| 词条 | Zamora, Spain | |
| 释义 |
| name = Zamora | settlement_type = Municipality | official_name = | native_name = | image_skyline = Catedral zamora.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption = Duero river over the city of Zamora. | image_flag = Bandera de Zamora.svg | image_shield = Escudo de Zamora.svg | flag_size = 150 | shield_size = 75 | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Spain | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} | subdivision_type1 = Autonomous community | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Castile and León}} | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Zamora | subdivision_type3 = Comarca | subdivision_name3 = Tierra del Pan | subdivision_type4 = Judicial district | subdivision_name4 = Zamora | seat_type = | seat = | coordinates = {{coord|41|29|56|N|5|45|20|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | elevation_m = 652 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 149.28 | established_title = | established_date = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 63217| population_as_of = 2016| population_demonym = Zamoranos| population_note =| population_density_km2 = auto| timezone = CET| utc_offset = +1| timezone_DST = CEST| utc_offset_DST = +2| postal_code_type = Postal code| postal_code = 49001-49028| area_code_type = Dialing code| area_code = 980| leader_title = Mayor| leader_name = Francisco Guarido| leader_party = IU| blank_name_sec1 = Climate| blank_info_sec1 = BSk| website = {{official website|1=http://www.ayto-zamora.org}}| footnotes =}}Zamora ({{IPA-es|θaˈmoɾa}}) is a city in Castile and León, Spain, the capital of the province of Zamora. It lies on a rocky hill in the northwest, near the frontier with Portugal and crossed by the Duero river, which is some {{convert|50|km}} downstream as it reaches the Portuguese border. With its 24 characteristic Romanesque style churches of the 12th and 13th centuries it has been called a "museum of Romanesque art". Zamora is the city with the most Romanesque churches in all of Europe. The most important celebration in Zamora is the Holy Week.==History==After the Roman victory over the Lusitanian hero Viriathus the settlement was named by the Romans, Occelum Durii or Ocellodurum (literally, "Eye of the Duero"). During Roman rule it was in the hands of the Vaccaei, and was incorporated into the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis. It was on the road from Emerita (modern Mérida) to Asturica Augusta (modern Astorga). (Ant. Itin. pp. 434, 439).Two coins from the reign of the Visigothic king Sisebuto, show that it was known at the time as "Semure".During the period of Moorish rule the settlement became known by the names of "Semurah" or "Azemur". After the establishment of the Christian Kingdom of Asturias, the settlement became a strategic frontier post and was the scene of many fierce military engagements between the Muslims and Christians. Control of the town shifted between the two sides a number of times from the early 8th century to the late 10th century. During this period it became heavily fortified.The most notable historic episode in Zamora was the assassination outside the city walls of the king Sancho II of Castile in 1072. Some decades before, king Ferdinand I of León had divided his kingdoms between his three sons. To his daughter, Doña Urraca, he had bequeathed the "well fortified city of Zamora" (or "la bien cercada" in Spanish). All three sons warred among themselves, till the ultimate winner, Sancho, was left victorious. Zamora, under his sister who was allied with Leonese nobles, resisted. Sancho II of Castile, assisted by El Cid, lay siege to Zamora. King Sancho II was murdered by a duplicitous noble of Zamora, Bellido Dolfos, who tricked the king into a private meeting. After the death of Sancho, Castile reverted to his deposed brother Alfonso VI of León. The event was commemorated by the Portillo de la Traición (Treason Gate). Zamora was also the scene of fierce fighting in the 15th century, during the conflict between the supporters of Isabella the Catholic and Juana la Beltraneja. The Spanish proverb, No se ganó Zamora en una hora, literally, Zamora wasn't won in an hour, is a reference to these battles. It is the Spanish equivalent of the English proverb "Rome wasn't built in a day."During the 12th century, the city was extraordinarily important for its strategic position in the wars between the Kingdom of León and the Almoravids and Almohads. As a result, the city preserves many churches and buildings from that time. In the 1140s and 1150s it was ruled by Prince Ponce Giraldo de Cabrera, who has a street named after him in the city today. In the next centuries, the city lost its political and economic relevance and suffered emigration, especially to South America (where many other cities called Zamora were founded). Henry IV granted Zamora the epithet of "most noble and most loyal city".During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Zamora was from the start of the military rebellion a nationalist held city. The savagery of the repression against leftists and liberals is captured in Ramón Sender Barayón's 'A Death in Zamora', which tells of the extrajudicial murder of his mother, Amparo Barayon, the wife of the famous novelist Ramon Sender.==Main sights==Main sights of Zamora include*Cathedral, in Romanesque style, dating to the 12th century, taking only 23 years to build.* Medieval Castle of Zamora.*Palacio de los Condes de Alba y Aliste, built in 1459 by the first Count of Alva y Aliste. It boasts a patio and staircase decorated with carvings by artists from Lombardy.* Calle Balborraz.*Church of San Pedro y San Ildefonso, built from the 11th century, probably over a Visigothic temple. It was reformed in Romanesque style in the 12th–13th centuries, but was much renovated in the 15th and 18th centuries. It has presently a single nave with cross vaults*Church of Santa María Magdalena. The southern façade is in Romanesque style, dating back to the 13th century.* Church of San Isidoro (12th century). It has one nave, having a square major chapel. The exterior features two ogival arcades with archivolts.* Church of San Claudio de Olivares, known from the 12th century. Of small size, it has a single nave with a presbytery and a semicircular apse. The columns of the nave have carvings.* Church of San Juan de Puerta Nueva (12th century stained glass circular window, symbol of Zamora).* Church of Santa María la Nueva (12th century, baptistery dating back to the 13th century).* Church of Santiago de los Caballeros (11th century), located outside the city walls. El Cid was created knight here.* Church of Santiago El Burgo (Southern façade, 12th century Romanesque)* City walls: three walled enclosures dating back to the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.* Museo de Semana Santa de Zamora: Opposite the Church of Santa María la Nueva, dedicated to Semana Santa de Zamora the processions during which are celebrated with particular ceremony in Zamora. The museum holds a large collection of pasos, the figures which are carried in procession through the streets by various 'cofradías' or brotherhoods. See Holy Week in Zamora {{Weather box|location = Zamora (1981-2010)|metric first = Yes|single line = Yes|Jan record high C = 17.0|Feb record high C = 23.5|Mar record high C = 26.3|Apr record high C = 30.6|May record high C = 35.0|Jun record high C = 39.3|Jul record high C = 41.0|Aug record high C = 39.2|Sep record high C = 38.0|Oct record high C = 31.0|Nov record high C = 22.6|Dec record high C = 20.0|year record high C = 41.0|Jan high C = 8.3|Feb high C = 11.4|Mar high C = 15.5|Apr high C = 17.1|May high C = 21.2|Jun high C = 27.0|Jul high C = 30.4|Aug high C = 29.8|Sep high C = 25.5|Oct high C = 19.0|Nov high C = 12.7|Dec high C = 9.2|year high C = 18.9|Jan mean C= 4.6|Feb mean C= 6.4|Mar mean C= 9.5|Apr mean C= 11.2|May mean C= 15.0|Jun mean C= 19.8|Jul mean C= 22.7|Aug mean C= 22.3|Sep mean C= 18.8|Oct mean C= 13.6|Nov mean C= 8.4|Dec mean C= 5.5|year mean C= 13.1|Jan low C = 0.9|Feb low C = 1.3|Mar low C = 3.5|Apr low C = 5.3|May low C = 8.7|Jun low C = 12.6|Jul low C = 14.9|Aug low C = 14.8|Sep low C = 12.0|Oct low C = 8.3|Nov low C = 4.1|Dec low C = 1.8|year low C = 7.4|Jan record low C = -13.4|Feb record low C = -9.8|Mar record low C = -8.4|Apr record low C = -4.0|May record low C = -2.1|Jun record low C = 2.4|Jul record low C = 5.1|Aug record low C = 5.3|Sep record low C = 1.2|Oct record low C = -4.2|Nov record low C = -8.4|Dec record low C = -10.6|year record low C= -13.4|Jan precipitation mm = 32|Feb precipitation mm = 25|Mar precipitation mm = 22|Apr precipitation mm = 39|May precipitation mm = 43|Jun precipitation mm = 23|Jul precipitation mm = 12|Aug precipitation mm = 13|Sep precipitation mm = 28|Oct precipitation mm = 50|Nov precipitation mm = 45|Dec precipitation mm = 46|year precipitation mm = 379|Jan precipitation days= 6|Feb precipitation days= 5|Mar precipitation days= 5|Apr precipitation days= 7|May precipitation days= 7|Jun precipitation days= 4|Jul precipitation days= 2|Aug precipitation days= 2|Sep precipitation days= 4|Oct precipitation days= 7|Nov precipitation days= 7|Dec precipitation days= 7|year precipitation days= 64|unit precipitation days= 1 mm|Jan snow days= 1|Feb snow days= 1|Mar snow days= 0|Apr snow days= 0|May snow days= 0|Jun snow days= 0|Jul snow days= 0|Aug snow days= 0|Sep snow days= 0|Oct snow days= 0|Nov snow days= 0|Dec snow days= 1|year snow days= 3|Jan sun= 97|Feb sun= 144|Mar sun= 201|Apr sun= 224|May sun= 264|Jun sun= 318|Jul sun= 354|Aug sun= 322|Sep sun= 241|Oct sun= 175|Nov sun= 113|Dec sun= 87|year sun= 2532|Jan humidity = 82|Feb humidity = 73|Mar humidity = 63|Apr humidity = 62|May humidity = 58|Jun humidity = 51|Jul humidity = 47|Aug humidity = 50|Sep humidity = 57|Oct humidity = 69|Nov humidity = 78|Dec humidity = 82|year humidity = 64|source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet)Historical records of the Zamora weather station (1971–2000) (in Spanish). 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/Fallece/periodista/Carlos/Llamas/elpepusoc/20071004elpepusoc_2/Tes |title=Fallece el periodista Carlos Llamas |accessdate=28 December 2008 |work=ELPAÍS.com |date=10 October 2007}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.laopiniondezamora.es/secciones/noticia.jsp?pRef=2009012100_12_329048__Opinion-fecha-clave |title=Una fecha clave – Opinión |publisher=La Opinión de Zamora |date=21 January 2009 |accessdate=11 March 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|author=La Nueva España |url=http://www.lne.es/secciones/noticia.jsp?pRef=2009032800_31_740089__Oviedo-Oviedo-Zamora-comprometen-llenar-contenido-hermanamiento |title=La Nueva España – Diario Independiente de Asturias – Oviedo – Oviedo y Zamora se comprometen a "llenar de contenido" su hermanamiento |publisher=Lne.es |accessdate=11 March 2011}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.larazon.es/noticia/ciudades-y-pueblos-se-benefician-del-hermanamiento-con-otros-territorios |title=Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios |publisher=Larazon.es |accessdate=11 March 2011}} External links{{Commons category|Zamora}}
4 : Municipalities of the Province of Zamora|Roman sites in Spain|Populated places in the Province of Zamora|Zamora, Spain |
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