| 词条 | Draft:Feminism and Marxist criticism of Persian stories |
| 释义 |
Heading textAli_Ashraf_Darvishian == {{AFC submission|d|essay|u=Saba.shadabi|ns=118|decliner=StraussInTheHouse|declinets=20190308122037|ts=20190308121215}}“by critically reading literature people can find out many things about the culture. in here two Persian stories are criticised by Marxist and Feminist approach and the reader will become more familiar by Iranian culture.Feminism and Marxist criticism of Persian storiesLiterary work: doesn’t have (Nadarad) Author: Ali Ashraf DarvishianAli_Ashraf_Darvishian Approach: Marxist Criticism Doesn’t have”(1), the shocking title of Darvishian’s short story and the surprising family name for the main character of the story, is a foreshadowing of absolute poverty of all the characters in the story and mostly Nadarad (meaning Doesn’t have) family. That poverty was the result of social conflict and class struggle in Iran in the 50th decade. Some school of thought such as Islam ideology and the Marxist idea took responsibility for making people aware of how they have unconsciously accepted the subservient, powerless roles in their society that have been prescribed for them by others and that awareness resulted in revolution in that decade. In this story two parts of Capitalism structure, bourgeoisie and proletariat can be identified easily. Nadarad family are the representative of the proletariat class, the workers who are controlled by bourgeoisie while their labor produces their wealth; on the other hand, Mash Ghorban represents bourgeoisie class, who own property and thereby control the means of production even the labor’s teeth. Niaz Ali, child of family, chooses to study in school in order to promote his class in society, and he has no plan of protesting against the cruel social structure because like many other families in those days in Iran Nadarad family had developed false consciousness of their situation and accepted their subordinate situation without protest against or questioning. When Ali Ashraf Darvishian (25 August 1941 – 26 October 2017), an Iranian scholar and author born in a poor family in Kermanshah, graduated from the teacher –training college, he traveled to poor villages of Gilan-e-Gharb and Shah Abad to teach children in remote places. His own life situation, as well as the experiences that he had from his teaching in those poor areas, was the inspiration for his literary works and also made him a critic of the political and social situation of Iran. http://akharinkhabar.ir/cinema/3959407 2. Literary work: “Madam Ahou's Husband”Author: Ali Mohammad Afghani Approach: Feminist Criticism “Madam Ahou's Husband”, a novel written by Ali Mohammad Afghani is about the life of a religious man called Seyed Miran who is a successful, trustworthy man because of his first wife Ahou Khanoom, but as the story unfolds, he falls in love and marries a woman called Homa, who leads him to his fall in morality, economic and social status.(2) This story happens in 1313 in Iran an Islamic phallocentric country, where not only polygamy was normal but also it was admired by the existing conceptions of Shia Islam. In those years, according to the Iranian culture, it was not proper that women study in college or universities or have a job, so they must be depended on their husband’s income like Ahou Khanoom or they must choose to sell their body like Homa in order to have a materially prosperous life. In this novel, the author introduces women as objects of the material world by portraying them in two images that in man-dominated society is considered as value; one is the motherhood image which Ahou Khanoom represents; the other is the image of an object for men’s sexual satisfaction, which Homa represents. Although the novel is about lust, men’s tendency to keep women in a subordinate position with limited power adds some trace of misogyny and phallogocentrism in the novel; for example the part that Hosein Khan Zarbi says that: “this woman has no function other than dancing and whoever marries her will become truly miserable” or the scenes that Seyed Miran beats Ahou Khanoom in order to make her understand her true position at home. Ali Mohammad Afghani was born in 1925 in a poor family in Kermanshah after finishing his college he became a member of a clandestine political organization and was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment, but he was released after five years due to a commutation. Madam Ahou's Husband is his masterpiece that he wrote in jail in 1333-1338 and published by he himself because no publisher accepted to publish such a long novel written by an unknown writer, but after its publication many famous writers admired his work. References1.http://akharinkhabar.ir/cinema/39594072.http://masoodp.persiangig.com/Shohare%20Ahoo%20khanoom.pdf/download 3.https://shop.ketab.com/book-detail.aspx?item=12161 4.https://archive.org/details/ShohareAhooKhanoom |
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