinkai Line. The line is named after the black-headed gull (yurikamome in Japanese), a common denizen of Tokyo Bay and the official prefectural bird. TechnologyThe Yurikamome is Tokyo's first fully automated transit system, controlled entirely by computers with no drivers on board. However, the line is not the first in Japan, as Kobe's Port Liner opened in 1981, 14 years before the Yurikamome. The Yurikamome is sometimes mistakenly called a monorail, but the trains run with rubber-tired wheels on elevated concrete track guided by the side walls. StationsSince 2006, all the stations use the recorded voices of different voice actors for their Japanese-language announcements.[1]
Yurikamome trains are taken in and out of service at Ariake, and are stored in a yard near Tokyo Big Sight when not in service. RidershipRidership on the line peaked at over 200,000 daily boardings in 2000,[2] but declined substantially by 2004 as the Rinkai Line, which opened a year after the Yurikamome Line, expanded into more of the waterfront area and offered lower fares. Between 2004 and 2006, four new stations were added, which raised ridership slightly.[3]
Rolling stockThe line uses Mitsubishi Heavy Industries "Crystal Mover" technology.[4] {{As of|2016|04|01}}, the following train types are used on the line, all formed as six-car sets.[5]
Between 2014 and 2016, a fleet of 18 new six-car 7300 series trains are being introduced on the line.[6] The first train was test run during the summer of 2013,[6] entering revenue service from 18 January 2014.[7] The new trains have longitudinal seating throughout, to increase overall capacity and speed-up boarding and alighting.[6] Between June 2018 and June 2020, eight more six-car trainsets will be built for the line by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to replace the fleet of 7200 series trains.[8] 7000 series{{As of|2016|04|01}}, four out of the original 18 7000 series sets (05, 16, 17, and 18) were still in service, formed as six-car sets as follows.[5]
("xx" stands for the unit number.) 7200 series{{As of|2016|04|01}}, eight 7200 series sets (21 to 28) were in service, formed as six-car sets as follows.[5]
("xx" stands for the unit number.) 7300 series{{As of|2016|04|01}}, 16 7300 series sets (31 to 46) were in service, formed as six-car sets as follows.[5]
("xx" stands for the unit number.) 7500 series{{As of|2018|11|11}}, one 7500 series set (51) were in service, formed as six-car sets as follows.[5]
("xx" stands for the unit number.) HistoryBefore its 1995 opening, it was widely feared that the Yurikamome would end up as a multibillion-yen white elephant. The artificial island of Odaiba, which it serves, had been designed and constructed at prodigious expense before Japan's economic crash and, much like London's equally beleaguered Canary Wharf, there simply did not seem to be enough demand to support it. In the first few months of operation, ridership hovered around 27,000 passengers per day, only a little less than the predicted 29,000, but still far less than the 80,000 passengers needed to be profitable. However, in 1996, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government re-zoned Odaiba from pure business and residential to also permit entertainment zones. Tokyo may be next to the sea on the map, but before Odaiba, effectively the entire coastline had been taken over by an endless concrete strip of ports and warehouses. Promoted as the "Rainbow Town", the island provided Tokyo with a strip of livable seaside, and within one year, ridership doubled to 60,000. As more and more restaurants, shopping malls, exhibition centers and museums opened, traffic continued to grow. It is not just the island that became popular, as the Yurikamome had become an attraction in itself. To raise itself from ground level to the Rainbow Bridge, the Yurikamome makes a 270-degree loop, providing panoramic views of both mainland Tokyo and Odaiba.
An accident on the Yurikamome occurred on the afternoon of April 14, 2006. According to a government commission, one of the axles on the six-car train was cracked due to metal fatigue, causing a rubber tire on the train to fall off.[9] The train came to a halt near Fune-no-kagakukan station, and services were suspended on the entire line. This came at the start of a busy weekend when events were taking place at Tokyo Big Sight on Odaiba, but, according to news reports, alternate means of transportation were offered and there was no major confusion. The Yurikamome resumed limited train service on April 17 while further inspections and tests continued, with full service restored on April 19. Future plansAt over 160,000 passengers per day, the Yurikamome is making a net profit and will pay off its loans in full faster than the 20 years originally anticipated. Operating frequency, hours of operation and number of trainsets have been continually revised upwards to accommodate the ever-increasing number of passengers. A further extension from Toyosu to {{STN|Kachidoki}} is currently under consideration.[10] The extension has become more likely as part of infrastructure improvements for the 2020 Summer Olympics, which will largely be held within the Yurikamome corridor around Toyosu, Ariake and Odaiba.[11] See also
References1. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224003456/http://www.yurikamome.co.jp/outline/voice.php |date=February 24, 2007 }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fmn-inc.co.jp/project/pdf/FPLL_yurikamome.pdf |title=サイト移転のお知らせ |publisher=Fmn-inc.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nk-works.sakura.ne.jp/ayano/data/metro/yurikamome-h14.htm |title=輸送データ 【ゆりかもめ】 |publisher=Nk-works.sakura.ne.jp |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}} 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.mhi-global.com/products/category/automated_people_mover.html|title= Automated People Mover|year= 2015|publisher= Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.|location= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 29 September 2015}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |script-title=ja: 私鉄車両編成表 2016 |trans-title=Private Railway Rolling Stock Formations - 2016 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha |date = 25 July 2016 |location = Japan |language = Japanese |page = 79|isbn = 978-4-330-70116-5}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://rail.hobidas.com/news/info/article/135838.html|script-title=ja:ゆりかもめ 新型車輌7300系を導入|trans-title=Yurikamome: New 7300 series trains to be introduced|date= 15 March 2013|work= Tetsudo Hobidas |publisher= Neko Publishing|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 15 March 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2014/01/19/195000.html|script-title=ja:ゆりかもめ7300系が営業運転を開始|trans-title=Yurikamome 7300 series enters revenue service|date= 19 January 2014|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 19 January 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.mhi.co.jp/news/story/1609235790.html |script-title=ja: 新交通ゆりかもめ向け 全自動無人運転車両（AGT）48両を受注 2020年に向けて納入|trans-title=Order received for 48 AGT vehicles for Yurikamome to be delivered by 2020|date= 23 September 2016|work= Press Information|publisher= Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |dead-url=no |accessdate= 23 September 2016 }} 9. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911053253/http://asia.news.yahoo.com/060417/kyodo/d8h1qs7g9.html |date=September 11, 2007 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kouwan.metro.tokyo.jp/data/rinkai-plan/5-1.html |title=東京都港湾局 臨海副都心まちづくり推進計画 都市基盤の整備 |publisher=Kouwan.metro.tokyo.jp |date= |accessdate=2011-08-08}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=五輪で東京に1000万人 過密都市ゆえの課題多く|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNZO59486280Q3A910C1EA2000/|accessdate=10 September 2013|newspaper=日本経済新聞|date=10 September 2013}} External links{{commons category}}
2 : People mover systems in Japan|Railway lines opened in 1995 |
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