“Draft:Harriet Byron McAllister”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Harriet Byron McAllister Blanton Theobald (April 17, 1798 – September 7, 1888) was an American philanthropist and is referred to as the "Mother of Greenville" Mississippi.^[1] She deeded much of her land and right of ways to what would become the new site of Greenville, Mississippi after 1865.

Biography

Early life

Harriet Byron McAllister was born to John Keith McAllister and Mary Smith in 1798 in Georgia.^[2] J.K. McAllister is native of Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland and had migrated to the colonies and joined the British Legion during the American Revolutionary War.^[2] He served as a captain under the command of famed General Banastre Tarleton.^[3] During the route of Tarleton's forces, McAllister was captured at the Battle of Cowpens in 1781. He was paroled after the war and remained in Dinwiddie County, Virginia where he married Mary Elizabeth Smith, and became a citizen of America. He entered the mercantile business in Charleston, South Carolina and then moved his family to Greene County, Georgia, where Harriet was born April 17, 1798. Four children were born to the family; Thomas Keith; Augustus William, Harriet Bryon, and Charlotte. In 1810 McAllister would move his family to the old town of Washington, Mississippi near Natchez.^[4]

Blantonia and Greenville

William Whitaker Blanton married Harriet Byron McAllister in Walnut Hills, Mississippi on March 26, 1818.^[2] This was a time when the region was being established as a United States territory through the selling of lands by the Choctaw; during December of 1817 Mississippi had been admitted as the 20th state in the union. Washington County, Mississippi was established in January 1827 and the couple settled there in 1828 where they obtained a plantation through land grants under Andrew Jackson’s administration. William and Harriet were to eventually have twelve children but only two survived (Orville Martin Blanton and William Campbell Blanton). ^[2] The town of Greenville, Mississippi (named for General Nathaniel Greene of the American Revolutionary War) was originally established in 1846 as the third seat of government in Washington County. The community has shifted location twice and present day Greenville is located just slightly southwest of the first settlement. The original town site fell victim to flood waters of the Mississippi River.

Their plantation (Blantonia), was located on and around the current city of Greenville, Mississippi (the third town of Greenville). This plantation is not to be confused with the plantation of the same name in Lorman, Mississippi also named Blantonia but owned within the same families. William Whitaker Blanton's parents John Blanton and Martha Belton "Patsy" Whitaker, originally from Virginia, moved to Kentucky but eventually the family established the (Blantonia Plantation) near Red Lick/Lorman, Mississippi just south of Vicksburg.^[2]

After William Whitaker Blanton’s death in 1838, Harriet Byron McAllister Blanton married Dr. Samuel Theobald on June 27, 1841.^[1] McAllister would also outlive her second husband as Dr. Theobald would die in 1866.^[2]

The destruction of Greenville

Greenville was a pivotal town for General Ulysses S. Grant's northern operations in Mississippi during the Siege of Vicksburg campaign. Beginning at the end of March 1863, Greenville was the target of General Frederick Steele's C.S.A. soldiers. The design of this operation was to do reconnaissance of Deer Creek as a possible route to Vicksburg and to create havoc, cause damage to confederate soldiers, guerrillas and loyal (Confederate) landowners. Highly successful, Steele's men seized almost 1000 head of livestock (horses, mules, and cattle) and burned 500,000 bushels of corn during their foray.^[5] In addition to the damage done, the Union soldiers also acquired several hundred slaves, who would cross the Union lines and become U.S. soldiers. The first black regiments were formed during the Siege of Greenville; by the end of the operation nearly 500 ex-slaves were learning the "school of the soldier."

In early May of 1863, as retaliation for Confederate artillery firing on Union shipping on the Mississippi River, Commander Selfridge of the U.S. Navy ordered ashore 67 marines and 30 sailors, landing near Chicot Island. Their orders were to "put to the torch" all homes and buildings of those citizens guilty of aiding and abetting Confederate forces. By the end of the day of May 9, the large and imposing mansions, barns, stables, cotton gins, overseer dwellings and slave quarters of Harriet Blanton's (Blantonia) and another plantations were completely destroyed. The destruction of Greenville was completed on May 6 when a number of Union infantrymen slipped ashore from their boats and burned every building in the town but two (a house and a church).^[6]^[7]^[8]

Donation of Blantonia

Greenville today is in its third location, three miles from the original site.^[9] At the end of the American Civil War, returning Confederate Mississippi regiments found their homes gone and their families scattered among area plantations. Following that destruction of Greenville, Mississippi by Federal Troops, on September 1, 1865 Harriet Theobald and her two sons Orville and William donated 47.5 acres of the Blantonia Plantation to rebuild Greenville then earning her the nickname “Mother of Greenville.” In 1867 Major Richard O’Hea, who had planned the wartime defense fortifications at Vicksburg, was hired to lay out the new town; Theobald Street serves as the eastern boundary.^[9] The citizens erected a courthouse, a public school, and a library, and provided spaces for churches. Greenville was incorporated on June 24,1870. By this time, the burned-out site of old Greenville was crumbling into the Mississippi River. The Blanton/Theobalds also sold off other portions of land for new home owners.^[10]

Later life

Later on Harriet Theobald would survive through other hardships the city of Greenville faced. In 1874, the citizens of Greenville suffered a city-wide catastrophe: the Great Fire of 1874, which destroyed 45 homes and 62 businesses, reducing the population of 890 to about 500. A second major fire would hit the city a year later. Despite warnings of fire hazards, wood had been used as the major material for the construction for the new, post-Civil War Greenville.^[11] In 1877, a Yellow fever outbreak decimated the community and surrounding areas that would stretch all the way up to Memphis, Tennessee. A third of the population died in Greenville, including the mayor and four of five councilmen. Soon after the new city was chartered in 1886, a group of cotton planters, factors, buyers, and merchants organized a cotton exchange. Due to the fertile soil, cotton farming and processing became a huge boon to the economy and growth of Greenville during and after Harriet Theobold's lifetime in that city.

While in Monteagle, Tennessee in 1886 (aged 88) Harriet Byron McAllister tripped over a croquet wicket and fell suffering a fractured hip. She never fully recovered and died in Greenville on January 23, 1888 at the age of 89.^[12]^[13] Numerous sites bear her name in contemporary Greenville to include streets and parks.^[14]

Descendants and relations

Harriett McAllister's son Orville Martin Blanton (O.M. Blanton, born 1828) became a medical doctor and prominent apiarist (bee keeper).^[15]^[16]^[17] Blanton and his wife Smith settled on Belle Air Plantation, Washington County, a gift of from Harriet Byron McAllister.^[2] Blanton served in the Civil War as a medical surgeon with the C.S.A. 1st Louisiana Artillery. Her other son William Campbell Blanton settled with his wife Georgie Smith on Greenway Plantation which had also been part of the original Blantonia Planation (the Greenville Cemetery resides on that land). He would serve as a private in the C.S.A. Company D, of the 28th Mississippi Cavalry and died in 1869.^[18] McAllister's granddaughter married Herbert Eustis who was part of the family of George Eustis and James B. Eustis who were prominent in the Louisiana legislature and State Supreme Court. Other prominent descendants have been noted over the years through pulbic records and obituaries.^[19]^[20]^[21]

Notes

1. ^¹Nowell, Princella Wilkerson. A Closer Look: A History & Guide to the Greenville Cemetery. Jackson, MS: Hederman Brothers Press. pp. 25-28
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶[https://libraries.olemiss.edu/cedar-archives/finding_aids/MUM00034.html Blanton-Smith Collection, Department of Archives & Special Collections, University of Mississippi Libraries, Oxford MS.]
3. ^U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2010.
4. ^County Historical Society, Chapter 9, SOME WASHINGTON COUNTY GENEALOGY, pg. 339, Note: Washington Co., MS
5. ^"A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies" (O.R.) Series I, Vol XXIV, Pt I, p 502.
6. ^"A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies" (O.R.) Series I, Vol XXIV, Pt II, p 144.
7. ^Diary of Lt. Geo Hale, 33rd Wisconsin
8. ^Diary of Lt. Anthony Burton, 5th battery, Ohio Artillery
9. ^¹NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM, Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service, June 29, 2004
10. ^Lakeport Planation - Greenville,. 1873 — Weatherbee purchases land from Mrs. Blanton Theobald, where he would build his home.
11. ^Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities - Greenville, Mississippi
12. ^Mississippi: Contemporary biography, edited by Dunbar Rowland. the Reprint Company Publishers. Spartenburg, South Carolina. 1976. pp. 59-60
13. ^{{Cite web | url=https://greenvillecemetery.wordpress.com |title = Greenville Cemetery}}
14. ^"Mother of Greenville Honored with Marker" Todd S. Bergmann, Delta Democrat Times.
15. ^Blanton, Dr. O.M. The Voice of Experience: Thirty Three Years a Bee-Keeper in Mississippi The American Bee Keeper, Volumes 17-18, January 1907, Vol. XVII No.1. pp. 62-64
16. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=KbY5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA460&lpg=PA460&dq=O.M.+Blanton+beekeeper+advertisement&source=bl&ots=HVB5Z17ZOA&sig=ACfU3U00OtcaaIR3llUOwlfSv6G6Or4_8A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi3ndT2oP7gAhURLa0KHWkEA8gQ6AEwB3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=O.M.%20Blanton%20beekeeper%20advertisement&f=false The American Bee Journal. pp. 460, July 9th, 1882]
17. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=ysxJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA298&lpg=PA298&dq=O.M.+Blanton+beekeeper+advertisement&source=bl&ots=ETPzQIx1IF&sig=ACfU3U1tj3EoWyk8cFqoaXAcvF5KeMpMRg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi3ndT2oP7gAhURLa0KHWkEA8gQ6AEwBnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=O.M.%20Blanton%20beekeeper%20advertisement&f=false The Bee Keepers Exchange, Volumes 4-5, September 1882, O.M. Blanton entry pp. 298]
18. ^The Native Virginian. Obituary. April 23, 1869, Friday. pp. 2
19. ^Delta-Democrat Times. Obituaries, Georgie Blanton Finlay. August 19, 2008
20. ^Delta-Democrat Times. Obituaries, Harold Eustis. Sunday, February 29, 2004
21. ^[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/175401021/herbert-lee-eustis The Delta Democrat Times, Herbert Lee Eustis obituary. Greenville, Mississippi, November 28, 1972]