“Draft:Deaf in Hitler Youth”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Hitler Youth was an organization group for children, most popular from 1933 to 1945, which educated German boys age 13-18 on the ideals of the Nazi party and taught them basic skills. It is comparable to present day Boy Scouts of America. By 1935, about 60% of all German boys took part in the Hitler Youth.^[1] Deaf children were also able to participate, despite the discrimination towards deaf individuals during this time. In fact, about 95% of deaf children were enrolled in the Hitler Youth for the Deaf.^[2] However, children in the Hitler Youth for the Deaf were labeled with the letter “G” on their shirts signifying gehörlos, or deaf.^[3]

Integration of deaf into Hitler Youth

The Reich Union of the Deaf of Germany, also known as [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReGeDe ReGeDe] was an organization whose goal to unite several different deaf youth organizations into one union. After it was absorbed into the National Socialists' public welfare program, core values of the union were similar to the Hitler Youth. So the the president of the Berlin Deaf Athletic Association, Werner Thomas, made a passionate plea for the youth in the ReGeDe union to join them as the he believed that membership of the Hitler Youth would make them the best national socialists.^[4]

When the Nazis established the Reich Union of the Deaf, ReGeDe, they also wanted discredit efforts to treat the deaf with respect. Some deaf people actually approve the nazi regime and joined the Nazi Storm Troopers Sturmabteilung and Hitler youth.^[5] Some parents disapproved of the militarism in Hitler youth but many children ignored their thoughts as many didn’t know the horrors of war and so they saw it as a way to rebel against them. ^[6] Orginally, joining the Hitler Youth was voluntarily at first but then it was mandatory by law in 1936. The name of the law in 1936 was called the First Hitler Youth Law in December 1st, 1936. Despite it being compulsory, it was not absolutely required according to the Hitler Youth law in 1936 This was possibly because the reich wanted to inspire the youth that being under service in the Hitler Youth was a matter of honor and to join the organization of their own free will rather than being forced into. ^[7]

While being in the Deaf Hitler Youth

Deaf students were integrated into the National Socialist Hitler Youth. Two hundred students from Berlin, Munich, Leipzig, Frankfurt am Main, and other German cities participated in the first summer camp of the Deaf Hitler Youth in Rottenbach (Thüringia). Just like hearing kids they stood in formation and were marched in for the flag raising in the morning and flag lowering in the evening. They would sing the “Horst Wessel Song” the hymn of the National Socialist movement. Every year, the deaf schools in Germany organized a two-week camp for more than 500 deaf boys and girls. Teachers of deaf children always led the camps. The outstanding students from previous years would become troop leaders. Sometimes high ranking Nazi members would visit these camps and the teachers would only show off the ones who could speak well enough and the rest were told to be quiet.^[8]

References

1. ^Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Hitler Youth.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 3 Sept. 2015, www.britannica.com/topic/Hitler-Youth
2. ^Gilbert, Laura-Gean. “PDF.” Gallaudet Today, Fall 1998, https://www.rit.edu/~w-deafw2/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/DeafPeopleinHitlersEurope.pdf
3. ^Cavendish, Hastings. Hitler's Last Secret Weapon. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016
4. ^{{cite book |title=Crying hands : eugenics and deaf people in Nazi Germany |publisher=Gallaudet University Press |isbn=978-1563682551|date=March 2004 }}
5. ^ Stein, Leon. "Deaf People in Hitler's Europe, and: Surviving in Silence: A Deaf Boy in the Holocaust: The Harry I. Dunai Story (review)." Holocaust and Genocide Studies, vol. 18 no. 1, 2004, pp. 123-127. Project MUSE,
6. ^"Hitler Youth: Growing Up in Hitler's Shadow - Summary" eNotes Publishing Ed. Scott Locklear. eNotes.com, Inc. eNotes.com 24 Oct, 2018
7. ^Berg, Hartmut. “The HJ.” Der Erste Zug, www.dererstezug.com/hj.htm.
8. ^{{cite book |title=Deaf People in Hitler's Europe |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |isbn=9781563681264|year=2002 }}

Overview

Integration of deaf into Hitler Youth

While being in the Deaf Hitler Youth

References