1. Quantifying technology's impact on jobs

2. Policy

3. References

That's likely true. Sorry I don't have time to help further with this draft. — Diannaa 🍁 (talk) 21:08, 24 November 2018 (UTC)}}

If it's a debate, it should explain the history of the term, and the history of the debate, and the major stances that organizations have taken on it. Also how the term has been widely used. AngusWOOF (bark • sniff) 20:06, 24 November 2018 (UTC)}}

The "future of work" refers to the public debate surrounding the potential job replacement that will occur due to technology. The competing forces of automation versus innovation, driven by advances in technology, shape labor markets.^[1] Automation typically leads to a decline in employment in old sectors. Meanwhile, innovation leads to the emergence of new sectors or tasks. Future employment and labor market dynamics depends on both. The labor and skills intensity of the new sectors or tasks that emerge is also relevant.

Less skilled workers are disproportionately losing out in the face of automation. Meanwhile, the innovation process has generally favored the more educated. The changing skills content of jobs has been documented extensively in advanced economies.^[2][3] There is less data available for emerging economies studies show that technology is disrupting the demand for three types of skills in the workplace. First, the demand for nonroutine cognitive and sociobehavioral skills appears to be rising in both advanced and emerging economies. Second, the demand for routine job-specific skills is declining. And, third, payoffs to combinations of different skill types appear to be increasing. These changes show up not just through new jobs replacing old jobs, but also through the changing skills profile of existing jobs. The big question is whether workers displaced by automation will have the required skills for new jobs created by innovation.

Quantifying technology's impact on jobs

Many economists have attempted to quantify the impact of technological progress on job losses.^{[4][5][6][7][8]} The great variation in those estimates shows the high uncertainty involved in predicting how technology will affect jobs. For example, job automation estimates for Bolivia range from 2 percent to 41 percent. In other words, anything from 100,000 to 2 million Bolivian jobs in 2018 are likely to be automated. The range is even wider for advanced economies. In the US, 7 to 47 percent of jobs are at risk of being automated. In Japan, 6 to 55 percent of jobs are at risk. though these estimates vary widely. For example, for Bolivia, job automation estimates range from 2 to 41 percent. In other words, anywhere from 100,000 to 2 million Bolivian jobs may be automated in 2018. The range is even wider for advanced economies. In Lithuania, from 5 to 56 percent of jobs are at risk of being automated. In Japan, from 6 to 55 percent of jobs are thought to be at risk.

The wide range of predictions illustrates the difficulty of estimating technology's impact on jobs. Job loss predictions do not accurately incorporate technology absorption rates, which are often painstakingly slow and differ not only between countries but also across firms within countries. In addition, such estimates can be misleading as they do not take into consideration the new jobs that will be created as a result of technology.

Policy

Public anxiety around the future of work in light of increasing automation has raised the profile of the issue amongst policymakers, prompting a variety of responses.

For most of the last 40 years, human capital--the skills and knowledge of people--has served as a shield against automation, in part because machines are less adept at replicating more complex tasks. Given the degree of progress in the areas of machine learning and artificial intelligence, there is an emerging global consensus on the importance of greater investments in human capital if labor is to remain competitive against machines. The World Bank's Human Capital Index 2018,^[9] launched in the 2019 World Development Report on the future of work is an international metric that has been built to benchmark certain components of foundational human capital across countries. The index measures the amount of human capital that a child born in a given year can expect to attain by age 18 in view of the risks of poor education poor health that prevail in the country in which she was born.

References

• Field effect transistor
• Field E. Kindley
• Field Elementary School
• Field elm
• Field Emission Display
• Field-emission microscope
• Field Emission Microscope
• Field emitter array
• Fielden chair of pure mathematics
• Field engineer
• Fielden Professor of Pure Mathematics
• Field Enterprises
• Field Epidemiology Training Program
• Fielder choice
• Fielder Jones
• Fielder's Choice
• Field eryngo
• Field Eryngo
• Field Estate
• Field experiments
• Fieldfare cabin
• Fieldfare Cabin
• Field Flowers Goe
• Field Forget-me-not
• Field formation