| 词条 | Draft:Carrozzeria Garavini Torino |
| 释义 |
{{Infobox company | name = Garavini Torino | logo = Logo_Carrozzeria_Garavini.jpg | logo_size = 160px | industry = Automotive | foundation = Turin, Italy (1908) | founder = Eusebio Garavini | location = | location_city = | locations = | area_served = Worldwide | products = | services = Automotive design | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | footnotes = | location_country = | slogan = | homepage = | intl = }} Carrozzeria Garavini Torino is an Italian automobile coachbuilder founded in 1908 in Torino, specialized in concept car, one-off and body projects on commission. HistoryEarly workIn 1908 Eusebio Garavini bought off ‘Carrozzeria Piemonte’ that produced carriages and bodies for all kind of motor vehicles. The firm gained such success that in 1911 Mr. Garavini founded the ‘G. Diatto - E. Garavini & C.’[1] Mr. Garavini takes control of the company and the design direction for all granturismo, luxury cars, utilitarian cars and industrial vehicles as well. Thanks to the highly specialized manwork and high quality of the materials used the production of luxury cars with an elegant design and exquisite details is appreciated by wealthy people of the time. In 1914 the Diatto brothers sell their part of the company to Garavini who now owns the whole firm. One year later, in 1915, the company counts 500 workers. One year later, at the break of WWI production moved from luxury cars for the rich elite to the brute manufacturing of military vehicles that, thanks to the high quality material used by the factory, proved themself strong and reliable in the harsh conditions of the theatre of war. At the end of the conflict, in 1918, Garavini goes back to manufacturing luxury cars that are now displayed in car shows all over the world including Geneva, Paris and London. The boom in notoriety assured Garavini collaborations with some of the most well renowned car manufacturers worldwide such as Alfa Romeo, Bugatti, Rolls Roice and Isotta Fraschini. Because of this the lientele of the Italian coachbuilder goes from kings and queens, such King Menelik and Queen Thaitù to heads of state such as the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. In the 1920s Garavini starts a proficuous export business to South America, Argentina in particular, with the Isotta Fraschini 8A Garavini. At this point Mr. Garavini decides to expand production from luxury cars also to specialized vehicles, ambulances and busses, characterized by the ‘belvedere’ feature that allows the bus to become a ‘cabriolet’.[2] The cabriolet feature is typical of the Carrozzeria Garavini especially for the four doors saloons. Between the two world wars Garavini owns showrooms in Turin, Venice, Milan, Rome, Florence and Naples.[3] In 1945 the company counts up to 800 employees. Post WWII activitiesIn 1942 Garavini patents the trolley bus with three axes on wich there were mounted directly the motors, suspensions and direction organs. During the second world war Allies bombing destroy part of the facility leaving Garavini to make a hard felt choice between pursuing the production of his beloved luxury cars, that due to the conflict induced poverty would leave him with few clients, or concentrating production toward buses and specialized vehicles. He ends up opting for the second option. Due to increasing production of buses in 1950 the factory expands, taking now a big portion of ‘Borgo Vanchiglia’, today a central district of Torino renowned for the night life of the city. At the end of the conflict Garavini introduces in Italy innovations in production. He is the first one in Italy to discontinue the use of wood in favour of metal for the construction of the chassiss (as he already started doing in smaller number since 1926). Garavini's engineers start working on the idea of producing a monocoque in order to obtain weight loss, a higher load capacity and speed for a given engine power. They make vast use of lightweight metals such as duralumin.[1] Due to the standardization of products, and production, that took place starting in the early 1950s interest toward custom products fades. The Garavini didn’t want to lose the roots of the company and become ‘just another car factory’. This brings to the foreclosure of the factory in the late 1950s. Principal Garavini models{{Div col}}
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