“Draft:Anthony J. Hall-Martin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Anthony J. Hall-Martin (12 June 1945 – 21 May 2014) was a South African wildlife conservationist and author. He was the recipient of a number of awards in recognition of his work.

Hall-Martin published over 150 illustrated articles in popular magazines and press reports. A philatelist, naturalist and an enthusiastic wildlife photographer, many of his photographs being used in his books and various magazine articles. His images of the legendary "Magnificent Seven Tuskers" can be seen at the Letaba Elephant Hall in the Kruger National Park.

Family and education

Hall-Martin was born in Pretoria, South Africa. He obtained a BSc Degree (Botany & Zoology) at the University of Natal in 1967, a BSc Hons. (Wildlife Management), at the University of Pretoria in 1968, an MSc cum laude (Plant Ecology) at the University of Pretoria in 1972 and earned a Doctorate of Science (Zoology) at University of Pretoria in 1975. In 1994 Hall-Martin completed the Programme for Management Development, Graduate School of Business, at University of Cape Town.

He married Catherina Hofmeyr in 1976 and they have two daughters, Vega and Catherina. He started his career with South African National Parks in Mountain Zebra National Park in 1976, moving to the Kruger National Park in 1979.

South African National Parks

Hall-Martin began his career with SANParks in 1976 as research scientist based at Mountain Zebra and Addo Elephant National Parks in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. During his time in Addo, Hall-Martin initiated the study of what has become one of the most comprehensive recorded elephant population studies in the world. His research included, but was not limited to building up a complete photographic identification file for the population (a total of 96 elephants in May 1978), documentation of the sex, estimated age, and developmental status of all individuals, with records of births and deaths within each family group. Hall-Martin also kept extensive notes on observed association patterns and social behaviour.^[1] In 1979 he was promoted to Senior Research Officer in the Kruger National Park working on elephant ecology and management and the ecology of black rhinoceros, being promoted to Chief Research Officer in 1981.

Hall-Martin spent 24 years at South African National Parks (SANParks), during which he served as Director for Southern Parks for 14 years.

As one of the Senior Directors of SANParks during the critical period of political change in South Africa having served as Director under the previous regime (1991–1994) and the current government (1994–2000). The themes of transition and change dominated this period, as well as a re-ordering of priorities and policies. One of the many significant changes at this time was the involvement of neighbouring communities to enhance the conservation value and prospects of national parks. A particular contribution during this period was Hall-Martin's pioneering work championing the development of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park together with Sedia Modise (Director of National Parks and Wildlife of Botswana). Hall-Martin was the Joint Chair of the Steering Committee that developed and drafted the management plan and the bilateral agreement between Botswana and South Africa. At the time of its creation, transfrontier conservation in Africa was unprecedented. This process culminated in the formal proclamation of the Kgalagadi on 12 May 2000, one of the world's largest protected areas.^[2]

Other organisations

Hall-Martin was a founder of the IUCN African Rhino Specialist Group and co-founder of the Rhino and Elephant Foundation. He was an advisor to many conservation organizations, including CITES, IUCN, WWF, WildAid, Endangered Wildlife Trust and Peace Parks Foundation.

By the time Hall-Martin obtained his D.Sc on biology and productivity of the giraffe at the University of Pretoria (1975), he had worked as a wildlife biologist at Timbavati Private Game Reserve and the Department of Forestry and Game of Malawi. At the same time he held temporary appointments as the Visiting Scientist at the Wellcome Institute of Comparative Physiology, Regents Park, London. Concurrently he worked at the Mammal Research Institute and was mammalogist of the 15th South African National Antarctic Expedition.^[3] His work in Antarctica contributed research to the study of Ross seals in the King Haakon Sea.^[4] He was a member of the South African delegation to General Assemblies of the IUCN in Costa Rica (1988) and Australia (1990).^[5] He served on the CITES Panel of Experts set up in 1991 to investigate the status and management of South Africa's elephant population and ivory stocks and was a delegate to CITES. He worked on various development projects and missions funded by the South African government in Malawi, Cote d'Ivoire, Togo, Zaire and Equatorial Guinea.

Sustainable wildlife conservation

Hall-Martin's experience imbued him with the ideal of making national parks and protected areas in Africa achieve their full potential as priceless national assets, as transfrontier examples of co-operation in some cases and as engines of the African tourism industry. Hall-Martin believed that it is only sustainable biodiversity conservation that will be able to provide Africa with options for the future based on its wildlife heritage. Wildlife tourism can sustain employment and provide for the development of a conservation-led economy particularly in remote areas of the continent where there are few other options. He believed that only then will Africa's wildlife heritage be safe, and be able to contribute meaningfully to the alleviation of poverty.^[6]

Awards

Publications

Hall-Martin published widely in international scientific journals with 80 refereed papers having appeared in, among others, Nature, Journal of Wildlife Management, African Journal of Ecology, Journal of Mammalogy, African Zoology, Journal of Zoology (London) and the Journal of Reproduction and Fertility as well as in several South African journals. Topics included growth, nutrition, productivity, reproduction, feeding behaviour, general ecology and management of giraffe, African elephant, black rhinoceros and black-backed jackal. He also published papers on aspects of the ecology and behaviour of Antarctic seals and Yellow-billed oxpeckers; age determination of white rhinoceros and giraffe; weight estimation of large mammals, ostrich and dinosaurs. Many botanical and plant ecological studies have also been published including studies of animal/habitat interactions.

He has published about 150 illustrated articles in popular magazines, numerous press reports, and is the author or co-author of 10 books. He was the lead editor of "South African National Parks: A Celebration", a book published to commemorate the Fifth World Parks Congress in 2003. He has also published several field guides to animals and national parks of South Africa. His other works include:

References

1. ^{{Cite web| url = https://www.sanparks.org/parks/addo/conservation/research.php| title = South African National Parks – SANParks – Official Website – Accommodation, Activities, Prices, Reservations| website = www.sanparks.org| language = en-ZA| access-date = 2017-10-26}}
2. ^{{Cite web| url = https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sunday-times/20140525/282011850401049| title = PressReader.com – Connecting People Through News| website = www.pressreader.com| access-date = 2017-10-26}}
3. ^{{Cite news| url = https://africageographic.com/blog/legacy-of-a-conservation-giant/| title = Legacy of a Conservation Giant – Africa Geographic| date = 2014-05-24| work = Africa Geographic| access-date = 2017-10-29| language = en-US}}
4. ^{{Cite journal| last = Hall-Martin| first = Anthony Julian| date = 1974| title = Observation on population density and species composition of seals in the King Haakon VII Sea, Antarctica.| url = | journal = South African Journal of Antarctic Research| volume = 4| pages = 34-39| via =}}
5. ^{{Cite web| url = https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/GA-18th-014.pdf| title = 18th General Assembly| last = | first = | date = | website = IUCN| archive-url = https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/GA-18th-014.pdf| archive-date = December 1990| dead-url = | access-date =}}
6. ^{{Cite news| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/22/world/south-africans-reject-effort-to-ban-world-ivory-trade.html| title = South Africans Reject Effort To Ban World Ivory Trade| last = Perlez| first = Jane| date = 1989-06-22| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2017-10-29| last2 = Times| first2 = Special to The New York| language = en-US| issn = 0362-4331}}