History

Sleeping is something we have common will all organisms on the planet and has been a topic of interest for many years. Dr. Nathenaiel Kleitman begin his research in 1920s to gain better understanding of the processes involved the regulation of sleep.^[2]

Scientific study of sleep was first done is 1937, when electroencephalograph was used to collected data on the brain activity during sleep. Rapid eye movement (REM) was not discovered until 1953 by Dr. kleitman and his colleagues and the relationship REM has with sleep.^[3].Dr. Kleitman is now known as the "Father of American sleep research".

Sleep Deprivation

Sleep deprivation is the lack in total number of sleep required to function normally and eliminate side effects during the day time. such as fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and low cognitive function. The total number of hours required for sleeping varies among individuals but on average adults need about seven to eight hours.{{cn|date=October 2018}} There is no substitute for not obtaining enough sleep but caffeine, naps during the deprivation period, and other stimulants such as amphetamine can help decrease the symptoms. sleep deprivation occurs among individuals of different age group. Over 37 percent of young adults between the age of 20-39 year have reported sleep deprivation by shortening the sleep duration. In adults between the ages of 40-59 year old, 40 percent have reported sleep deprivation. Within the typical 24 hours a day less than 7 hours of sleep have been reported by over 35.3 percent of adults. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19961/figure/a2000f7efmmm00009/?report=objectonly The figure shows the change in the hours of sleep gained by men and women over the years]

Causes of Sleep deprivation

The individual internal desire to Prioritizing the different needsLeads to sleep deprivation. Having a busy schedule For the desire to be socially involved Lowering the number of sleep needed function. The environment that individuals Resides in can also cause a loss in the number of sleep such as being Sleeping next to a partner who snores, noisy apartments,Excessive light and change in the working hours from dayshift tonight shift ^[4]Or vice versa

Effects of sleep loss on health

Overtime constant loss Of sleep has been linked to injurious health consequences affecting cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and the nervous system. sleep loss occurs when an adult gains less then 7 hours of sleep and some of the problem potentially caused by sleep loss include ^[1]

• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Alcohol use

Sleep Disorder

Due to the research done on sleep disorders this far, approximately 90 different sleep disorders have been identified. Symptoms of sleep disorders include include excessive daytime sleepiness difficulty maintaining sleep, Abnormal body movement, change in behavior and Unexplainable Sensation occurring To the individual during sleep. Some of the most common sleep disorder can be divided into farther categories include

• Insomnia
• Hypersomnias
• Parasonmias
• sleep related breathing problems
• sleep movement Disorder

References