“Draft:Imaging FlowCytobot”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) is a type of ‘’in situ’’ automated, submersible imaging flow cytometer used to image and quantify microscopic phytoplankton and suspended particles in marine and freshwater ecosystems. It was originally developed by Robert Olson and Heidi Sosik at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and is provided commercially through McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.^[1] The IFCB produces high-resolution (~3.4 pixels/micron) images of individual phytoplankton cells ranging in size from <10 to 150 µm, and can generate on the order of 30,000 images per hour^[2].

The Imaging FlowCytobot combines flow cytometric, microscope, and video capture technology to obtain images of phytoplankton cells and other suspended particles ^[3]. The individual components of the IFCB are constructed around an optical breadboard attached to an end cap, which seals to a watertight pressure housing (30.48 cm inner diameter by 76.2 cm) ^[4]. The instrument has external connections for both power and data communication, as well as the fluid intake and outflow. The fluidics system of the IFCB follows a similar logic to a conventional flow cytometer. Using a syringe pump, the instrument takes in a 5-mL sample of seawater (or freshwater) and injects it into the center of a sheath fluid flow, which hydrodynamically focuses the particles as they pass through a flow cell. The particles then proceed one-by-one through a red diode laser ^[5]. Each particle that passes through the laser beam scatters the light, and cells that contain chlorophyll (i.e., phytoplankton) emit a red light (680 nm) fluorescence. Either the light scattering (all particles) or the fluorescence (phytoplankton) are set to trigger a xenon flashlamp, which results in a 1-μs flash of light which illuminates the flow cell (Köhler illumination). The light from the flashlamp is focused through a series of 10x objective lenses and continues to a monochrome CCD camera, which records the particle image in high-resolution^[6].

The IFCB collects high resolution images of phytoplankton in real time. This allows for a constant monitoring of the phytoplankton population which can track phytoplankton bloom events. This allows the IFCB to track harmful algal blooms (HABs) that may have negative impacts on human health or fisheries^[7]. The IFCB is also capable of being deployed at depths of up to 40 meters, allowing for an analysis of phytoplankton deeper in the water column^[8]. Another application of the IFCB is the ability to create high temporal resolution time series of phytoplankton populations^[9]. It can be deployed for periods of 6 to 9 months and can track changes in the population’s composition through consecutive seasons^[10].

References

1. ^Olson, Robert J., and Heidi M. Sosik. 2007. “A Submersible Imaging-in-Flow Instrument to Analyze Nano-and Microplankton: Imaging FlowCytobot.” Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 5 (6): 195–203.
2. ^{{cite web | url=https://mclanelabs.com/imaging-flowcytobot/ | title=Imaging FlowCytobot}}
3. ^https://mclanelabs.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/McLane-IFCB-Manual.Rev_.18.A.08.pdf
4. ^Olson, Robert J., and Heidi M. Sosik. 2007. “A Submersible Imaging-in-Flow Instrument to Analyze Nano-and Microplankton: Imaging FlowCytobot.” Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 5 (6): 195–203.
5. ^Olson, Robert J., and Heidi M. Sosik. 2007. “A Submersible Imaging-in-Flow Instrument to Analyze Nano-and Microplankton: Imaging FlowCytobot.” Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 5 (6): 195–203.
6. ^Olson, Robert J., and Heidi M. Sosik. 2007. “A Submersible Imaging-in-Flow Instrument to Analyze Nano-and Microplankton: Imaging FlowCytobot.” Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 5 (6): 195–203.
7. ^Laura Brooke Harred, Lisa Campbell; Predicting harmful algal blooms: a case study with Dinophysis ovum in the Gulf of Mexico, Journal of Plankton Research, Volume 36, Issue 6, 1 November 2014, Pages 1434–1445, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbu070
8. ^{{cite web | url=https://mclanelabs.com/imaging-flowcytobot/ | title=Imaging FlowCytobot}}
9. ^Laura Brooke Harred, Lisa Campbell; Predicting harmful algal blooms: a case study with Dinophysis ovum in the Gulf of Mexico, Journal of Plankton Research, Volume 36, Issue 6, 1 November 2014, Pages 1434–1445, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbu070
10. ^{{cite web | url=https://mclanelabs.com/imaging-flowcytobot/ | title=Imaging FlowCytobot}}

Olson, Robert J., and Heidi M. Sosik. 2007. “A Submersible Imaging-in-Flow Instrument to Analyze Nano-and Microplankton: Imaging FlowCytobot.” Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 5 (6): 195–203.

Laura Brooke Harred, Lisa Campbell; Predicting harmful algal blooms: a case study with Dinophysis ovum in the Gulf of Mexico, Journal of Plankton Research, Volume 36, Issue 6, 1 November 2014, Pages 1434–1445, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbu070