| 词条 | Draft:Economic impact of immigrants in the United States |
| 释义 | American's Perception's on Immigrant Wages and Occupation Immigration continues to be an important topic of interest among the American electorate, a 2018 Reuter's poll confirmed this with immigration being listed as the top issue of the year.[1] According to Pew Research Center, there were 11.3 million illegal immigrants living in the United States in 2016, statistically unchanged from the previous year.[2] The result of large scale immigration in turn increases the supply of labor in the economy.[3] A Bush Administration study noted the perception that immigrants take away jobs is based on the assumption there are only a fixed number of jobs in the economy. The study highlights Americans ability to see the jobs immigrants take, and also their inability to see the ones they also create[4] The increased labor necessitates for the production of increased goods and services which will result in increased GDP output.[5] Immigrant Effect: Highlighting High and Low-Skilled WorkersThe process of immigration shows a positive net gain to domestic workers and tax payers. Immigrants pay more than $90 billion in taxes and only receive $5 billion in welfare assistance[4] Studies done by the National Academy of Science concludes that cities with different proportions of immigrants found little effect on immigration itself increasing job competition.[6] The majority of immigrants are low-skilled, when this occurs they take the jobs Americans don't want as well as create more jobs by stimulating the economy.[7] When looking at workers as a whole, immigration has little to no effect on american wage production. In jobs of middle to high skill areas (college degree or greater) it is actually shown wages can improve because of the large immigration influx in areas like "innovating sufficiently to raise productivity of all workers." [3] Immigration flows will lead to higher incomes for productive factors that are complimentary with immigrants, but lower incomes for factors that compete with immigrants. To further understand this concept its important to look at the two types of domestic workers: those who are substitutes for immigrants (unskilled labor) and those who are complements (skilled labor.) Therefore, an increase in the number of immigrants will raise the wages of domestic skilled labor.[5] Unskilled immigrants are paid the same wage as domestic unskilled workers. When skilled labor immigrants enter the work force the national output will rise.[3] Immigration creates a positive economic affect but the results are not spread evenly. Immigration harms substitutes (unskilled workers) but benefits workers who are skilled complements to immigrants.[5] Immigration makes national output go up. Migrant and Native GainsThe native advantages from this results in allowing the country to use domestic labor more productively, allowing immigrants to produce goods that natives can specialize in.[4] Studies from the Brookings Institute show this has little affect on job outlook because immigrants tend to take the jobs Americans don't want.[7] A positive link is found between immigration and economic growth, 15% of immigrants in the work force represent about a quarter of all entrepreneurs and investors.[7] With positive linkage established, the enlistment of more immigrants produces an upward trend for not only wages, but also an increase in jobs and economic opportunity. . |
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